بوصاصو

Coordinates: 11°10′N 49°07′E / 11.17°N 49.11°E / 11.17; 49.11
بوصاصو
Boosaaso
بندر قاسم ، Bosaso
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الموقع في الصومال
الموقع في الصومال
بوصاصو is located in الصومال
بوصاصو
Location in Somalia
الإحداثيات: 11°10′N 49°07′E / 11.17°N 49.11°E / 11.17; 49.11
Country الصومال
Regional State أرض البنط
RegionBari
DistrictBosaso
Founded14th century
الحكومة
 • العمدةعبد السلام بشير عبد السلام
المساحة
 • الإجمالي12 كم² (5 ميل²)
المنسوب
15 m (49 ft)
التعداد
 (2017)
 • الإجمالي190٬000
 • الكثافة16٬000/km2 (41٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+3 (EAT)
ClimateBWh
الموقع الإلكترونيbosasomunicipality.com

بوصاصو بالإنجليزية Bosaso بالصومالية Boosaaso واسمها التاريخي هو "بندر قاسم"، هي ثالث أكبر مدينة في الصومال، وتقع في شمال شرق مقاطعة باري (gobol) of Somalia. It is the seat of the Bosaso District. وتعتبر الميناء الرئيسي في لإقلم پونتلاند. وتقع على الشاطئ الجنوبي من خليج عدن.[1]

The city has a diverse economy centred on education, government, banking, tourism, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, health care, hospitality, retail and technology. The area's many colleges and universities make it a regional hub of higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, business and entrepreneurship.[1]

التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: التاريخ البحري للصومال

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea indicates that Ancient Greek merchants sailed to Bosaso, providing notes about the strategic and geographical location of the current Bosaso area, which was known as Mosylon in ancient times.

About 3+1⁄2 hours' walk from Bet Qasim, we came to Bander Kasin (also called by the Arabs: the native name is Bosaso), which was built about sixty years ago. The Kaptallah was considered as first settlers. [2]قالب:Fv

Overview of Bosaso

For centuries the city was among the areas ruled by Dishiishe clan. [3] later forming a part of Italian Somaliland.[4] The town would eventually be administered through the official Bari region in the post-independence period.

Bosaso's population is estimated at 700,000 residents. It is the third largest city in Somalia after Mogadishu and Hargeisa.[5] While Bosaso is a melting pot, with residents hailing from all the major clans of Somalia, most of its population is from the Harti confederation of Darod sub-clans.[5]

Bosaso was previously known as Bandar Qasim, a name derived from a local trader of the same name who is said to have first settled in the area during the 14th century. It is believed that Qasim's favourite camel was called Boosaas, from which derived the current name of the town. The town was thus first called Bandar Qassim after its founder ("Qasim's town"), then later dubbed Bosaso after its founder's trusted camel. Historically, Bosaso has been a Harti stronghold, and evolved as a coastal town.[6]

Near Bosaso, at the end of the Baalade valley, lies a 2-إلى-3-كيلومتر-long (1.2-إلى-1.9-ميل) earthwork.[7][8] Local tradition recounts that the massive embankment marks the grave of a community matriarch. It is the largest such structure in the wider Horn region.[8][5][9][10][11][12]

الاقتصاد

Bosaso is a city that is experiencing rapid growth. Prior to the Somali civil war, it had a population of under 50,000 inhabitants. Since the conflict, Somalis belonging to the Harti Darod sub-clans began migrating back to their ancestral areas of Puntland.[13] As a consequence of these migrations, Bosaso's population and the local housing industry have grown tremendously.

ملف:Amalbanpun.jpg
An Amal Bank branch in Bosaso

In December 2011, a new commercial market opened in Bosaso's northern Dayaha ("Star") neighborhood, near the port. Approximately واحد من اثنان كيلومتر (550 yd) in size, it was designed to ensure easy vehicle access. The market is the result of careful planning between Puntland government officials and civil society representatives.[14] In September 2013, Puntland Minister of Fisheries Mohamed Farah Adan also announced that the Ministry in conjunction with the FAO would open a new fish market in the city, complete with modern refrigerators.[15]

Bosaso is home to Golis Telecom Somalia, the largest telecommunications operator in northeastern Somalia. Founded in 2002 with the objective of supplying the country with GSM mobile services, fixed line and internet services, it has an extensive network that covers all of the nation's major cities and more than 40 districts in both Puntland and Somaliland.[16] According to The Economist, Golis offers one of the cheapest international calling rates on the planet, at US$0.2 less than anywhere else in the world.[17] In addition, Netco has its headquarters in the city. Other telecommunication firms serving the region include Telcom and NationLink.

