نسل نوح

"Table of Nations" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة a list of countries، انظر list of sovereign states.
This T and O map, from the first printed version of Isidore's Etymologiae, identifies the three known continents as populated by descendants of Sem (Shem), Iafeth (Japheth) and Cham (Ham).
The world according to the Mosaic account (1854 map)

The Generations of Noah or Table of Nations (Genesis 10 of the Hebrew Bible) is a traditional ethnology representing the expansion of humankind from the descendants of Noah and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood.[1] The term "nations" to describe the descendants is a standard English translation of the Hebrew word "goy", following the ح.400 CE Latin Vulgate's "nationes" / "nationibus", and does not have the same political connotations that the word entails today.[2]

The list of 70 names introduces for the first time a number of well known ethnonyms and toponyms important to biblical geography[3] such as Noah's three sons Shem, Ham and Japheth, from which is derived Semitic, Hamitic and Japhetites, certain of Noah's grandsons including Elam, Ashur, Aram, Cush, and Canaan, from which the Elamites, Assyrians, Arameans, Cushites and Canaanites, as well as further descendants including Eber (from which "Hebrews"), the hunter-king Nimrod, the Philistines and the sons of Canaan including Heth, Jebus and Amorus, from which Hittites, Jebusites and Amorites.

As Christianity took over the Roman world, it adopted the idea that all the world's peoples were descended from Noah. But the tradition of Hellenistic Jewish identifications of the ancestry of various peoples, which concentrates very much on the Mediterranean world and the Near East and is described below, became stretched. Northern peoples important to the Late Roman and medieval world, such as the Celts, Slavs, Germans and Norsemen were not covered, nor were others of the world's peoples. A variety of arrangements were devised by scholars, with for example the Scythians, who do feature in the tradition, being claimed as the ancestors of much of northern Europe.[4]

According to Joseph Blenkinsopp, the 70 names in the list express symbolically the unity of the human race, corresponding to the 70 descendants of Israel who go down into Egypt with Jacob at Genesis 46:27 and the 70 elders of Israel who visit God with Moses at the covenant ceremony in Exodus 24:1–9.[5]

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جدول الأمم

سفر التكوين

Noah dividing the world between his sons. Anonymous painter; Russia, 18th century

Book of Chronicles

Book of Jubilees

خريطة العالم الأيونية


Septuagint version


Sons of Noah: Shem, Ham and Japheth

1823 map by Robert Wilkinson (see also 1797 version here). Prior to the mid-19th century, Shem was associated with all of Asia, Ham with all of Africa and Japheth with all of Europe.


التفسيرات العرقية

في فلاڤيوس يوسفوس

Geographic identifications of Flavius Josephus, ح. 100 AD

في هيپوليتوس

حفر خشبي من Nuremberg Chronicle، يبين سام وحام ويافث على أركانهم من العالم.


Islam

The sons of Noah are not expressly mentioned in the Quran, except for the fact that one of the sons was among the people who did not follow his own father, not among the believers and thus was washed away in the flood. Also the Qur'an indicates a great calamity, enough to have destroyed Noah's people, but to have saved him his followers and his generations to come.[6]

See also

Notes

  • Dillmann, A., Genesis: Critically and Exegetically Expounded, Vol. 1, Edinburgh, UK, T. and T. Clark, 1897, 314.
  • Kautzsch, E.F.: quoted by James Orr, "The Early Narratives of Genesis," in The Fundamentals, Vol. 1, Los Angeles, CA, Biola Press, 1917.

References

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Citations

  1. ^ Rogers 2000, p. 1271.
  2. ^ "Nation: The History of a Word". The Review of Politics. Cambridge University Press. 6 (3): 351–366. July 1944. doi:10.1017/s0034670500021331. JSTOR 1404386. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  3. ^ Biblical Geography: "The ethnographical list in Genesis 10 is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the old general geography of the East, and its importance can scarcely be overestimated."
  4. ^ Johnson, James William, "The Scythian: His Rise and Fall", Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 20, No. 2 (Apr., 1959), pp. 250-257, University of Pennsylvania Press, JSTOR
  5. ^ Blenkinsopp 2011, p. 156.
  6. ^ Surat As-Saffat القرآن 37:75–77

Bibliography

Daniel A. Machiela (2009). "A Comparative Commentary on the Earths Division". The Dead Sea Genesis Apocryphon: A New Text and Translation With Introduction and Special Treatment of Columns 13–17. BRILL. ISBN 9789004168145.

Jacques T. A. G. M. Ruiten (2000). Primaeval History Interpreted: The Rewriting of Genesis 1–11 in the Book of Jubilees. BRILL. ISBN 9789004116580.


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وصلات خارجية

قالب:Noah's Ark قالب:Religious family trees

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