كراي زبايكالسكي

كراي زابايكالسكي
Забайкальский Край (Russian)
—  Krai  —

Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai
Coat of arms of Zabaykalsky Krai
Anthem: None
Political status
CountryRussia
Federal districtسيبريا[1]
Economic regionشرق سيبريا[2]
Established1 مارس 2008[3]
المركز الاداريچيتا
Government (as of August 2010)
 • الحاكم[5]Ravil Geniatulin[4]
 • LegislatureLegislative Assembly[5]
 • الميثاقميثاق كراي زبايكالسكي
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6]
 • Total431,500 km2 (166,600 sq mi)
Area rank10th
Population (2010 Census)[7]
 • Total1٬106٬600
 • Rank47th
 • Density[8]2.56/km2 (6.6/sq mi)
 • Urban65.9%
 • Rural34.1%
ISO 3166-2RU-ZAB
License plates91
Official languagesRussian[9]
Official website

كراي زابايكالسكي (روسية: Забайкальский край، حرفياً كراي عبر البايكال) هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا. ومركزها الإداري مدينة تشيتا.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الجغرافيا

يقع الكراي ضمن المنطقة التاريخية عبر البايكال Transbaikalia (داؤريا Dauria) وله حدود دولية طويلة مع الصين (منغوليا الداخلية و خـِيْ‌لونگ‌جيانگ) (998 كم) و منغوليا (محافظة دورنود، محافظة خنتي و محافظة سلنگى) (868 كم)؛ وحدودها الداخلية هي مع أبلاستات إركوتسك وآمور، وكذلك مع بورياتيا وجمهورية ساخا. وتقع مرتفعات خنتي-داؤور في الطرف الجنوبي الغربي. نظام بحيرات إيڤان-أراخلي هي مجموعة من البحيرات تقع غرب تشيتا.

أعلى وسط نهر ساكوكان، Kalarsky District.
رمال تشارا، المنطقة شبه الصحراوية في وسط سيبيريا، كما تبدو بالقرب من نوڤايا تشارا. تقع جبال كودار في الخلفية.


التاريخ

انظر أيضاً: عبر البايكال

The first traces of human presence in the area dates to 35-150 thousand years ago. Early evidence was found on the surface of ancient river gravels Gyrshelunki (tributary of the Khilok River) near the city of Chita, near Ust-Menza on the Chikoy River.

Based on toponyms, Zabaykalsky might have once been inhabited by a non documented, extinct Yeniseian language.[10]

Mongolic-related Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in Baikal territory.[11] The territory of Zabaykalsky Krai has been governed by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 CE) and Mongolian Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330-555), Mongol Empire (1206-1368) and Northern Yuan (1368-1691).[12] Medieval Mongol tribes like Merkit, Tayichiud, Jalairs and Khamag Mongols inhabited in the krai.[12] In the 17th century, some or all of Mongolic-speaking Daurs lived along the Shilka, upper Amur, and on the Bureya River. They thus gave their name to the region of Dauria, also called Transbaikal, now the area of Russia east of Lake Baikal. Today Buryat-Mongols remained in the territory of the krai.

Preliminary work on the unification of the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug was started at the level of regional authorities in April 2006. The governor of Chita Oblast Ravil Geniatulin, mayor of the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Bair Zhamsuyev, head of the regional parliament Anatoly Romanov, and Dashi Dugarov sent a letter to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and on November 17, 2006, he supported the initiative.

A referendum on unification took place on March 11, 2007. In Chita Oblast, "yes" was the predominant answer to the following question:

"Do you agree that the Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity of the Russian Federation - Zabaykalsky Krai, which included Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug will be an administrative-territorial unit with special status, defined by the charter of the province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation?"

In Chita Oblast, 90.29% (535,045 voters) of the voters voted for the union versus - 8.89% (52,698 voters) who voted against it. 72.82% of the electorate participated. In the Aga Buryat Autonomous Region 94% (38,814 voters) voted for the union versus - 5.16% (2129 voters). 82.95% of the electorate voters participated.

On July 23, 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal constitutional law "On Establishment in the Russian Federation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in the merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug", adopted by the State Duma on July 5, 2007. and approved by the Federation Council on July 11, 2007.

التقسيمات الإدارية

المقالة الرئيسية: Administrative divisions of Zabaykalsky Krai

الاقتصاد

Large companies in the region include the Priargunskoe Mining and Chemical Association, Territorial Generating Company №14, Novo-Shirokinsky mine, Kharanorskaya State District Power Plant, Kharanorskiy coal mine.[13]

في 17 يونيو 2015، نقل راديو أوروبا الحرة عن الصحيفة الروسية، نزاڤيستا مگازييتا، أن الصين تستأجر بمساحة مدينة لوس أنجلس في كراي زبايكالسكي لمدة 49 عاماً، كما تتفاوض على تسع مناطق أخرى في سيبريا لإنشاء مناطق صناعية. وتطلب السماح للعمال الصينيين بالإقامة فيهم.[14]

