محافظة خوزستان

Coordinates: 31°19′38″N 48°41′38″E / 31.3273°N 48.6940°E / 31.3273; 48.6940
(تم التحويل من خوزستان)
"Beth Huzaye" redirects here. For the diocese of the Church of the East, see Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province).
Khūzestān Province
استان خوزستان (فارسي)
Province
Counties of Khuzestan Province
Counties of Khuzestan Province
Location of Khuzestan Province in Iran
Location of Khuzestan Province in Iran
Coordinates: 31°19′38″N 48°41′38″E / 31.3273°N 48.6940°E / 31.3273; 48.6940
Country إيران
RegionRegion 4
CapitalAhvaz
Counties27
Government
 • GovernorGholamreza Shariati
Area
 • Total
64٬055 كم² (24٬732 ميل²)
Population
 • Estimate 
(2020[1])
4٬936٬000
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+04:30 (IRST)
Main language(s)Persian, Khuzestani Arabic, Bakhtiari, Persian dialects of Khuzestan, Qashqai, Armenian
HDI (2017)0.802[2]
very high · 12th

محافظة خوزستان هي إحدى محافظات إيران الثلاثين ومركزها مدينة الأحواز (باللغة فارسية: اهواز). كما أنها تضم مدن رئيسية أخرى مثل عبادان (باللغة فارسية: آبادان)، سوسنگرد، دزفول، مسجد سليمان، بهبهان، الحويزة (هویزه)، محمرة (خرمشهر) و غيرها. معظم سكانها من العرب، لكن لم تحاول إيران توطين الفرس في المدن وإعطائهم الأولوية في كل الوظائف والمناصب كما فعل البعثيون مع الشيعه والاكراد في العراق. تعتبر هذه المحافظة من أفقر محافظات إيران رغم أنها مصدر النفط والثروات. وهي جزء من إقليم الأحواز (عربستان). يوجد فيها مطار محلي هو مطار الأحواز.

Khuzestan comprises much of what historians refer to as ancient Elam, whose capital was at Susa. It was once one of the most important regions in the Ancient Near East. In modern Iran, there has been episodic conflict between the province's Arab population and the central government. In 1982, an Iraqi invasion of Khuzestan was defeated at the Battle of Khorramshahr. Containing Iran's largest oil field, it is a key

أصل الاسم

The Old Persian word Hūjiya "Elam"[3] appears abundantly in many texts and on Achaemenid inscriptions at Naqsh-e Rustam,[4] and on Darius's epigraphs at Persepolis and Susa among others.[5] Hūjiya, or its Greek counterpart Uxi,[6] were names used to refer to the land or the peoples inhabiting Susiana. In Middle Persian, Hūjiya "Elam, Susiana Province" became Huź "Susiana", and the modern form of this word is Xuz.[3] The Hūjiya are the Shushan of Hebrew sources, a borrowing from Elamite Šuša. In Middle Persian, the term evolved into "Khuz" and "Kuzi." The pre-Islamic Partho-Sasanian inscriptions give the province the name Khwuzestan. The name of the city of Ahvaz also has the same origin as the name Khuzestan, being an Arabic broken plural from the compound name, Suq al-Ahvaz 'Market of the Huzi'. This was the medieval name of the town that replaced the pre-Islamic name.[citation needed]

The entire province was still known as "the Khudhi" or "the Khuji" until the reign of the Safavid king Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576) and, in general, the course of the 16th century. The southern half of the province—south, southwest of the Ahvaz Ridge, had come by the 17th century to be known, at least to the imperial Safavid chancery, as Arabistan. A contemporaneous history, the Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi by Iskandar Beg Munshi, written during the reign of Abbas the Great (r. 1588–1629), regularly refers to the southern part of Khuzestan as "Arabistan". The northern half continued to be called Khuzestan. In 1925, the entire province regained its old name, and the term Arabistan was dropped.[citation needed]

There is also a very old folk etymology which maintains the word "khuz" stands for sugar and "Khuzi" for people who make raw sugar. The province has been a cane sugar-producing area since the late Sassanian times, such as the sugar cane fields of the Dez River side in Dezful. Khuzhestanis cultivate sugarcane even today in Haft Tepe. The province's name in Syriac is Beth Huzaye.[citation needed]

التاريخ

Antiquity

The ziggurat of Choqa Zanbil in Khuzestan was a magnificent structure of the Elamite Empire. Khuzestan's Elamites formed the first empire within the territory of present-day Iran, which was later supplanted by Semitic, Greek, and Persian empires.