In September 2013, Puntland Deputy Minister of Environment Burhan Elmi Hirsi also announced a plan by the Puntland government to establish a gas manufacturing plant in Bosaso. The new project is part of a broader campaign by the Puntland environmental authorities to avert deforestation and promote alternative sources of fuel.[18]

ملف:Bosascem2.jpg
Cement making machines on the outskirts of Bosaso

The Hafun Fishing Company was established in 1992 in Bosaso.[19][20] It was named after the northeastern port town of Hafun, where HFC also has an office. The firm exports a wide range of fish products, which it mainly sends to partners in the Middle East. The company is exploring additional global markets for its fish goods. It also maintains commercial interests in Puntland's housing market, which are represented by the firm's growing local real estate sales and development division.[19]

Additionally, the Bosaso Tannery is based in the city. A ten-year-old manufacturing, distributing, wholesale and import/export company, it processes wet salted, dry salted, wet blue, limed, pickled, and air/frame dried sheep and goat hides and skin.[21] Principle wet blue exports are to Turkey, Pakistan, India and China.[21] Raw camel hides and sheep and goat skin are also exported to the United Arab Emirates.[22]

النقل

The Bender Qassim International Airport in 2007, prior to renovations

Bosaso is traversed by a 750-كيلومتر (470 mi) north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of the country, such as Galkayo and Garowe, with towns in the south.[23] In June 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) launched an upgrade and repair project on the large thoroughfare between Bosaso and Garowe.[24] The transportation body also began rehabilitation work in October 2012 on the central artery linking the city with Qardho.[25] Additionally, plans are in the works to construct new roads connecting littoral towns in the region to the main highway.[24] In June 2014, Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali along with Bosaso Mayor Hassan Abdallah Hassan and other state officials also inaugurated a new 5.9-كيلومتر (3.7 mi) paved road in the city. The construction project leads to the Bosaso seaport, and was completed in conjunction with UNHABITAT. According to Ali, his administration plans to invest at least 23 million Euros in contributions from international partners in similar road infrastructure development initiatives.[26]

The city has a major seaport, the Port of Bosaso. It was constructed during the mid-1980s by the Siad Barre administration for annual livestock shipments to the Middle East. In January 2012, a renovation project was launched, with KMC contracted to upgrade the Bosaso Port's harbor. The initiative's first phase saw the clean-up of unwanted materials from the dockyard and was completed within the month. The second phase involves the reconstruction of the port's adjoining seabed, with the objective of accommodating larger ships.[27]

Besides its busy seaport, Bosaso has a major airport, the Bender Qassim International Airport. In 2008, the Puntland government signed a multimillion-dollar deal with Dubai's Lootah Group, a regional industrial group operating in the Middle East and Africa. According to the agreement, the first phase of the investment is worth Dhs170m ($46.28m) and will see a set of new companies established to operate, manage and build Bosaso's free trade zone and sea and airport facilities. The Bosaso Airport Company is slated to develop the airport complex to meet international standards, including a new 3.4-كيلومتر (2.1 mi) runway, main and auxiliary buildings, taxi and apron areas, and security perimeters.[28] In December 2014, the foundation stone for a new runway was also laid at the airport. The China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation is now slated to upgrade the airport's existing gravel runway, pave it with asphalt, and convert it from 1.8 إلى 2.65 km (1.12 إلى 1.65 ميل) in accordance with the code 4C operations clause.[29]

السياحة في بوصاصو

تتمتع بوصاصو بشاطئ رائع ومياه بلورية مليئة بالشعاب المرجانية الخلابة. وكذلك يوجد في البلدة العديد من المقاهي ومقاهي الإنترنت. ويوجد الكثير من الفنادق وأشهرهم هو فندق جوبا.

بوصاصو لها قناة تلفزيونية خاصة بها إسمها SBC TV ومحطة إذاعية إسمها ETN TV.

من أحسن شهور السنة هو ما بين شهر سبتمبر وشهر مايو في خلال الموسم الممطر. وترتفع درجة الحرارة خلال أشهر الصيف. وتحاط بوصاصو بالجبال والبحيرات والأراضي الخضراء المليئة بالحياة البرية.

مدينة بوصاصو


ميناء بوصاصو

ميناء بوصاصو
رئيس إقليم أرض البنط، عبد ولي محمد علي گاس (وسط) ورئيس مجلس ادارة شركة دبي العالمية للموانئ سلطان أحمد بن سليم يوقعان اتفاقية دارة ميناء بوصاصو، في دبي في 6 أبريل، 2017.

في 6 أبريل 2017، وقعت شركة دبي العالمية للموانئ اتفاقاً مع حكومة أرض البنط لإدارة ميناء بوصاصو.[30]

سيارة المدير المالطي المغتال. 4 فبراير 2019

وفي 4 فبراير 2019، اغتال تنظيم الشباب المدير المالطي لميناء بوصاصو بأرض البنط، التابع لشركة دبي العالمية للموانئ، وعشرة أفراد من المارة بتفجير أثناء تواجده في حي حمروين، بمقديشو.[31]

القواعد العسكرية الأجنبية

في 14 نوفمبر 2022 وصلت قوات إماراتية مدينة بوصاصو في ولاية بونتلاند الصومالية بعد أن تمت الموافقة على بناء قاعدة عسكرية في مدينة علولة.[32] وستكون هذه القاعدة العسكرية الثالثة للإمارات التي تتمركز في الصومال، إذ أن للإمارات العربية المتحدة قاعدة أقدم في مدينة بوصاصو‎، وقاعدة أخرى في مدينة بربرة بإقليم "أرض الصومال".[33]


