الكنائس الكاثوليكية الشرقية

هذا المقال هو عن Eastern Churches in full communion within the Catholic Church. إذا كنت تريد other Eastern Christian churches، انظر Eastern Christianity.
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Eastern Orthodox Church or Church of the East.
Eastern Catholic Churches
Clockwise from top:
St. George's Ukrainian Greek Catholic Cathedral, Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchal Cathedral of the Dormition of Our Lady, Kidane Mehret Eritrean Catholic Cathedral, Armenian Catholic Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, St. Mary's Syro-Malankara Catholic Cathedral, Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica of St. Mary
التبويبCatholic
التوجهEastern Christianity
النصوص الدينيةBible (Septuagint, Peshitta)
اللاهوتCatholic theology and
Eastern theology
الكيانEpiscopal
StructureCommunion
Popeفرانسس
اللغةKoine Greek, Syriac, Hebrew, Aramaic, Geʽez, Coptic, Classical Armenian, Church Slavonic, Arabic, and vernaculars (Albanian, Hungarian, Romanian, Georgian, Malayalam, etc.)
الطقس الكنسيEastern Catholic liturgies
انفصلت عنVarious autocephalous churches of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Church of the East throughout the centuries
تفرعت عنCatholic Church
الأعضاء18 million[1]
جزء من سلسلة مقالات عن
الكاثوليكية الشرقية
DebateBetweenCatholicsAndOrientalChristiansInThe13thCenturyAcre1290.jpg
كنائس التقليد الإسكندري
كنائس التقليد السرياني الشرقي
كنائس التقليد الأرمني
كنائس التقليد البيزنطي
كنائس التقليد السرياني الشرقي
Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg
جزء من سلسلة عن
الكنيسة الكاثوليكية
St. Peter's Basilica
كاتدرائية القديس بطرس، مدينة الڤاتيكان
نظرة عامة
Background
التنظيم
علم اللاهوت
الفلسفة
العبادة
الطقوس

  • Eastern
جدل
موضوعات أخرى

Relations with:

وصلات ومراجع

الكنائس الكاثوليكية الشرقية ويقصد بها الكنائس المستقلة المرتبطة بشكل تام مع بابا روما، ولكنها متميزة عن الكنائس الغربية أو اللاتينية من ناحية الطقوس والممارسات الدينية.

تاريخيا تقع هذه الكنائس في أوروبا الشرقية وآسيا الصغرى والشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا والهند، أما اليوم فهي تنتشر في جميع أنحاء العالم .

قائمة الكنائس الكاثوليكية الشرقية

البلدان المغطاة بـ circumscriptions لكنائس معينة كاثوليكية شرقية
المفتاح
  Deep red: Countries that have the headquarters of Byzantine rite particular churches
  Green: Countries that have the headquarters of Alexandrian rite particular churches
  Yellow: Countries that have the headquarters of particular churches of other rites (West Syriac, East Syriac and Armenian)
  Blue: All other countries that are wholly or partially covered by circumscriptions of Eastern Catholic particular churches


انظر أيضاً: List of Christian denominations by number of members § Catholicism – 1.329 مليار

The Holy See's Annuario Pontificio gives the following list of Eastern Catholic churches with the principal episcopal see of each and the countries (or larger political areas) where they have ecclesiastical jurisdiction, to which are here added the date of union or foundation in parentheses and the membership in brackets. The total membership for all Eastern Catholic churches is at least 18,047,000 people.