The province of Khuzestan is one of the centres of ancient civilization, and one of the most important regions of the Ancient Near East, based around Susa. The first large scale empire based here was that of the powerful 4th millennium BC Elamites.

Archeological ruins verify the entire province of Khuzestan to be home to the Elamite civilization, a non-Semitic, and non-Indo-European-speaking kingdom, and the earliest civilization of within the borders of what would later be called Persia.[7] The name Khuzestan is derived from the Elamite (ʰŪvja), likely pronounced /xuʒa/, later Middle Persian Hūzīg, Arabic al-Xūzīya.[8][9]

In fact, in the words of Elton L. Daniel, the Elamites were "the founders of the first 'Iranian' empire in the geographic sense."[10] Hence the central geopolitical significance of Khuzestan, the seat of Iran's first empire.[7]

In 640 BC, the Elamites were defeated by Ashurbanipal, coming under the rule of the Assyrian Empire who brought destruction upon Susa and Chogha Zanbil. After the death of Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian Empire began to experience internal conflict, which was quietly taken advantage of by the Medes who had hitherto been subjects of Assyria. During the reign of the Median Cyaxares (625-585 BCE), Elam was incorporated into the Median Empire, but in 538 BC, the Persian Cyrus the Great who established the Achaemenid Empire, was able to conquer the Elamite lands from the Medes. The Persians regarded highly of Elam and the city of Susa was proclaimed as one of the Achaemenid capitals. Darius I then erected a grand palace known as Apadana there in 521 BC.

In 331 BC, following Achaemenid defeat at the Battle of the Uxian Defile, Susa was conquered by Alexander the Great, and a year later in 330 BC after suffering defeat at the Battle of the Persian Gate, Persia (the Achaemenid Empire) was conquered by the Macedonian Empire. The Susa weddings was arranged by Alexander in 324 BC in Susa, where mass weddings took place between the Persians and the Macedonians.[11] After Alexander, the Seleucid dynasty came to rule the area.

As the Seleucid dynasty weakened, Mehrdad I the Parthian (171–137 BC), gained ascendency over the region.

Over centuries, Elam culture and peoples eventually were absorbed into these later Indo-European migrating populations. Speakers of the Elamite languages may have persisted in isolated regions of Khuzestan up until the 10th century by servants based on interpretations of a Xūzī language reported in Arab sources. Now Elamite is extinct.[12]

Sassanid period

In 224, after the Parthians suffered defeat at the Battle of Hormozdgan, the Sassanids established control over the area. The Sassanids were responsible for the many constructions that were erected in Ahvaz, Shushtar, and the north of Andimeshk. During the early years of the reign of the Sassanian Shapur II (AD 309 or 310–379), Arabs crossed the Persian Gulf from Bahrain to "Ardashir-Khora" of Fars and raided the city. In retaliation, Shapur II led an expedition through Bahrain, defeated the combined forces of the Arab tribes of Taghleb, Bakr bin Wael, and Abd Al-Qays and advanced temporarily into Yamama in central Najd. The Sassanids nonetheless resettled the aforementioned tribes in Kerman and Ahvaz. Arabs named Shapur II, as "Shabur Dhul-aktāf" after this battle.[13]

The existence of prominent scientific and cultural centers such as Academy of Gundishapur which gathered distinguished medical scientists from Egypt, the Byzantine Empire, and Rome, shows the importance and prosperity of this region during this era. The Jondi-Shapur Medical School was founded by the order of Shapur I. It was repaired and restored by Shapur II (a.k.a. Zol-Aktaf: "The Possessor of Shoulder Blades") and was completed and expanded during the reign of Anushirvan.

