بينجو

Coordinates: 37°22′59″N 117°58′16″E / 37.383°N 117.971°E / 37.383; 117.971
(تم التحويل من Binzhou)
للاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر بينجو (توضيح)
Binzhou
滨州市
مدينة بمستوى محافظة
Binzhou is located in الصين
Binzhou
Binzhou
Location in China
الإحداثيات (Binzhou government): 37°22′59″N 117°58′16″E / 37.383°N 117.971°E / 37.383; 117.971
البلدPeople's Republic of China
المقاطعةشاندونج
County-level divisions7
Municipal seatBincheng District
الحكومة
 • CPC SecretaryZhang Guangfeng (张光峰)
 • MayorCui Honggang (崔洪刚)
المساحة
[1]
9٬453 كم² (3٬650 ميل²)
 • الحضر
1٬041 كم² (402 ميل²)
 • العمران
1٬041 كم² (402 ميل²)
المنسوب
20 m (70 ft)
التعداد
 (2020 census)[2]
3٬928٬568
 • الكثافة420/km2 (1٬100/sq mi)
 • الحضر
1٬188٬597
كثافة الحضر1٬100/km2 (3٬000/sq mi)
 • العمران
1٬188٬597
الكثافة العمرانية1٬100/km2 (3٬000/sq mi)
GDP[3]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 264 billion
US$ 40 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 67,405
US$ 10,168
منطقة التوقيتUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
256600
Area code0543
رمز ISO 3166CN-SD-16
License Plate Prefix鲁M
بينجو
الصينية التقليدية濱州
الحروف المبسطة滨州
المعنى الحرفيCoastal Prefectural Capital
النقحرة
المندرينية الفصحى
هان‌يو پن‌ينBīnzhōu
ويد-جايلزPin-chou
IPA[pín.tʂóʊ]
Former names
Putai, south of the Yellow River in 1878[4]
Putai
الصينية التقليدية蒲台
الحروف المبسطة蒲台
المعنى الحرفيPu Terrace
النقحرة
المندرينية الفصحى
هان‌يو پن‌ينPútái
ويد-جايلزP'u-t'ai

Binzhou (الصينية: 滨州, bin-joe),[5] formerly Putai, is a prefecture-level city in northern Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China. The city proper sits on the northern bank of the Yellow River, while its administrative area straddles both sides of its lower course before its present delta. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its population was 3,928,568 inhabitants (3,748,474 in 2010), and its built-up (or metro) area made of Bincheng and Zhanhua urban Districts was home to 1,188,597 inhabitants.[6][7]

التاريخ

Putai, north of the Yellow River in 1911.[8]

Human settlement dates to at least the Chinese Neolithic. During the Shang, the area around Binzhou was held by the Pugu, who were counted among the "Eastern Barbarians" or Dongyi. Pugu joined the Shang prince Wu Geng's failed rebellion against the Zhou and was destroyed 1039ح. 1039 BCE, with its lands given to the minister Jiang Ziya as the march of Qi. The Bamboo Annals suggest the Pugu continued to trouble the Zhou for another decade and state they were again destroyed 1026ح. 1026 BCE. Qi became one of the most powerful of China's Warring States but was ruled from Yingqiu (modern Zibo), except for a brief hiatus under Duke Hu. He relocated to Bogu but was overcome by the revolting people of Yingqiu; his successor restored the former capital.

The name Binzhou arose under the Five Dynasties period because its land then bordered the Bay of Bohai. The deposition of silt from the Yellow River—which assumed its present course after the disastrous floods of the 1850s—has since moved the site well inland. The city itself was known as Putai into the 20th century,[8] but Putai County was abolished in March 1956 and the name now survives only as the town's Pucheng Subdistrict.

Public works have reduced the destructiveness of the river, permitting Binzhou and neighboring Dongying to be developed into cities. The former Huimin Prefecture (惠民地区) was renamed Binzhou in 1984. It was given city status in 1992. At the end of 2022, the city had a resident population of 3,918,600 people.[9] The major Industries are based on oil (Shengli Oil Field), chemicals, and textiles.[10]

الإدارة

The prefecture-level city of Binzhou administers seven county-level divisions, including two districts, one county-level city and four counties.

