لزگ (شعب)

لزگي Lezgi
Lezgijar/Лезгияр
Lezgin map.png
المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة
 روسيا
473,722
385,240[1]
 أذربيجان180,300 to 364 000[2][3]
 تركمنستان16,000
 أوكرانيا4,349
 اوزبكستان4,300
 قزخستان3,481
 قيرغيزستان2,603
 تركيا2,000–10,000
 بلاروس404
 لاتڤيا280
 إستونيا121
 لتوانيا82
 مولدوڤا74
 جورجيا44–2,900
اللغات
اللزگية
الدين
أقلية سنية، وشيعية[4]
الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة
Tabasarans، آغول، روتول، بودوخ، Kryts، تساخور، Archi، شاهداغ، أودي، وشعوب شمال شرق القوقاز الأخرى

لِزگ (Lezgian: лезгияр, lezgiyar، بالروسية: лезгины، lezginy؛ إنگليزية: Lezgians، ويُدعَون أيضاً لزگين Lezgins، لزگي، لزگيّون) هم جماعة عرقية لزگية موطنها في لزگيا الواقعة في جنوب داغستان وشمال شرق أذربيجان ويتكلمون اللغة اللزگية.

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اسم العرق

لزگي، بريشة تيودور هورشلت، 1896.
الشعب اللزگي
Lezgian people dancing the Lezginka circa 1900
Russian artist Vasily Vereshchagin's painting of the Lezgians dancing after visiting southern Dagestan (1867)

أصل اسم العرق لِزگ يتطلب المزيد من البحث. إلا أن معظم الباحثين يعتبرونه صرف من كلمة "لِگي" القديمة وكلمة لـَكزي في مطلع العصور الوسطى.

Modern-day Lezgins speak Northeast Caucasian languages that have been spoken in the region before the introduction of Indo-European languages. They are closely related, both culturally and linguistically, to the Aghuls of southern Dagestan and, somewhat more distantly, to the Tsakhurs, Rutuls, and Tabasarans (the northern neighbors of the Lezgins). Also related, albeit more distantly, are the numerically small Jek, Kryts, Shahdagh, Budukh, and Khinalug peoples of northern Azerbaijan. These groups, together with the Lezgins, form the Samur branch of the indigenous Lezgic peoples.

Lezgins are believed to descend partly from people who inhabited the region of southern داغستان in the Bronze Age. However, there is some DNA evidence of significant admixture during the last 4,000 years with a Central Asian population, as shown by genetic links to populations throughout Europe and Asia, with notable similarities to the Burusho of Pakistan.[7]

Prior to the Russian Revolution, the Lezgins did not have a common self-designation as an ethnic group. They referred to themselves by village, region, religion, clan, or free society. Before the revolution, the Lezgins were called "Kyurintsy", "Akhtintsy", or "Lezgintsy" by the Russians. The ethnonym "Lezgin" itself is quite problematic. Prior to the Soviet period, the term "Lezgin" was used in different contexts. At times, it referred only to the people known today as Lezgins. At others, it referred variously to all of the peoples of southern Daghestan (Lezgin, Aghul, Rutul, Tabasaran, and Tsakhur); all of the peoples of southern Daghestan and northern Azerbaijan (Kryts Jek, Khinalug, Budukh, Shahdagh); all Nakh-Daghestani peoples; or all of the indigenous Muslim peoples of the Northeast Caucasian peoples (Caucasian Avars, Dargwa, Laks, Chechens, and Ingush). In reading pre-Revolutionary works, one must be aware of these different possible meanings and the scope of the ethnonym "Lezgin".


التاريخ

The Iranian-ruled administrative division of the Derbent khanate included many of the Lezgins until its occupation and dissolution by the Russians as a result of the Russo-Persian Wars of the 19th century.


انظر أيضاً


الهامش

  1. ^ "Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации согласно переписи аселения 2010 года". gks.ru. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
  2. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lez
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة azeristats
  4. ^ "The Role of Ethnic Minorities in Border Regions: Forms of their composition, problems of development and political rights". Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  5. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة JM
  6. ^ Ethnologue report for Lezgi
  7. ^ New York Times, 2014, "Genetic Mixing" (February 13; interactive). (Access: October 15 2014).

ببليوگرافيا

  • Minahan, J. (2002) Encyclopaedia of stateless nations: L-R, Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313321115.
  • Yarshater, E. (1983) The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume One, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-20092-X.

قالب:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan

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