الحكومة

Ravil Geniatulin, the Governor of Chita Oblast, was elected Governor of Zabaykalsky Krai on February 5, 2008 by the majority of the deputies of both Chita Oblast Duma and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Duma. He assumed the post on March 1, 2008.[15] United Russia candidate Natalia Zhdanova was elected governor with 54% of the vote on September 18, 2016.[16]

السكان

Population: 1,107,107 (تعداد 2010);[17] 1,155,346 (تعداد 2002);[18] 1,377,975 (تعداد 1989).[19]

According to the 2010 Census,[17] Russians made up 89.9% of the population while Buryats were 6.8%. Other significant groups were Ukrainians (0.6%), Tatars (0.5%), Armenians (0.4%), Azeris (0.2%), Kyrgyz (0.2%). 19,981 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[20]

العرق التعداد النسبة
الروس 977,400 89.9%
البوريات 73,941 6.8%
الأوكران 6,743 0.6%
التتار 5,857 0.5%
غيرهم 23,185 2.2%

التجمعات

 
أكبر المدن أو البلدات في كراي زبايكالسكي
التعداد الروسي 2010
الترتيب Administrative Division التعداد
Chita
Chita
Krasnokamensk
Krasnokamensk 		1 Chita Chitinsky District 324,444
2 Krasnokamensk Krasnokamensky District 55,666
3 بورزيا Borzinsky District 31,379
4 Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District 18,549
5 Nerchinsk Nerchinsky District 14,959
6 Shilka Shilkinsky District 13,947
7 Chernyshevsk Chernyshevsky District 13,359
8 Mogocha Mogochinsky District 13,258
9 Karymskoye Karymsky District 13,037
10 Baley Baleysky District 12,533
2007
  • المواليد: 16,652 (14.84 per 1000; 14.87 in urban areas and 14.79 in rural areas).
  • الوفيات: 16,186 (14.42 per 1000; 14.42 in urban areas and 14.44 in rural areas).
  • معدل النمو الطبيعي: 0.04% per year (0.05% in urban areas and 0.04% in rural areas).
2008

Source:[21]

  • المواليد: 17,809 (15.9 per 1000)
  • الوفيات: 16,053 (14.3 per 1000)
  • NGR: 0.16%
  • Net Immigration: -3,621
Vital statistics for 2012
  • Births: 17 706 (16.1 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 14 310 (13.0 per 1000) [22]
  • Total fertility rate:[23]

2010 - 1.87 | 2011 - 1.87 | 2012 - 2.00 | 2013 - 2.01 | 2014 - 2.08 | 2015 - 2.06 | 2016 - 1.98 | 2017 - 1.87 | 2018 - 1.82 | 2019 - 1.74 | 2020 - 1.75


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الدين

الدين في كراي زبايكالسكي في 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[24][25]
Spiritual but not religious
  
 28%
Russian Orthodoxy
  
 24.6%
Atheism and irreligion
  
 17.1%
Other and undeclared
  
 16.8%
Buddhism
  
 6.3%
Other Christians
  
 5.6%
Other Orthodox
  
 1.6%

As of a 2012 survey[24] 25% of the population of Zabaykalsky Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6.25% to Buddhism, 6% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Protestant churches), 2% is an Orthodox Christian believer without belonging to any church or being member of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. In addition, 28% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 17% to be atheist, and 16.15% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey.[24]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for كراي زبايكالسكي.

الهامش

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  3. ^ Федеральный конституционный закон №1-ФКЗ от 25 марта 2004 г «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Читинской области и Агинского-Бурятского автономного округа». (قانون دستوري اتحادي #5-FKZ of 21 يوليو 2007 On Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug).
  4. ^ Official website of Zabaykalsky Krai. Biography of Ravil Faritovich Geniatulin (بالروسية)
  5. ^ أ ب Charter, Article 21.2
  6. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
  9. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  10. ^ https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/24847/1/ldc-sp17-10-vajda.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  11. ^ History of Mongolia, Volume I, 2003
  12. ^ أ ب History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003
  13. ^ "Trans-Baikal Territory Industries". investinregions.ru (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  14. ^ Brian Whitmore (2015-06-17). "The Daily Vertical: Russia's Threat From The East". راديو أوروبا الحرة.
  15. ^ На административной карте РФ появился новый субъект федерации - Забайкальский край. (A new federal subject—Zabaykalsky Krai—appeared on the administrative map of the Russian Federation) Itar-Tass.com (in روسية)
  16. ^ Siberia and Russian Far East vote decisively for United Russia in parliamentary elections. (Siberia and Russian Far East vote decisively for United Russia in parliamentary elections) The Siberian Times (in إنگليزية)
  17. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  18. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ^ "Впн-2010". Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  21. ^ [1][dead link]
  22. ^ "Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  23. ^ "Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости". Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  24. ^ أ ب ت "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  25. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

المصادر

  • قالب:RussiaBasicLawRef/zab
  • Федеральный конституционный закон №5-ФКЗ от 21 июля 2007 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Читинской области и Агинского-Бурятского автономного округа». (Federal Constitutional Law #5-FKZ of July 21, 2007 On the Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug).

قالب:Zabaykalsky Krai

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