الخريطة

Geography

Binzhou lies on the alluvial plain formed by the Yellow River. The entire length of countryside around the river from Pucheng Subdistrict to the Bay of Bohai has been created by deposition of sediment since the Qin Dynasty.[4] The present prefecture borders (counterclockwise from due west) Dezhou, Jinan, Zibo, Dongying, the Bay of Bohai, and Hebei.

Climate

Binzhou has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four well-defined seasons. Binzhou is one of the warmest cities in the world with a continental climate, with summers reaching as high as 31 °C, and the average temperature in the city being 13.0 °C. Conditions are warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. More than half of the annual precipitation occurs in July and August alone; snow occasionally falls during winter, though heavy falls are very rare.

بيانات المناخ لـ Binzhou, elevation 18 m (59 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present)
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) 18.4
(65.1) 		23.5
(74.3) 		30.0
(86.0) 		34.3
(93.7) 		39.8
(103.6) 		41.0
(105.8) 		39.2
(102.6) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.8
(98.2) 		32.0
(89.6) 		26.8
(80.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		41.0
(105.8)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 3.3
(37.9) 		7.0
(44.6) 		13.6
(56.5) 		20.8
(69.4) 		26.5
(79.7) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.8
(89.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		27.0
(80.6) 		20.7
(69.3) 		12.3
(54.1) 		5.0
(41.0) 		19.1
(66.4)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) −2.2
(28.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		20.4
(68.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		27.1
(80.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		14.4
(57.9) 		6.4
(43.5) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		13.4
(56.1)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) −6.3
(20.7) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		8.7
(47.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		8.7
(47.6)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) −21.1
(−6.0) 		−21.4
(−6.5) 		−16.6
(2.1) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		3.4
(38.1) 		10.6
(51.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		5.0
(41.0) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−21.4
(−6.5)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 4.7
(0.19) 		9.8
(0.39) 		9.3
(0.37) 		27.2
(1.07) 		48.3
(1.90) 		79.1
(3.11) 		162.5
(6.40) 		153.2
(6.03) 		42.6
(1.68) 		27.7
(1.09) 		19.6
(0.77) 		5.2
(0.20) 		589.2
(23.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.9 2.8 2.6 4.9 6.0 7.6 10.9 9.6 5.7 5.1 4.0 2.7 63.8
متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) 61 58 53 55 60 64 77 80 73 69 67 63 65
Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس 162.6 165.2 214.9 236.4 267.1 235.1 195.7 198.4 200.7 194.8 162.8 154.9 2٬388٫6
نسبة السطوع المحتمل للشمس 53 54 58 60 61 53 44 48 54 57 54 52 54
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[11][12] all-time extreme temperature[13]
Source 2: Weather China[14]

Transportation

Education

Notable people

Economy

Binzhou, and neighboring Dongying, has historically had an agrarian economy. Binzhou is known regionally for its "dongzao" (literally, "winter dates"). After the Shengli Field was discovered, most of the field was incorporated into newly created Dongying, although Binzhou maintain some oil operations. Binzhou has been diversifying its economy away from agriculture by attracting manufacturing and foreign direct investment into the city. Among Binzhou's large businesses are Weiqiao,[16] a textile company, and Binzhou Pride, an automobile company that only lived 2006 until 2008.[17]

The Binzhou local government has also plowed resources into a new economic development zone on the outskirts of the new city, complete with a human-made lake.[18]

Binhzhou's economic structure has seen continuous optimization in recent years, with the tertiary sector showing notable growth. In 2023, the value added by the tertiary sector reached 151.518 billion RMB, with the modern service industry as the main driver, contributing 72.062 billion RMB, accounting for 47.6% of the tertiary sector's total. Meanwhile, county-level economies within Binzhou, such as Bincheng District, Zouping City, and Boxing County, contributed 54.9% of the city's GDP. These regions have developed distinctive regional economies, including Boxing's kitchenware industry and Zhanhua's winter jujube production  .[19]

Binzhou's role in pet food crisis

In April 2007, Binzhou made international headlines when Binzhou Futian Biology Technology, in Wudi County, was identified by US officials as one of two sources of contaminated wheat gluten in the 2007 pet food recalls. Shortly after, the company was shuttered by Chinese authorities, who also detained its general manager.[20]

