نوت جنجرتش

(تم التحويل من Newt Gingrich)
نوت گنگرتش
Newt Gingrich
نوت گنگرتش في مؤتمر 2011 CPAC FL في أورلاندو، فلوريدا.
الناطق بإسم مجلس النواب الأمريكي رقم 58
في المنصب
4 يناير1995 – 3 يناير 1999
الرئيسبيل كلنتون
سبقهتوم فولي
خلـَفهدنيس هاسترت
زعيم الأقلية
في المنصب
20 مارس 1989 – 3 يناير 1995
الزعيمRobert H. Michel
سبقهديك تشيني
خلـَفهديڤد بونيور
عضو مجلس النواب الأمريكي
عن المقاطعة السادسة، جورجيا
في المنصب
3 يناير 1979 – 3 يناير 1999
سبقهجاك فلنت
خلـَفهجوني آيزاكسون
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
نوتن لروي ماك‌فرسون

17 يونيو 1943
هاريسبرگ، پنسلڤانيا
الحزبجمهوري
الزوجJackie Battley (1962–1981)
Marianne Ginther (1981–2000)
Callista Gingrich (2000–present)
الإقامةكارولتون، جورجيا (1979–1993، في المنصب)
ماريتا، جورجيا(1993–1999، في المنصب)
ماك‌لين، ڤيرجينيا (1999–الآن)[1]
المدرسة الأمجامعة إموري (بكالوريوس)
جامعة تولين (الماجستير/الدكتوراة)
الوظيفةسياسي
مؤلف
أستاذ مساعد
التوقيع
This article is part of a series about
Newt Gingrich

نوت ليروي گنگرتش ( Newton Leroy Gingrich ؛ /ˈɡɪŋɡrɪtʃ/; né McPherson ؛ و. 17 يوليو 1943)، هو سياسي، مؤلف، مستشار سياسي، مدرس تاريخ وكان المتحدث في مجلس النواب الأمريكي رقم 58 من 1995 حتى 1999. كان يمثل المقاطعة السادسة في ولاية جورجيا عن الحزب الجمهوري من عام 1979 حتى تركه المنصب في عام 1999. وهو مرشح الجمهوريين في الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 2012.

In the 1970s, Gingrich was a professor of history and geography at the University of West Georgia. He won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 1978, the first Republican in the history of Georgia's 6th congressional district to do so. He served as House minority whip from 1989 to 1995.[3][4] A co-author and architect of the "Contract with America", Gingrich was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. In 1995, Time named him "Man of the Year" for "his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House".[5]

As House Speaker, Gingrich oversaw passage by the House of welfare reform in 1996 and a capital gains tax cut in 1997. Gingrich played a key role in several government shutdowns, and impeached President Bill Clinton on a party-line vote in the House. A disappointing showing by Republicans in the 1998 congressional elections, a reprimand from the House for Gingrich's ethics violation, and pressure from Republican colleagues resulted in Gingrich announcing that he would not run for the speakership in the upcoming Congress, and he resigned from the House on January 3, 1999, the same day his term as speaker ended.[6]

Since leaving the House, Gingrich has remained active in public policy debates and worked as a political consultant. He founded and chaired several policy think tanks, including American Solutions for Winning the Future and the Center for Health Transformation. Gingrich ran for the Republican nomination for president in the 2012 election, and was considered a potential frontrunner at several points in the race.[7] Despite a late victory in the South Carolina primary, Gingrich was ultimately unable to win enough primaries to sustain a viable candidacy. He withdrew from the race in May 2012, and endorsed eventual nominee Mitt Romney. Gingrich later emerged as a key ally of President Donald Trump, and was reportedly among the finalists on Trump's short list for running mate in the 2016 election.[8] Since 2020, Gingrich has supported Trump's claims of a stolen election and of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election.[9]