Muslim conquest of Khuzestan

المقالة الرئيسية: Muslim conquest of Khuzestan

Rashidun period

Masjed Jame' Dezful. In spite of devastating damage caused by Iraqi shelling in the Iran–Iraq War, Khuzestan still possesses a rich heritage of architecture from Islamic, Sassanid, and earlier times.

In 639, the Muslim Rashidun Caliphate forces under the command of the Arab Abu Musa al-Ash'ari defeated the Sassanids in Ahvaz and drove the Persian satrap Hormuzan out of the city. Susa later fell, so Hormuzan fled to Shushtar. The Muslims led by Abu Musa thereafter imposed a siege on the Sassanid forces in Shushtar that lasted for 18 months. Shushtar finally fell in 642 and the Muslims subsequently established full control over the area. The Khuzistan Chronicle records that an unknown Arab, living in the city, befriended a man in the army, and dug tunnels through the wall in return for a third of the spoil. The Arabs purged the Nestorians—the Exegete of the city and the Bishop of Hormizd, and all their students—but kept Hormuzan alive.[14]

There followed the conquests of Gundeshapur and of many other districts along the Tigris. The Battle of Nahāvand finally secured Khuzestan for the Muslim armies.[15]

During the Muslim conquest the Sassanids were allied with non-Muslim Arab tribes, which implies that those wars were religious, rather than national. For instance in 633–634, Khaled ibn Walid leader of the Muslim Army, defeated a force of the Sassanids' Arab auxiliaries from the tribes of Bakr, 'Ejl, Taghleb and Namer at 'Ayn Al-Tamr.[16]

The Muslim settlements by military garrisons in southern Iran was soon followed by other types of expansion. Some families, for example, took the opportunity to gain control of private estates.[17] Like the rest of Iran, the Muslim conquest thus brought Khuzestan under the rule of the Arabs of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, until Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, from southeastern Iran, raised the flag of independence once more, and ultimately regained control over Khuzestan, among other parts of Iran, founding the short-lived Saffarid dynasty. From that point on, Iranian dynasties would continue to rule the region in succession as an important part of Iran.

Umayyad and Abbasid periods

In the Umayyad period, large groups of nomads from the Hanifa, Banu Tamim, and Abd al-Qays tribes crossed the Persian Gulf and occupied some of the richest Basran territories around Ahvaz and in Fars during the Second Fitna in 661–665 / 680–684 AD.[18]

During the Abbasid period, in the second half of the 10th century, the Assad tribe, taking advantage of quarrels under the Buwayhids, penetrated into Khuzestan, where a group of Tamim had been living since pre-Islamic times.[citation needed] However, following the fall of the Abbasid dynasty, the flow of Arab immigrants into Persia gradually diminished, but it nonetheless continued. In the latter part of the 16th century, the Bani Kaab (pronounced Chaub in the local Gulf dialect), from Kuwait, settled in Khuzestan.[19] And during the succeeding centuries, more Arab tribes moved from southern Iraq to Khuzestan.[20][21]

Qajar period

ملف:Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg
Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. The shape is an architectural trademark of craftsmen of the province. Daniel's Tomb, located in Khuzestan, has such a shape. The shrine pictured here, belongs to Imamzadeh Hamzeh, located between Mahshahr and Hendijan.

According to C.E. Bosworth in Encyclopædia Iranica, under the Qajar dynasty "the province was known, as in Safavid times, as Arabistan, and during the Qajar period was administratively a governor-generalate." Half of Khuzestan was not known as Arabistan. Khuzestan's northern, more populous parts, with the capital at Shushtar, retained the old name, but also occasionally was incorporated into the district of the Greater Lur due to the large Bakhtiari population in half of Khuzestan.