Reform

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In 2004, the Binzhou government implemented Democratic Political Discussion Day, held on the 5th of each month. Under this scheme, every village-level government on this day is required to hold "open debate" and conference for villagers (essentially a town hall). At these meetings, a monthly financial report is presented, highlighting past and planned expenditure, investment performance and such other financial information. In theory, this is supposed to open village finances to greater public scrutiny and debate. Also released at these meetings are reports on the past performance of the government and governmental officials, and future actions and decisions planned, and just like the financial reports, these are also under the public scrutiny and debate. The resulting event is a secret ballot for every villager to vote for everything discussed at these meetings and governments cannot proceed on any issues unless they are passed with a majority vote. The issues passed by popular vote would then be carried out, and at the same time, the government would also make improvement and adjustment on the policies and issues that did not pass, and then present the revisions for the public scrutiny and debate at the next meeting.

Result of the political reform

Ever since the implementation of the political reform at Binzhou, the policy and performance have become transparent and obvious, corruption was checked, cadres' performance and popular support increased, and economy has steadily developed. The letters of petition from villagers to the government reduced more than 30%, and more importantly, in comparison to the era prior to the implementation of the political reform where over 90% of the petitions were criticism and complaints, over 90% of the petition after the implementation of the political reform was suggestions for improvement and requests for assistance.

The obvious achievement of the political reform of Binzhou is widely reported in the domestic Chinese media, as well as many overseas Chinese media, such as Zhong Guo Daily News in Southern California, or its more commonly known Chinese name among local Chinese readers, China Daily (Not to be confused China Daily, the official English publication of Chinese government), and is termed by both domestic and overseas scholars as a good example for governments in other parts of China to follow, and along with Chinese media, they have urged authorities to slowly but steadily expand the reform to a greater scale.

City gallery

  • The center lake of Binzhou (2009)
    The center lake of Binzhou (2009)
  • It is one of summer evening public performs of Binzhou (2009)
    It is one of summer evening public performs of Binzhou (2009)
  • Old people practice Taiji in a residential area (2009)
    Old people practice Taiji in a residential area (2009)
  • A floral sculpture in park (2010)
    A floral sculpture in park (2010)
  • Evening (2010)
    Evening (2010)
  • A residential development in the new part of the city (2006)
    A residential development in the new part of the city (2006)
  • A random giant giraffe display in an old apartment complex (2006)
    A random giant giraffe display in an old apartment complex (2006)

References

  1. ^ 最新人口信息 (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  3. ^ "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  4. ^ أ ب "China", Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. V', 1878 ***Please note that no wikilink is available to this article in EB9***
  5. ^ "Twenty-five years of global education: 4-H Michigan China Art Project". MSU Extension. 26 June 2013.
  6. ^ "The seventh national population census data of Binzhou City has been released! The permanent population is 3.9286 million, with a population increase ranking seventh in the province". Binzhou Daily · Binzhou Net NetEase Official Account. 2021-06-11.
  7. ^ "Heavyweight! Announcement of the Seventh National Population Census of Binzhou City". Binzhou Municipal Office of Human Resources and Social Security. 2021-06-15.
  8. ^ أ ب  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "China" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 6 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–231. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ "山东省人民政府 滨州". 山东省人民政府 (in الصينية). 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  10. ^ 井下作业公司史志编审委员会 (2005). 胜利油田井下作业公司志, 1996-2005 (in الصينية). 中国石油大学出版社. p. 111. ISBN 978-7-5636-2126-2. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  11. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in الصينية المبسطة). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  12. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in الصينية المبسطة). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  13. ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 4 August 2026.
  14. ^ 滨州 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in الصينية). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  15. ^ "Zhang Shiping". Forbes. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  16. ^ Weiqiao Textile
  17. ^ "Chinese Car Brands That Time Forgot: Binzhou Pride | ChinaCarHistory" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  18. ^ Binzhou economic development zone
  19. ^ "经济结构优化升级 高质量发展开新局——新中国成立75周年滨州市经济结构调整与转型发展综述-经济-滨州网". www.binzhouw.com. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
  20. ^ David Barboza (June 5, 2007). "When Fakery Turns Fatal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-06-22.
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