الكنائس الكاثوليكية الشرقية
Jurisdiction and bishop numbers from GCatholic[2] (current as of July 9, 2019)
Membership numbers from Annuario Pontificio (2023)[3][note 1][note 2]
Name Recognition Rite Seat Polity Jurisdictions Bishops Members
Coat of arms of Patriarch Ibrahim Isaac.svg Coptic Catholic Church 1741 Alexandrian Cathedral of Our Lady, Cairo, Egypt Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».253,100
Eritrean Catholic Church[4] 2015 Kidane Mehret Cathedral, Asmara, Eritrea Metropolitanate &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».173,251
Coat of arms of Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel.svg Ethiopian Catholic Church 1846 Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Metropolitanate &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».80,568
Igreja armênica católica.svg Armenian Catholic Church 1742 Armenian Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory, Beirut, Lebanon Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&018.&&&&&018 &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».753,945
Albanian Greek Catholic Church 1628 Byzantine Pro-Cathedral of Saint Mary and Saint Louis, Vlorë, Albania Apostolic administration (southern Albania) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 -
Belarusian Greek Catholic Church 1596 none Apostolic Administration &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 -
Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church 1861 Cathedral of the Dormition, Sofia, Bulgaria Eparchy (Sofia) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».10,000
Coat of arms of Đura Džudžar.svg Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia[5](p. 1140) 1611 several[note 3] no unified structure[note 3] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».44,300
Escudo de Manuel Nin.svg Greek Byzantine Catholic Church 1911 several[note 4] no unified structure[note 4] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».6,017
Hungarian Greek Catholic Church 1912 Cathedral of Hajdúdorog, Debrecen, Hungary Metropolitanate (Hajdúdorog) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».296,830
Italo-Albanian Catholic Church 1577[6] several[note 5] no unified structure[note 5] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».55,909
Macedonian Greek Catholic Church 2001 Cathedral of the Assumption, Strumica, North Macedonia Eparchy (Strumica-Skopje) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01[note 6] 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».11,419
Patriarch Youssef Absi coat of arms.svg Melkite Greek Catholic Church 1726 Cathedral of the Dormition, Damascus, Syria Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&029.&&&&&029 &&&&&&&&&&&&&035.&&&&&035 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».1,545,990
Romanian Greek Catholic Church 1698 Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Blaj, Romania Major archiepiscopate (Făgăraș and Alba Iulia) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».473,710
Russian Greek Catholic Church 1905 none[note 7] none[note 7] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 -
Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church (Also known as the Byzantine Catholic Church in the United States) 1646 Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Pittsburgh, United States Metropolitanate[note 8] &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&08.&&&&&08 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».365,883
Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Prešov.svg Slovak Greek Catholic Church 1646 Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Prešov, Slovakia Metropolitanate (Prešov) &&&&&&&&&&&&&&04.&&&&&04 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».210,061
Coat of arms of Sviatoslav Shevchuk.svg Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 1595 Cathedral of the Resurrection, Kyiv, Ukraine Major archiepiscopate (Kyiv–Galicia) &&&&&&&&&&&&&035.&&&&&035 &&&&&&&&&&&&&050.&&&&&050 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».4,295,581
Chaldean Catholic COA.svg Chaldean Catholic Church 1552 East Syriac Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows, Baghdad, Iraq Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023 &&&&&&&&&&&&&023.&&&&&023 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».646,581
Syro-Malabar Church 1923 (present hierarchy)[7][8] Mount Saint Thomas, Kochi, India Major archiepiscopate &&&&&&&&&&&&&035.&&&&&035 &&&&&&&&&&&&&063.&&&&&063 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».4,537,342
Coat of Arms of the Maronite Patriarchate.svg Antiochene Syriac Maronite Church est. Seventh C.
reentered communion 1154[9] 		West Syriac Church of Bkerké, Bkerké, Lebanon Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&029.&&&&&029 &&&&&&&&&&&&&050.&&&&&050 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».3,543,796
Syriac Catholic Church 1781 Syriac Catholic Cathedral of Saint Paul, Damascus, Syria Patriarchate &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016 &&&&&&&&&&&&&020.&&&&&020 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».120,679
Coat of arms of Cardinal Baselios Cleemis.svg Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1930 Cathedral of Saint Mary, Pattom, Kerala, India Major archiepiscopate &&&&&&&&&&&&&012.&&&&&012 &&&&&&&&&&&&&014.&&&&&014 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».487,247
غيرهم various[note 9] several[note 10] Ordinariates &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&06.&&&&&06[note 11] 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».134,922
الإجمالي &&&&&&&&&&&&0250.&&&&&0250 &&&&&&&&&&&&0320.&&&&&0320 0خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,»..خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «,».18,047,131
  1. ^ Except as otherwise indicated for the Albanian, Belarusian, and Russian Churches.
  2. ^ Historically, in Georgia, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Eastern Catholicism thrived as a unique branch of the greater Catholic ecumene, when in 1861, ex-Mekhistarist priest Peter Kharischirashvili founded the Servites of the Immaculate Conception in Istanbul. However, the Stalinist purges in the 1920s and 1930s essentially eradicated the eclassiastical independence of the community, and the remaining members lived only until the late 1950s. Today, Catholics in Georgia adhere to the Latin and Armenian rites instead of the Byzantine one, composed mostly of ethnic Georgians and Armenians.
  3. ^ أ ب The Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia comprises two jurisdictions: Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci covering Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Greek Catholic Eparchy of Ruski Krstur covering Serbia. The Eparchy of Križevci is in foreign province, and the Eparchy of Ruski Krstur is immediately subject to the Holy See.
  4. ^ أ ب The Greek Byzantine Catholic Church comprises two independent apostolic exarchates covering Greece and Turkey respectively, each immediately subject to the Holy See.
  5. ^ أ ب The Italo-Albanian Greek-Catholic Church comprises two independent eparchies (based in Lungro and Piana degli Albanesi) and one territorial abbacy (based in Grottaferrata), each immediately subject to the Holy See.
  6. ^ Kiro Stojanov serves as bishop of the Macedonian Eparchy of the Assumption in addition to his primary duties as the Latin Church bishop of Skopje, and so GCatholic only counts him as a Latin Church bishop.
  7. ^ أ ب The Russian Greek Catholic Church comprises two apostolic exarchates (one for Russia and one for China), each immediately subject to the Holy See and each vacant for decades. Bishop Joseph Werth of Novosibirsk has been appointed by the Holy See as ordinary to the Eastern Catholic faithful in Russia, although not as exarch of the dormant apostolic exarchate and without the creation of a formal ordinariate.
  8. ^ The Ruthenian Catholic Church does not have a unified structure. It includes a Metropolia based in Pittsburgh, which covers the entire United States, but also an eparchy in Ukraine and an apostolic exarchate in the Czech Republic, both of which are directly subject to the Holy See.
  9. ^ Five of the ordinariates for Eastern Catholics are multi-ritual, encompassing the faithful of all Eastern Catholicism within their territory not otherwise subject to a local ordinary of their own rite. The sixth is exclusively Byzantine, but covers all Byzantine Catholics in Austria, no matter which particular Byzantine Church they belong to.
  10. ^ The six ordinariates are based in Buenos Aires (Argentina), Vienna (Austria), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), Paris (France), Warsaw (Poland), and Madrid (Spain).
  11. ^ Technically, each of these ordinariates has an ordinary who is a bishop, but all of the bishops are Latin bishops whose primary assignment is to a Latin see.