In 1856, in the course of the Anglo-Persian War over the city of Herat, the British naval forces sailed up the Karun river all the way to Ahvaz. However, in the settlement that followed, they evacuated the province. Some tribal forces, such as those led by Sheikh Jabir al-Kaabi, the Sheikh of Mohammerah, fared better in opposing the invading British forces than those dispatched by the central government, which was quite feeble. But, the point of the invasion of the province and other coastal regions of southern Persia/Iran were to force the evacuation of Herat by the Persians and not the permanent occupation of these regions.

Pahlavi period

للمزيد من المعلومات: Khuzestan conflict

Arab rebellion

In the two decades before 1925, although nominally part of Persian territory, the western part of Khuzestan known as the Emirate of Muhammara functioned for many years effectively as an autonomous emirate known as "Arabistan". The eastern part of Khuzestan was governed by Bakhtiari khans. Following Sheikh Khazʽal Ibn Jabir's rebellion, the western part of Khuzestan's emirate was dissolved by Reza Shah government in 1925, along with other autonomous regions of Persia, in a bid to centralize the state. In response Sheikh Khaz'al of Muhammerah initiated a rebellion, which was suppressed by the Pahlavi government in late 1924 and early 1925. A low level conflict between the central Iranian government and the Arab nationalists of the province continued since.

The name of 'Khuzistan' came to be applied to the entire territory by 1936.[22] Over the next decades of the Pahlavi rule, the province of Khuzestan remained relatively quiet, gaining to hold an important economic and defensive strategic position.

Oil

Oil has been produced commercially in the province since 1908 when the Masjed Soleyman oil field was discovered 50 miles north-east of the provincial capital, Ahvaz.[23] This initiated a period of intense foreign exploration and political involvement, culminating in the discovery in 1953 of a further, much larger, oil field in the region by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The new Ahvaz field entered into production a year later, after the parliamentary regime of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, which had sought to nationalise the oil industry, had been overthrown in a British and United States backed coup d'état in Tehran.[24][25]

In the aftermath of the coup, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi consolidated power and negotiated the Consortium Agreement of 1954.[26] Under the agreement, a consortium of European and American companies, the Iranian Oil Participants (IOP), formally acknowledged ownership of the oil and facilities by that the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), and agreed as the operator to share profits with Iran on a 50–50 basis. The IOP did so, however, on the understanding that the western consortium would "not to open its books to Iranian auditors or to allow Iranians onto its board of directors".[27] The IOP continued to operate until the regime of Ayatollah Khomeini, brought to power in Shia Islamic Revolution in 1979, confiscated their assets.

Despite declining production, the Ahvaz field, owned by NIOC and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), remains the largest oil field and producer in Iran.[28]

Oil production, and related investment, paved the way for the arrival in the province of other Iranian peoples, Persian and non-Persian. In the course of the 20th century, the new immigrants reduced the province's Arab majority to a plurality among its ethnic groups.[29]

Islamic Republic

After the revolution

With the Iranian Revolution taking place in early 1979, minority ethnic rebellions swept the country. In April 1979, there was an uprising in Khuzestan led by the Arab separatist group Arab Political and Cultural Organisation (APCO) which protested the introduction of theocratic rule from Tehran and sought local autonomy or independence.[30]

In the wake of the uprising's suppression, in 1980 a separatist group called the Arab Popular Movement in Arabistan (See Arab separatism in Khuzestan) seized the Iranian Embassy in London, taking 26 hostages. The standoff over their demand for the release of 91 of their comrades held in Iranian jails, ended in the storming of the building by the British SAS, with only one hostage-taker and one embassy staffer surviving.[31] Decrying "the racist rule of Khomeini", APMA threatened further international action but their standing as an internal opposition group compromised by their links to Ba'athist Iraq.[32]

Iran–Iraq war

Iraqi soldiers surrender during the Liberation of Khorramshahr, 1982

During the Iran–Iraq War, Khuzestan was invaded by Iraq. As a result, Khuzestan suffered the heaviest damage and population displacement of all Iranian provinces during the war.[33][34][35] What used to be Iran's largest refinery in Abadan was destroyed, never to fully recover. Many of the famous nakhlestans (palm groves) were annihilated, cities were destroyed, and historical sites were demolished.[36]