التعليم

Entrance to East Africa University's Bosaso campus

Bosaso has a number of academic institutions. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there are 74 primary schools in the Bosaso District. Among these are the Iftin School, Alfurqan, Umul-Qura and Garisa.[34] Secondary schools in the area include Hamdan, Shafi'i, Ughaz Yasin, Najah, Bosaso and Haji Yasin.[35]

Tertiary education is provided by Bosaso College (BC),[36] as well as the Puntland Nursing Institute (PNI). East Africa University (EAU) also has a Bosaso branch, one of its seven campuses in Puntland.[37] Additionally, the Sam Greathouse School of Modern Technology (SG-SMT) has been working with the local government to construct a large scale dial-up network linking Bosaso to other northern Somali cities, including Berbera and Las Anod.[بحاجة لمصدر]

المدن الشقيقة

On 12 August 2016 Mayor Yasin Mire Mohamud of Bosaso and Mayor Betsy Hodges of Minneapolis jointly signed the memorandum of understanding that formalizes the Sister City relationship, the agreement was previously approved by Minneapolis council later embraced by Bosaso local council.

البلد المدينة
 الولايات المتحدة Minneapolis seal.png مينياپوليس[38]

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب "Bosaso Municipality - Districts". Bosaso Municipality. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  2. ^ "Internet History Sourcebooks Project: Ancient History". sourcebooks.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  3. ^ La Migiurtinia Ed Il Territorio Del Nugál. p. 57.
  4. ^ Fergusson, James (2013-05-01). The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia (in الإنجليزية). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306821585.
  5. ^ أ ب ت "Bosaso, Somalia" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2014.
  6. ^ "Historical Background". Biyokulule. Retrieved Jan 19, 2024.
  7. ^ Hodd, Michael (1994). East African Handbook. Trade & Travel Publications. p. 640. ISBN 0844289833.
  8. ^ أ ب Ali, Ismail Mohamed (1970). Somalia Today: General Information. Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Somali Democratic Republic. p. 295.
  9. ^ S. B. Miles, On the Neighbourhood of Bunder Marayah, Vol. 42, (Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the institute of British Geographers): 1872), p.61-63.
  10. ^ Bile Dubbe, Maxamuud. "Taariikh Nololeedkii Ugaas Yassin Ugaas Cabdiraxmaan". Somalitalk (in الصومالية). Retrieved January 1, 2002.
  11. ^ International Labour Office; League of Nations (1956). Record of proceedings. International Labour Office. p. 249.
  12. ^ H. E. Hagi Bashir Ismail Yousuf Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "President Farole - the Pride of Puntland". Garoweonline.com. 2010-05-12. Archived from the original on 2010-06-19. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  14. ^ "Somalia: New market opens in Bossaso". Garowe Online. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  15. ^ "Somalia: Puntland to open maritime training schools". Garowe Online. 10 September 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  16. ^ "Golis Telecom Somalia Profile". Golis Telecom website. Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  17. ^ "Somalia calling; Mobile phones.(Golis Telecom Somalia)". Economist. 2005-12-20. Retrieved 2005-12-20.
  18. ^ "Somalia: Puntland rolls out new measures to avert deforestation". Garowe Online. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
  19. ^ أ ب "Hafun Fishing Company". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  20. ^ "Hafun Fishing". Hotfrog. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  21. ^ أ ب "Bosaso Tannery". International Trade Centre. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  22. ^ "Bosaso Tannery". Gulf Business. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  23. ^ The First 100 Days in Office[Usurped!]
  24. ^ أ ب "Puntland to upgrade Bosaso-Garowe highway". Sabahi. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  25. ^ "Puntland to rehabilitate Bosaso-Qardo road". Sabahi. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  26. ^ "Somalia: Puntland President inaugurates new paved road in Bossaso Port City". Garowe Online. 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  27. ^ "Somalia: Bossaso port renovation project completes first phase". Garowe Online. 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  28. ^ "Government of Punt Land State of Somalia, Lootah Investment sign strategic agreements worth Dhs170m". Ameinfo.com. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  29. ^ "Somalia: Puntland President lays foundation stone for Bossaso airport runway". Garowe Online. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  30. ^ رويترز (2017-04-06). "somalia: Puntland signs deal to develop Bosaso Port with Dubai's P&O Ports". garoweonline.
  31. ^ رويترز (2019-02-04). "Somalia: Car bomb kills 11 at shopping mall in Mogadishu". indianexpress.
  32. ^ هبة شوكري
  33. ^ سبوتنك
  34. ^ "Puntland - Primary schools". Ministry of Education of Puntland. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  35. ^ "Puntland - Secondary schools". Ministry of Education of Puntland. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  36. ^ "Bosaso College". Bosasocollege.com. Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
  37. ^ "A programme for improving governance, leadership and management capacity of the three health authorities in Somalia". Mannion Daniels Limited. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  38. ^ "Minneapolis City Council Approves New Sister City In Somalia". CBS. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
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