محافظة طرابزون

(تم التحويل من Trabzon Province)
Trabzon Province
Trabzon ili
محافظة تركية
دير سوملا
دير سوملا
موقع محافظة طرابزون في تركيا
موقع محافظة طرابزون في تركيا
أقضية محافظة طرابزون
أقضية محافظة طرابزون
البلدتركيا
المنطقةشرق البحر الأسود
المنطقة الفرعيةطرابزون
أكبر المدنطرابزون
Government
 • الدائرة الانتخابيةطرابزون
 • الواليإسماعيل أسطى‌أوغلو
Area
 • الإجمالي
6٬685 كم² (2٬581 ميل²)
Population
 (2018)
 • الإجمالي
807٬903
 • Density120/km2 (310/sq mi)
Area code0462
Vehicle registration61

محافظة طرابزون Trabzon Province (تركية: Trabzon ili)، هي إحدى محافظات تركيا، وتقع على ساحل البحر الأسود. تقع المحافظة في منطقة استراتيجية، فطرابزون هي إحدى قدم الموانئ التجارية في الأناضول.

المقاطعات

تنقسم محافظة طرابزون إلى 18 مقاطعة (المقاطعة العاصمة خط عريض):

التاريخ

Sümela Monastery on the Pontic Mountains, near Maçka
A traditional rural Pontic house in Livera village, Maçka district
Uzungöl village and lake in Çaykara
Another village in Çaykara
A traditional house in Çaykara

Remarkably attractive throughout its history, Trabzon was the subject of hundreds of travel books by western travellers, some of whom had named it "city of tale in the East." The capital city Trabzon was founded, as Trapezus, by Greek colonists from Sinope, modern Sinop, Turkey. Starting from the 9th century BC, the city had also been mentioned by historians such as Homeros, Herodotus, Hesiodos. The first written source regarding Trabzon is Anabasis, authored by Xenophon.

An important Roman and Byzantine centre, it was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond from 1204 to 1461. Trabzon was subsequently made part of the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet the Conqueror. After the region was conquered in 1461, the Fatih Medrese (1462), Hatuniye Medrese (1515), İskender Pasha Medrese (1529) and Hamza Pasha Medrese (1543) were established as important medreses (educational centers; some of them within külliye complexes) of the period.[1] It was initially a sanjak before gaining the status of eyalet, and finally became a vilayet in 1868.

The province was a site of major fighting between Ottoman and Russian forces during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, which resulted in the capture of the city of Trabzon by the Russian army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich in April 1916. The province was restored to Turkish control in early 1918 following Russia's exit from World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.


1914-1923: Turkish Genocide of Pontic Greeks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontic_Greek_genocide. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


In Turkey

In September 1935 the third Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM) was created.[2] Its creation was based on the Law 1164 from June 1927,[3] which was passed in order to Turkefy the population.[4] The Trabzon province was included in this area. The third UM span over the provinces of Erzurum, Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Kars, Gümüşhane, Erzincan and Ağrı. It was governed by an Inspector General seated in the city of Erzurum.[2][5] The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.[6]

Archaeology

In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of Roman and Byzantine period archeological remains in the Ortahisar district. The southern part of the wicker columns and fortifications of the Roman emperor Hadrian's period, trench walls of Byzantine period dating back to 1460 have been discovered. Remains of Roman tiles and pottery were also discovered during the excavations. According to the Trabzon City Municipality, the excavation area is planned to be turned into an open-air museum.[7][8][9]

معالم

التاريخ السكاني

  • 2000 - 979,081
  • 1997 - 858,687
  • 1990 - 795,849
  • 1985 - 786,194
  • 1980 - 731,045
  • 1975 - 719,008
  • 1970 - 659,120
  • 1965 - 595,782
  • 1960 - 532,999
  • 1955 - 462,249
  • 1950 - 420,279
  • 1945 - 395,733
  • 1940 - 390,733
  • 1935 - 360,679
  • 1927 - 290,303

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Trabzon history Archived 2008-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ أ ب "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Dergipark. p. 2. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  3. ^ Aydogan, Erdal. "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  4. ^ Üngör, Umut. "Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950" (PDF). University of Amsterdam. pp. 244–247. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  5. ^ Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law (in الإنجليزية). Routledge. pp. 139–141. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
  6. ^ Fleet, Kate; Kunt, I. Metin; Kasaba, Reşat; Faroqhi, Suraiya (2008-04-17). The Cambridge History of Turkey (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
  7. ^ Şafak, Yeni (2021-04-10). "Otopark projesi için yapılan kazı sırasında bulundu: Açık hava müzesi olacak". Yeni Şafak (in التركية). Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  8. ^ SAYKAL/TRABZON, (DHA), Selay. "Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in التركية). Retrieved 2021-04-14.
  9. ^ "Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2021-04-14.

وصلات خارجية

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