Despite leading a Sunni-minority regime, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had been confident that the predominantly Shia Arab population of Khuzestan would react enthusiastically to the prospect of union with Iraq and would undermine the Iranian resistance. However, the Iranians successfully stalled the Iraqi military advance, and eventually opened the window for a counter-offensive. While there were Ahwazi Arab groups ready to cooperate with the invaders, the war "forced Iran to help integrate the Arabs of Khuzestan by publishing Arabic texts" and by placing the defense of Khuzestan at the forefront of national propaganda.[36]

The Battle for Khorramshahr in May 1982, proved to be a turning point in the war and is officially celebrated every year in Iran. The city, which prior to the war had been Iran's most important port, was almost completely destroyed as a result of the scorched earth policy ordered by Saddam Hussein. Iranian forces were able to prevent the Iraqis from attempting to spread the execution of this directive to other major urban centres.[37][38]

Postwar recovery and development of the province was slow. Despite benefiting from abundant natural resources, including oil, Khuzestan has compounding economic, environmental, social, and construction problems. High unemployment, water scarcity, degraded air quality, and lack of civil infrastructure are among the factors that fed popular dissatisfaction.[39][40][41] The frustrations manifested in protests and rallies.[42][33][34][43][44][45]

Arab unrest

In 2005, Ahvaz witnessed a number of bombing incidents which followed upon the violent riots in Ahvaz. Another wave of Arab protests occurred in the Ahvaz and surrounding districts in 2011. The unrest, which marked the anniversary of the 2005 riots, and was interrupted by some as a response to the regional Arab Spring, lasted for 4 days and resulted in the death of more than a dozen protesters.[46][47]

In 2018, Amnesty International reported that the authorities were engaged in a sweeping crackdown against Arab activists. This was in the wake of an armed attack on a military parade in Ahvaz in September, during which at least 24 people, including spectators, were killed.[48] Tehran, meanwhile, has accused Britain, Israel, and Saudi Arabia being behind the violence.[29]

Before the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s, the Arabs of Khuzestan mostly resided in the rural regions along the Karkhe and Karun rivers in the southwest of the province. But after the end of the war, many displaced Arabs were relocated by the government in the urban centres and smaller towns. The previously rural population had to make difficult adjustments with few resources. When in May 2022, a ten-story residential and commercial building collapsed in Abadan, killing at least 41 people,.[49][50] frustrations came to the surface, and there were extensive demonstrations.[51][52][53]

Khuzestan Arabs have complained of discrimination and the lack of linguistic and cultural rights, of poverty ("despite inhabiting the most economically productive part of the country"), of related problems of widespread drug addiction, and of the oil industry's environmental costs (Ahvaz is reputedly the most polluted urban area in the world).[54]

في 24 يوليو 2021، قتل 4 أفراد من الحرس الثوري الإيراني باشتباكات في محافظة سيستان وبلوچستان بجنوب شرقي إيران. وأعلن الحرس الثوري الإيراني عن مقتل عناصره الأربعة، مشيراً إلى أنهم قتلوا باشتباك مع من وصفهم بـ"الأشرار" في منطقة جونيك خاش، على بعد 185 كيلومتراً إلى الجنوب من زاهدان، مركز محافظة سيستان وبلوچستان.[55]

غير أن الحرس الثوري الإيراني لم يكشف عن التفاصيل، وقال إن "تفاصيل هذا الحادث ستعلن في وقت لاحق"، بحسب ما ذكرت وكالة الأنباء الإيرانية "إرنا". وكان ضابط في قوات الأمن الإيرانية قتل في جنوب غربي إيران في وقت سابق. وأعلن المسؤول في إدارة ميناء ماهشهر، بمحافظة خوزستان، فريدون بندري عن مقتل ضابط وإصابة آخر من أفراد وحدة الإغاثة التابعة لقوى الأمن الداخلي في الميناء، مضيفاً أنه قتل "على يد مثيري الشغب". وأوضح بندري أن كوادر وحدة الإغاثة بوغتوا أثناء أداء الواجب و"تعرضوا إلى إطلاق نار من قبل مثيري الشغب من فوق سطح أحد المباني".

