نور (إقليم فرنسي)

Nord
Department
Prefecture building of the Nord department, in Lille
Prefecture building of the Nord department, in Lille
علم Nord
Flag
درع Nord
Coat of arms
Location of Nord in France
Location of Nord in France
الإحداثيات: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317Coordinates: 50°23′N 03°19′E / 50.383°N 3.317°E / 50.383; 3.317
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
PrefectureLille
SubprefecturesAvesnes-
sur-Helpe
Cambrai
Douai
Dunkirk
Valenciennes
الحكومة
 • President of the Departmental CouncilChristian Poiret[1]
المساحة
[1]
 • الإجمالي5٬742٫74 كم² (2٬217٫28 ميل²)
التعداد
 (يناير 2019)
 • الإجمالي2٬608٬346
 • الترتيب1st
 • الكثافة450/km2 (1٬200/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number59
Arrondissements6
Cantons41
Communes648
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

نور ( Nord ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [nɔʁ]  (Speaker Icon.svg استمع); officially فرنسية: département du Nord; Picard: départémint dech Nord; هولندية: Noorderdepartement, حرفياً 'Northern Department') هو إقليم في أقصى شمال فرنسا.

Nord is the country's most populous department. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019.[2] It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the department), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Within the department is located the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there.

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التاريخ

Tribes of the Belgae, such as the Menapii and Nervii were the first peoples recorded in the area later known as Nord.

During the 4th and 5th Centuries, Roman rulers of Gallia Belgica secured the route from the major port of Bononia (Boulogne) to Colonia (Cologne), by co-opting Germanic peoples north-east of this corridor, such as the Tungri. In effect, the area known later as Nord became an isogloss (linguistic border) between the Germanic and Romance languages. Saxon colonisation of the region from the 5th to the 8th centuries likely shifted the isogloss further south so that, by the 9th century, most people immediately north of Lille spoke a dialect of Old Dutch. This has remained evident in the place names of the region. After the County of Flanders became part of France in the 9th century, the isogloss moved north and east.[3]

امتداد الهولندية المحكية في دائرة دنكرك، 1874 و 1972

During the 14th century, much of the area came under the control of the Duchy of Burgundy and in subsequent centuries was therefore part of the Habsburg Netherlands (from 1482) and the Spanish Netherlands (1581).

Areas that later constituted Nord were ceded to France by treaties in 1659, 1668, and 1678, becoming the Counties of Flanders and Hainaut, and part of the Bishopric of Cambrai.

On 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution, Nord became one of the original 83 departments created to replace the counties.

Modern government policies making French the only official language have led to a decline in use of the Dutch West Flemish dialect. There are currently 20,000 speakers of a sub-dialect of West Flemish in the arrondissement of Dunkirk and it appears likely that this particular sub-dialect will be extinct within decades.[3]


الجغرافيا

أهم الأنهار

التعداد السكاني

الإقتصاد

السياسة

المقالة الرئيسية: Departmental Council of Nord

The President of the Departmental Council is the unaffiliated right-winger Christian Poiret.[4]

The first President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle, was born in Lille in the department on 22 November 1890.

Party Seats[5]
Union of the Right (UD) 30
Union of the Left (UG) 18
Miscellaneous right (DVD) 10
Union of the Centre and the Right (UCD) 8
French Communist Party (PCF) 4
Miscellaneous left (DVG) 4
Union of the Left and Ecologists (UGE) 4
Miscellaneous centre (DVC) 2
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) 2

Presidential elections second round

Election Winning Candidate Party % 2nd Place Candidate Party %
2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 52.85 Marine Le Pen RN 47.15
2017[6] Emmanuel Macron LREM 56.90 Marine Le Pen FN 43.10
2012 François Hollande PS 52.88 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 47.12
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 51.75 Ségolène Royal PS 48.25
2002[6] Jacques Chirac RPR 78.28 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 21.72
1995[7] Lionel Jospin PS 53.70 Jacques Chirac RPR 46.30

Current National Assembly Representatives

المقالة الرئيسية: List of constituencies in Nord
Constituency Member[8] Party
Nord's 1st constituency Adrien Quatennens La France Insoumise
Nord's 2nd constituency Ugo Bernalicis La France Insoumise
Nord's 3rd constituency Christophe Di Pompeo La République En Marche!
Nord's 4th constituency Brigitte Liso La République En Marche!
Nord's 5th constituency Sébastien Huyghe The Republicans
Nord's 6th constituency Charlotte Lecocq La République En Marche!
Nord's 7th constituency Francis Vercamer Union of Democrats and Independents
Nord's 8th constituency Catherine Osson La République En Marche!
Nord's 9th constituency Valérie Petit La République En Marche!
Nord's 10th constituency Vincent Ledoux The Republicans
Nord's 11th constituency Laurent Pietraszewski La République En Marche!
Nord's 12th constituency Anne-Laure Cattelot La République En Marche!
Nord's 13th constituency Christian Hutin Citizen and Republican Movement
Nord's 14th constituency Paul Christophe The Republicans
Nord's 15th constituency Jennifer de Temmerman Liberties and Territories
Nord's 16th constituency Alain Bruneel French Communist Party
Nord's 17th constituency Dimitri Houbron La République En Marche!
Nord's 18th constituency Guy Bricout Union of Democrats and Independents
Nord's 19th constituency Sébastien Chenu National Rally
Nord's 20th constituency Fabien Roussel French Communist Party
Nord's 21st constituency Béatrice Descamps Union of Democrats and Independents

السياحة

  • 0 Lille - Vieille bourse du travail 051201b.JPG

    The old stock exchange of Lille

  • Bergues tour pointue.jpg

    Saint-Winoc Abbey in Bergues

  • Windmill in Boeschepe

    Windmill in Boeschepe

  • Lewarde - Fosse Delloye.JPG

    Mining museum in Lewarde

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in الفرنسية). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ Populations légales 2019: 59 Nord, INSEE
  3. ^ أ ب "Dutch dialect" (PDF). (404 KB)
  4. ^ "Christian Poiret, élu président du conseil départemental du Nord". France Bleu (in الفرنسية). 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
  5. ^ "Départementales 2021 dans le Nord : découvrez les résultats définitifs du second tour". France 3 Hauts-de-France (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 2022-01-13.
  6. ^ أ ب "Présidentielles / Les résultats / Elections - Ministère de l'Intérieur" (in الفرنسية). Interieur.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  7. ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département". Politiquemania. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  8. ^ Assemblée Nationale (2022-04-25). "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2022-04-30.

وصلات خارجية

Neighbouring French department and Belgian Provincies
Hainaut,Belgium West Flanders,Belgium North sea
West Flanders,Belgium
Hainaut,Belgium شمال Pas-de-Calais
الشرق   Nord    الغرب
جنوب
Hainaut,Belgium Aisne Somme
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