حياته

عمله السياسي

حملته الانتخابية في الكونگرس

في الكونگرس

ثورة الجمهوريين

للمزيد من المعلومات: ثورة الجمهوريين

In the November 1994 midterm elections, Republicans gained 54 seats and took control of the House for the first time since 1954. Long-time House minority leader Bob Michel of Illinois had not run for re-election, giving Gingrich, the highest-ranking Republican returning to Congress, the inside track at becoming Speaker. The midterm election that turned congressional power over to Republicans "changed the center of gravity" in the nation's capital.[10] Time magazine named Gingrich its 1995 "Man of the Year" for his role in the election.[5]

الناطق بإسم مجلس النواب

المقالة الرئيسية: العقد مع أمريكا
الپورتريه الرسمي للناطق گنگرتش

The House fulfilled Gingrich's promise to bring all ten of the Contract's issues to a vote within the first 100 days of the session. President Clinton called it the "Contract on America".[11]

التشريعات

اصلاح الضمان الاجتماعي

موازنة الميزانية الاتحادية

قانون إغاثة دافعي الضرائب 1997

تشريعات أخرى

اغلاق الحكومة

المقالة الرئيسية: اغلاق الحكومة الفدرالية الأمريكية 1995 و1996
السناتور بوب دول, Vice President Al Gore, President Clinton and Gingrich converge for budget negotiations in December 1995

Gingrich and the incoming Republican majority's promise to slow the rate of government spending conflicted with the president's agenda for Medicare, education, the environment and public health, leading to two temporary shutdowns of the federal government totaling 28 days.[12]

تهم أخلاقية وتوبيخ

Vice President Gore, Gingrich and President Clinton at the 1997 State of the Union Address

Eighty-four ethics charges were filed by Democrats against Gingrich during his term as Speaker. All were eventually dropped except for one: claiming tax-exempt status for a college course run for political purposes.[13] On January 21, 1997, the House officially reprimanded Gingrich (in a vote of 395 in favor, 28 opposed) and "ordered [him] to reimburse the House for some of the costs of the investigation in the amount of $300,000".[14][15][16] It was the first time a Speaker was disciplined for an ethics violation.[16][17]

Additionally, the House Ethics Committee concluded that inaccurate information supplied to investigators on behalf of Gingrich represented "intentional or ... reckless" disregard of House rules.[18] The Ethics Committee's Special Counsel James M. Cole concluded that Gingrich had violated federal tax law and had lied to the ethics panel in an effort to force the committee to dismiss the complaint against him. The full committee panel did not agree whether tax law had been violated and left that issue up to the IRS.[18] In 1999, the IRS cleared the organizations connected with the "Renewing American Civilization" courses under investigation for possible tax violations.[19]

Regarding the situation, Gingrich said in January 1997, "I did not manage the effort intensely enough to thoroughly direct or review information being submitted to the committee on my behalf. In my name and over my signature, inaccurate, incomplete and unreliable statements were given to the committee, but I did not intend to mislead the committee ... I brought down on the people's house a controversy which could weaken the faith people have in their government."[20]


تغيير القيادة

تنحيه

بعد خروجه من المجلس

السياسة

عالم الأعمال

مجموعة گنگرتش ومركز التحويل الصحي

انتاجه

اتصالاته

آخرى

نشاطه السياسي

الانتخابات الرئاسية 2012

المقالة الرئيسية: حملة الانتخابات الرئاسية لنوت گنگرتش، 2012


حياته الشخصية

تزوج جينجريتش ثلاث مرات. في 1962، تزوج جاكي باتلي مدرّسته الثانوية السابقة في الهندسة عندما بلغ 19 سنة وكانت تبلغ 26. وأنجبا ابنتين وهما كيتي جنجريتش لوبرز والتي تشغل منصب رئيسة جنجريتش كميونيكيشنز وجاكي جنجريتش كاشمن وهي كاتبة وكاتبة أعمدة محافظة ومحللة سياسية وأحد كتبها هو "خمس قواعد لحياة ناجحة" والتي ألّفته مع نوت جينجريتش.