2026 U.S.–Israeli airstrikes

المقالة الرئيسية: 2026 Iran war

On 28 February 2026, Israel and the United States launched surprise airstrikes on multiple sites and cities across Iran, killing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and numerous other Iranian officials. On March 12 and 13, the Israel Defense Forces struck multiple internal security sites in Khuzestan Province. Among their reported targets were the provincial headquarters of the Law Enforcement Command and of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps in Ahvaz (hit the week before in an attack claimed by the Arab insurgent group, the Ahwaz Falcons),[56] and the base of the Artesh (Iranian Army) 292nd Armored Brigade in Dezful.[57] On March 11, Iranian authorities announced they had dismantled of an armed cell in Khuzestan, seizing weapons, ammunition and explosives intended for sabotage operations.[58] On March 24, there were further air strikes on energy sites in Khorramshahr.[59]

الجغرافيا

الاقتصاد

توجد في خوزستان عدة معامل وسدود و حقول نفط اضافة إلى ان الزراعة تمثل قسما مهما من ناتج المحافظة.


الزراعة

تعتبر محافظة خوزستان مركزا هاما لزراعة القمح و الرز وقصب السكر كما ان خوزستان مشهورة بزراعة نخيل التمور و تنتشر فيها زراعة الحمضيات .اضافة إلى الزيتون في المناطق الجبلية من الاقليم.


التقسيم الإداري

تنقسم محافظة خوزستان إلى 18 مقاطعة:

  • Izeh
  • خرمشهر
  • Lali
  • مسجد سليمان
  • العميدية
  • رام هرمز
  • شادگان
  • السوس
  • Schuschtar



أشهر مدن خوزستان

جسر على نهر قارون في مدينة الأهواز
المسجد الجامع في ديزفول
زقورات عيلامية، چـُقا زنبيل، التي بنيت في عهد اونتاش ناپيريشا

خرمشهر

خرمشهر، تقع عند مصب نهر كارون في شط العرب. وتبعد عن مد ينة الأحواز ( 120 كم )، وهى ميناء تجاري مهم .

عـبادان

تقع عبادان على شط العرب جنوب المحمرة بحوالي ( 18 كم ) في جزيرة تحيط بها المياه من جميع جهاتها هي جزيرة خضر ، وعـبادان وتسمى ايضا جزيرة المحـرزي ، أما سبب تسميتها بـ( عـبادان ) نسبة إلى القائد العربي عـباد بن الحصين وهو أول من رابط بها ، استبد ل الفرس اسمها العربي إلى التسمية الفارسية ب (آبادان) ، وهى ميناء رئيسي لتصدير نفط الأحواز ( عـربستان ) وفيها أكبر مصفاة للنفط في الشرق الاوسط .


الحويزة

الحويزة أبدل الفرس اسمها العربي إلى ( دشت ميشان ) . وكانت دولة المشعشعين ( وهم من بني هاشم ) قد اتخذتها عاصمة لها عام 1441 م ، وهي موطن قبائل بني طرف ( طي - وهم قبائل حاتم الطائي ) ، وتقع على نهر الكرخة شمال غربي المحمرة بأتجاه محافظة ميسان ( العمارة ) العراقية . يذكر ياقوت الحموي في معجمه ج3 ( ص 373 - 374 ) أن الحويزة تصغير الحوزة وأصلها من حاز يحوز حوزا ، وهو موضع حازه د بيس بن عفيف الأسدي في أيام الطائع لله ونزل فيه وبنى أبنيته . وقد خضعت منطقة البصرة العراقية إلى نفوذ امارة الحويزة في عهد حكم المشعشعين عام 1693 - 1700 م .


تستر

انظر أيضاً: موقعة تستر

تستر أبدل الفرس اسمها إلى ( شوشتر ) ، وهي غوطة الأحواز ( عربستان ) الخصبة ذات المياه الوفيرة .