الاضطهاد

أوروبا الشرقية

المقالة الرئيسية: Eastern Catholic victims of Soviet persecutions


العالم الإسلامي

المقالة الرئيسية: Christianity in the Middle East, Persecution of Christians, and Genocide of Christians by ISIL

الولايات المتحدة

انظر أيضاً: Orthodox Church in America and Alexis Toth

While not subject to the kind of physical dangers or persecution from government authorities encountered in Eastern Europe or the Middle East, adherents of Eastern Catholic Churches in United States, most of whom were relatively new immigrants from Eastern Europe, encountered difficulties due to hostility from the Latin Church clergy who dominated the Catholic hierarchy in United States who found them alien. In particular, immigration of Eastern Catholic priests who were married, common in their churches but extremely rare in Latin churches, was forbidden or severely limited and some Latin Church bishops actively interfered with the pastoral work of those who did arrive. Some bishops sought to forbid all non-Latin Catholic priests from coming to United States at all. Many Eastern Catholic immigrants to United States were thus either assimilated into the Latin Church or joined the Eastern Orthodox Church. One former Eastern Catholic priest, Alexis Toth, left the Catholic Church following criticism and sanctions from Latin authorities including John Ireland, the Bishop of Saint Paul, and joining the Orthodox Church. Toth has been canonized as an Eastern Orthodox saint for having led as many as 20,000 disaffected former Eastern Catholics to the Orthodox Church, particularly the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese.

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

المراجع

  1. ^ "The beautiful witness of the Eastern Catholic Churches". Catholic Herald. 7 March 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  2. ^ "Rites of the Catholic Church". GCatholic.org. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  3. ^ "Annuario Orientale Cattolico - 2023 by Vartan Waldir Boghossian EXARMAL - Issuu". issuu.com (in الإنجليزية). 2023-09-09. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
  4. ^ "Erezione della Chiesa Metropolitana sui iuris eritrea e nomina del primo Metropolita". Holy See Press Office. January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  5. ^ Catholic Church (2012). Annuario Pontificio. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0.
  6. ^ In 1576, with the bull In Apostolicae Sedis specula of 13 January, Pope Gregory XIII recognized the Italo-Albanians community and established the "Greek College" in Rome for the training of their Greek-Catholic rite priests.
    Subsequently in 1732 and 1734: Ordinariate of the Italo-Albanians of the Byzantine rite of Calabria and Sicily appointed. After centuries of requests, recognition and birth of eparchies and territorial abbeys in 1919 and 1937.
  7. ^ "CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE SYROMALABAR CHURCH". Syro-Malabar Church Official website. Archived from the original on 4 October 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  8. ^ Tisserant, Eugene (1957). Hambye, E. R. (ed.). Eastern Christianity in India: A History of the Syro-Malabar Church from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Westminster: Newman Press. pp. 134–135.
  9. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Attwater

للاستزادة

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church

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