مولان، ألييه

مولان
Prefecture and commune
صورة جوية لكاتدرائية نوتردام وكنيسة القلب المقدس في مولان، 2006
Coat of arms
Location of مولان
مولان مولان
الإحداثيات: 46°33′55″N 3°20′00″E
البلد	فرنسا
المنطقة	أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
الإقليم	ألييه
الدائرة	مولان
الكانتون	Moulins-1 Moulins-2
بين‌التجمعات	Moulins Communauté
الحكومة
• العمدة (2014-2020)	Pierre-André Périssol (LR)
المساحة 1	8٫61 كم² (3٫32 ميل²)
التعداد  (يناير 2019)	19٬246
• الكثافة	2٬200/km2 (5٬800/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي	03190 /03000
المنسوب	202–240 m (663–787 ft) (avg. 220 m or 720 ft)
الموقع الإلكتروني	ville-moulins.fr
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

مولان (Moulins ؛ بالفرنسية: [mu.lɛ̃]; أوكسيتان: Molinscode: oc is deprecated ) is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the Allier River.

Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum and The National Center of Costume and Scenography.

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 الجغرافيا

تقع مولان على ضفاف نهر ألييه.

 التاريخ

منظر من مولان

Before the French Revolution, Moulins was the capital of the province of Bourbonnais and the seat of the Dukes of Bourbon. It appears in documented records at least as far back as the year 990. In 1232, Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon granted a franchise to the village's inhabitants.

The town achieved greater prominence in 1327, when Charles IV elevated Louis I de Clermont to Duke of Bourbon. Either Louis or the later Peter II, Duke of Bourbon and of Auvergne moved the capital of the province from Bourbon-l'Archambault to Moulins.

Note: This article in French suggests Pierre II moved the capital, while the local tourism website (also in French) suggests it was Louis I.

In February 1566 it became eponymous to the Edict of Moulins, an important royal ordinance dealing with many aspects of the administration of justice and feudal and ecclesiastical privilege, including limitations on the appanages held by French princes, abrogation of the levy of rights of tallage claimed by seigneurs over their dependants, and provisions for a system of concessions on rivers.

This was the birthplace of the great 19th-century operatic baritone and art collector Jean-Baptiste Faure. In the 20th century, Coco Chanel went to school in Moulins as an orphan, before moving to Paris, where she became a fashion designer and major innovator in women's clothing.

 International relations

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

 Twin towns

Moulins is twinned with:

• Montepulciano, Italy
• Bad Vilbel, Germany

 Population

التعداد التاريخي
السنة	تعداد	±%
2006	20٬599	—
2007	20٬251	−1.7%
2008	19٬760	−2.4%
2009	19٬837	+0.4%
2010	19٬590	−1.2%
2011	19٬094	−2.5%
2012	18٬959	−0.7%
2013	19٬474	+2.7%
2014	19٬762	+1.5%
2015	19٬697	−0.3%
2016	19٬613	−0.4%

 Transport

Moulins-sur-Allier station, in the centre of the town, has direct trains to Paris Paris-Gare de Lyon, which take about 2 hours 25 minutes.

Montbeugny Airport is a small airport located near Moulins.

 المتاحف

• Centre National du Costume de Scene (museum)

 Personalities

• Antoine Gilbert Griffet de Labaume (1756–1805), translator and man of letters was born in Moulins
• Jean Pastelot (1820–1870), painter and caricaturist was born in Moulins
• Coco Chanel, fashion designer, started as a cabaret singer here
• Philippe N'Dioro, footballer
• Jean-Luc Perrot (born 1959), pipe organ player and composer
• Stéphane Risacher, basketball player with the French national team, born in Moulins
• Jean-Baptiste Faure, opera singer, born in Moulins
• Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal General of France, lived 1653–1734, born in Moulins
• Gilbert Mercier, author of "The Orwellian Empire" and journalist born in Moulins in 1957
• Louis Jacques Brunet, ancient professor of Natural History born in Moulins in 1811
• James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670-1734)

 See also

• Moulins Cathedral
• Diocese of Moulins
• AS Moulins
• Communes of the Allier department

 References

• INSEE

 وصلات خارجية

• City council website (in French)
• Local tourism website (in French)
• Picture of Moulins Cathedral