السوس

السوس أبدل الفرس اسمها إلى ( الشوش ) ، وهي مد ينة تاريخية حضارية يرجع تاريخها إلى خمسة ألآف سنة قـبل الميلا د ، وهي مركز او عاصمة الامبراطورية العيلا مية ومن أثارها مسلة حمورابي التى عـثرت عـليها التنقـيبات الفـرنسية عام 1901 - 1902 في هـذه المد ينة ، آنذالك كانت الدولة السومرية والبابلية والاشورية في العراق ، أما في الأحواز كانت الدولة العيلامية وهذه الدولة هي شقيقة للسومرية والبابلية والاشورية يشكلان حضارة العراق والأحواز في يومنا هذا .كما كانت تسمى السوس في اللغة العيلامية القد يمة سوسيانا ، اي بلاد الشرق . ومن آثارها التاريخية ايضا قلعة العيلاميين التاريخية ومقام نبي دانيال الآثري . مدينة السوس هي عاصمة الأحواز في العهود الاكادية ، والعيلامية ، والسومرية ، والبابلية ، والاشورية، على التوالي .


قـنطرة القلعة

أبدل الفرس اسمها العربي إلى ( دزفول ) او ( دسبول ) ، وتقع على نهر الدز ، وأراضيها عبارة عن تلال متوازية .


الفلاحية

الفلاحية، عربستان تسمى عربيا "الدورق" ايضا ، أبدل الفرس اسمها إلى ( شادكان) ، وهي مركز أمراء الأحواز ( عربستان ) قبل بناء المحمرة وسكنها بنو كعب ، وتقع على نهر الجراحي .


مسجد سليمان

مسجد سليمان تقع في أقصى شرق الأحواز ( عربستان ) وتتركز فيها آبار النفط .


الخفاجية

الخفاجية أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( سوسنكرد ) . سميت أسوة ببني عقيل الكعبيين بابنائها أبناء قبيلة «خفاجة» الشهيرة وكانت تقطن بنواحي الكوفة وبرز وجودها في القرنين الرابع والخامس الهجريين وكون الخفاجيون إمارة في الكوفة سنة 374هـ بزعامة أبو طريف عليان بن ثمال الخفاجي وكان يأتمر بأمر الخليفة العباسي. ومن أمراء خفاجة الذائعين الصيت إلى يومنا هذا حيث يتردد اسمه في الموروث الشعبي هو «عامر الخفاجي» الذي سحره جمال إحدى بنات قبيلة «بني هلال» عند مرورهم بديرته فسافر معهم إلى مصر وتونس وترك أسرته وديار قبيلته وإمارته في بادية السماوة والكوفة. أما في وقتنا الحالي فإن أكثر أفراد قبيلة خفاجة العقيلية الكعبية يسكنون العراق والأحواز «الأهواز» ومصر، ونخوتهم التي ينتخون بها في المعارك هي «أولاد عامر» أو «أولاد عامر الخفاجي» وخفاجة هو اسم امرأة أنجبت أولادا كثرا فتسموا أولادها باسمها حيث يقال لهم «أبناء أو أولاد خفاجة».

قرية الملا

وتسمى عربيا البسيتين ايضا ،أبد ل الفرس اسمها إلى ( بستان ) .


الصالحية

أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( أنديمشك ) .


الأحجار السبعة

أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( هـفـتـكل ) .


الحميدية

أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( فـرح آباد ) .


العـميدية

العميدية أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( اميدية ) لخلو اللغة الفارسية من حرف العين وعدم تمكن الفـرس من تلفـظه .


الخـزعـلية

الخزعلية أبدل الفـرس اسمها إلى ( خـزعـل آباد ) .


ميناء خور عبد الله

خور عبد الله أبدل الفـرس اسمه إلى ( بندر شابور - في عهد الشاهنشاهية - ، أما في الزمن الحالي اطلق عليه بندر خميني ) .

وهـناك مدن أخرى ، منها الفـيلية والد بـيـس ومعـشور وقـلعة الشيـخ والخـلفـية ، وغـيرها .

المصادر

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