في ربيع 1980، هجر جينجريتش زوجته عندما أنشأ علاقة مع ماريان گينثر والتي كانت تصغره بتسع سنوات. في 1984، أخبرت جاكي جينجريتش الواشنطن بوست ان الطلاق كان "مفاجأة تامة" بالنسبة لها. وحسب جاكي، في سبتمبر 1980 زارها جينجريتش وأولادهما عندما كانت في المستشفى تتعافي من الجراحة، وأراد جينجريتش مناقشة بنود طلاقهما. ونفى جينجريتش حدوث ذلك.

مواقفه السياسية

المقالة الرئيسية: المواقف السياسية لنوت گنگرتش

القضية الفلسطينية

وصف گنگرتش الفلسطينيين بأنهم مجموعة إرهابيين وشعب تم اختراعه. وانتقد بسخرية في المقابلة التي أجرتها معه محطة جويش تشانل اليهودية، جهود إدارة الرئيس باراك أوباما لإحلال السلام في الشرق الأوسط. [21]

كتب

غير روائية

Gingrich has authored or co-authored 17 non-fiction books since 1982.

  • The Government's Role in Solving Societal Problems, Associated Faculty Press, Incorporated. January 1982 ISBN 978-0-86733-026-7
  • Window of Opportunity. Tom Doherty Associates, December 1985. ISBN 978-0-312-93923-6
  • Contract with America (co-editor). Times Books, December 1994. ISBN 978-0-8129-2586-9
  • Restoring the Dream. Times Books, May 1995. ISBN 978-0-8129-2666-8
  • Quotations from Speaker Newt. Workman Publishing Company, Inc., July 1995. ISBN 978-0-7611-0092-8
  • To Renew America. Farrar Straus & Giroux, July 1996. ISBN 978-0-06-109539-9
  • Lessons Learned The Hard Way. HarperCollins Publishers, May 1998 ISBN 978-0-06-019106-1
  • Presidential Determination Regarding Certification of the Thirty-Two Major Illicit Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries. DIANE Publishing Company, September 1999. ISBN 978-0-7881-3186-8
  • Saving Lives and Saving Money. Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, April 2003. ISBN 978-0-9705485-4-2
  • Winning the Future. Regnery Publishing, January 2005. ISBN 978-0-89526-042-0
  • Rediscovering God in America: Reflections on the Role of Faith in Our Nation's History and Future, Integrity Publishers, October 2006. ISBN 978-1-59145-482-3
  • The Art of Transformation, with Nancy Desmond. CHT Press, November 29, 2006, ISBN 978-1-933966-00-7
  • A Contract with the Earth, with Terry L. Maple. Johns Hopkins University Press, October 1, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8018-8780-2
  • Real Change: From the World That Fails to the World That Works, Regnery Publishing, January 2008. ISBN 978-1-59698-053-2
  • Drill Here, Drill Now, Pay Less: A Handbook for Slashing Gas Prices and Solving Our Energy Crisis, with Vince Haley. Regnery Publishing, September 2008 ISBN 978-1-59698-576-6
  • 5 Principles for a Successful Life: From Our Family to Yours, with Jackie Gingrich Cushman, Crown Publishing Group, May 2009 ISBN 978-0-307-46232-9
  • To Save America: Stopping Obama's Secular-Socialist Machine, with Joe DeSantis. Regnery Publishing, May 2010 ISBN 978-1-59698-596-4

روائية

Gingrich co-wrote the following alternate history novels and series of novels with William R. Forstchen.

