الراين الأعلى (إقليم فرنسي)

Haut-Rhin 's Owerlànd / Owerelsàss (Alemannic German)
Department of France
Prefecture building of the Haut-Rhin department, in Colmar
الدرع
Location of Haut-Rhin in France
Interactive map of Haut-Rhin
الإحداثيات: 47°57′51″N 7°19′11″E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Prefecture	Colmar
Subprefectures	Altkirch Mulhouse Thann
الحكومة
• Prefect	Louis Laugier
المساحة [1]
• الإجمالي	3٬525 كم² (1٬361 ميل²)
التعداد  (يناير 2019)
• الإجمالي	767٬086
• الترتيب	29th
• الكثافة	220/km2 (560/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number	68
Arrondissements	4
Cantons	17
Communes	366
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

الراين الأعلى (Haut-Rhin ؛ فرنسية pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] استمع ) هو أحد أقاليم فرنسا، في Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 770,738 in 2023.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace. وسميت نسبة لنهر الراين، وهو أصغر وأقل كثافة سكانية من محافظات الألزاس، على الرغم من أنه لا تزال مكتظة بالسكان مقارنة مع بقية فرنسا.

 التاريخ

وقد تم تعديل حدود الأقليم مرات عديدة :

• 1798، ابتلعت ميلوز، التي كانت سابقاً مدينة حرة، وآخر جيب سويسري في جنوب الألزاس؛
• 1800، ابتلعت كامل إقليم Mont-Terrible؛
• 1814، فقدت الأراضي التي كانت جزءاً من Mont-Terrible، التي أعيدت إلى سويسرا، ماعدا الإمارة القديمة Montbéliard؛
• 1816، فقدت Montbéliard، التي حـُوِّلت إلى إقليم Doubs;
• 1871، ضـُم معظمها إلى ألمانيا (معاهدة فرانكفورت). الجزء الفرنسي المتبقي شكـَّل Territoire de Belfort؛
• 1919، أعيدت إلى فرنسا (معاهدة ڤرساي) إلا أنها بقيت ادارياً منفصلة عن Belfort.
• 1940، ضمتها ألمانيا النازية.
• 1944، استعادتها فرنسا.

 الجغرافيا

Haut-Rhin is bordered by the Territoire de Belfort and Vosges départements and the Vosges Mountains to the west, the Bas-Rhin département to the North, Switzerland to the south and its eastern border with Germany is also the Rhine. In the centre of the département lies a fertile plain. The climate is semi-continental.

 التقسيمات

The department consists of the following arrondissements:

• Altkirch
• Colmar-Ribeauvillé
• Mulhouse
• Thann-Guebwiller

 البلدات الرئيسية

The most populous commune is Mulhouse; the prefecture Colmar is the second-most populous. As of 2023, there are 9 communes with more than 12,000 inhabitants:

Commune	Population (2023)
Mulhouse	104,978
Colmar	66,970
Saint-Louis	22,805
Wittenheim	15,553
Illzach	14,923
Rixheim	14,380
Kingersheim	13,354
Riedisheim	12,200
Cernay	12,057

 السكان

Population development between 1801 and 2023:

التعداد التاريخي

السنة تعداد ±% p.a. 1801 272٬334 —     1806 299٬877 +1.95% 1821 326٬633 +0.57% 1831 375٬473 +1.40% 1841 409٬683 +0.88% 1851 436٬744 +0.64% 1861 459٬554 +0.51% 1871 458٬873 −0.01% 1880 461٬942 +0.07% 1890 471٬609 +0.21% 1900 495٬209 +0.49% 1910 517٬865 +0.45% 1921 468٬943 −0.90% 1931 516٬726 +0.98%	السنة تعداد ±% p.a. 1936 507٬551 −0.36% 1946 471٬705 −0.73% 1954 509٬647 +0.97% 1962 547٬920 +0.91% 1968 585٬018 +1.10% 1975 635٬209 +1.18% 1982 650٬372 +0.34% 1990 671٬319 +0.40% 1999 708٬025 +0.59% 2007 742٬408 +0.59% 2012 755٬202 +0.34% 2017 764٬030 +0.23% 2023 770٬738 +0.15%
Sources:

 الإقتصاد

Haut-Rhin is one of the richest French départements. Mulhouse is the home of the Stellantis Mulhouse Plant automobile factory, where the Peugeot 2008 and Peugeot 508 are currently built. The lowest unemployment rate in France can be found in the Southern Sundgau region (approximately 2%). The countryside is marked by hills. Many Haut-Rhinois work in Switzerland, especially in the chemical industries of Basel, but commute from France where living costs are lower. However, the region does have some of France's worst socio-economic inequalities; Mulhouse has long been one of France's poorest major cities.

 القانون

Alsace and the adjacent Moselle department have a legal system slightly different from the rest of France. The statutes in question date from the period 1871–1919 when the area was part of the German Empire. With the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, Paris accepted that Alsace and Moselle should retain some local laws in respect of certain matters, especially with regard to hunting, economic life, local government relationships, health insurance and social rights. It includes notably the absence of any formal separation between church and state: several mainstream denominations of the Christian church benefit from state funding, in contrast to principles applied in the rest of France.

 السياسة

 الدور الثاني من الانتخابات الرئاسية

Election		Winning candidate	Party	%	2nd place candidate	الحزب	%
	2022	إمانويل ماكرون	LREM	52.90	مارين لوپان	FN	47.10
	2017	Emmanuel Macron	LREM	57.97	مارين لوپن	FN	42.03
	2012	نيكولا ساركوزي	UMP	63.33	فرانسوا أولاند	PS	36.67
	2007	نيكولا ساركوزي	UMP	65.39	Ségolène Royal	PS	34.61
	2002	Jacques Chirac	RPR	77.65	Jean-Marie Le Pen	FN	22.35
	1995	Jacques Chirac	RPR	57.26	Lionel Jospin	PS	42.74

 النواب الحاليون في الجمعية الوطنية

Constituency		Member	Party
	Haut-Rhin's 1st constituency	Brigitte Klinkert	Renaissance
	Haut-Rhin's 2nd constituency	Hubert Ott	MoDem
	Haut-Rhin's 3rd constituency	Didier Lemaire	Horizons
	Haut-Rhin's 4th constituency	Raphaël Schellenberger	The Republicans
	Haut-Rhin's 5th constituency	Olivier Becht	Renaissance
	Haut-Rhin's 6th constituency	Bruno Fuchs	MoDem

 السياحة

• 
  Mulhouse town hall
• 
  Colmar
• 
  Riquewihr
• 
  View from the Ballon d'Alsace
• 
  Hunawihr and Alsatian vineyards

 النقل

The department's main airport is served by EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg located in Saint-Louis, it provides air travel for the department as well as Basel-Stadt in the nearby border of Switzerland and Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany. Strasbourg Airport is another alternative airport that the department also uses, it is located 109 km (68 mi) north of Mulhouse.

 انظر أيضاً

• Cantons of the Haut-Rhin department
• Communes of the Haut-Rhin department
• Arrondissements of the Haut-Rhin department

 المصادر

• [2]

 وصلات خارجية

• (بالفرنسية) General Council website
• (بالفرنسية) Prefecture website
• (إنگليزية) Haut-Rhin at the Open Directory Project