سلاسل الحرب الأهلية

سلاسل حرب المحيط الهادي

سلسلة الحرب الثورية

  • To Try Men's Souls: A Novel of George Washington and the Fight for American Freedom, October 2009, ISBN 978-0-312-59106-9
  • Valley Forge: George Washington and the Crucible of Victory, November 2010, ISBN 978-0-312-59107-6

أفلام

المصادر

  1. ^ Muskal, Michael (June 10, 2011). "Newt Gingrich vows to push on with 'the kind of campaign I want to run[[:قالب:'-]]". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 16, 2011. {{cite news}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  2. ^ "Newt Gingrich: Why I Became Catholic". National Catholic Register. April 26, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |cite= (help)
  3. ^ Patrick, John J.; Pious, Richard M.; Ritchie, Donald A. (July 4, 2001). The Oxford Guide to the United States Government. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 264. ISBN 9780195142730.
  4. ^ "Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: Gingrich, Newton Leroy". bioguide.congress.gov/. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  5. ^ أ ب "Gingrich's Path From 'Flameout' To D.C. Entrepreneur". NPR. December 8, 2011. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  6. ^ "Did Gingrich leave speakership". PolitiFact (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  7. ^ "Gingrich tops polls in Iowa, South Carolina, North Carolina and Colorado". PoconoRecord.com. December 6, 2011. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  8. ^ The Unprecedented 2016 Presidential Election. p. 146. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
  9. ^ Mastrangelo, Dominick (December 22, 2020). "Gingrich won't accept Biden as president, says Democrats, Republicans 'live in alternative worlds'". The Hill (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  10. ^ "Man of the Year 1995". Time. 1995. Archived from the original on March 12, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
  11. ^ "ASNE—Luncheon address by President Bill Clinton". Asne.org. April 13, 2000. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  12. ^ Fram, Alan (November 13, 1995). "Clinton vetoes borrowing bill—government shutdown nears as rhetoric continues to roil". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  13. ^ Anderson, Curt (October 11, 1998). "Ethics committee drops last of 84 charges against Gingrich". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 17, 2000.
  14. ^ "In the Matter of Representative Newt Gingrich (Report 105-1)". House Select Committee on Ethics. January 17, 1997. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  15. ^ Yang, John E. & Dewar, Helen (January 18, 1997). "Ethics Panel Supports Reprimand of Gingrich". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  16. ^ أ ب Yang, John E. (January 22, 1997). "House Reprimands, Penalizes Speaker". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived from the original on May 25, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  17. ^ Clymer, Adam (January 22, 1997). "House, in a 395–28 vote, reprimands Gingrich". The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
  18. ^ أ ب Yang, John E.; Dewar, Helen (January 18, 1997). "Ethics Panel Supports Reprimand of Gingrich". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2006.
  19. ^ Rosenbaum, David E. (February 4, 1999). "I.R.S. Clears Foundation Linked to Gingrich's Ethics Dispute". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  20. ^ Clymer, Adam (December 22, 1996). "Panel Concludes Gingrich Violated Rules on Ethics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  21. ^ مرشح جمهوري امريكي يقول الفلسطينيون شعب "تم اختراعه" 11.12.2011
  22. ^ "Nine Days that Changed the World". Nine Days that Changed the World. Retrieved 2011-12-03.

؛ كتب

  • Fenno Jr., Richard F. (2000). Congress at the Grassroots: Representational Change in the South, 1970–1998. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-4855-7.
  • Strahan, Randall (2007). Leading Representatives: The Agency of Leaders in the Politics of the U.S. House. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8691-0.

؛ صحف

  • Little, Thomas H. (1998). "On the Coattails of a Contract: RNC Activities and Republicans Gains in the 1994 State Legislative Elections". Political Research Quarterly. 51 (1): 173–190.

وصلات خارجية

مناصب حزبية
سبقه
ديك تشيني 		Minority Whip of the House of Representatives
1989–1995 		تبعه
توم دلاي
مجلس النواب الأمريكي
سبقه
Jack Flynt 		عضو مجلس النواب الأمريكي
عن دائرة الكونگرس رقم 6 بولاية جورجيا
1979–1999 		تبعه
Johnny Isakson
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
توم فولي 		المتحدث باسم مجلس النواب الأمريكي
1995–1999 		تبعه
دنيس هاسترت
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=نوت_جنجرتش&oldid=4235146"