1287

القرون: قرن 12 · قرن 13 · قرن 14
العقود: ع1250 ع1260 ع1270 ع1280 ع1290 ع1300 ع1310
السنوات: 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290
ألفية: الألفية 2
قرون: القرن 12 – القرن 13 – القرن 14
عقود: عقد 1250  عقد 1260  عقد 1270  – عقد 1280 –  عقد 1290  عقد 1300  عقد 1310
سنين: 1284 1285 1286 – 1287 – 1288 1289 1290
King Rudolf I (middle) at the Synod of Würzburg (or Diet of Würzburg).
1287 حسب الموضوع
السياسة
زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة
تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات
المواليد – الوفيات
تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات
التأسيسات – الانحلالات
الفن والأدب
1287 في الشعر
1287 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري1287
MCCLXXXVII
آب أوربه كونديتا2040
التقويم الأرمني736
ԹՎ ՉԼԶ
التقويم الآشوري6037
التقويم البهائي−557 – −556
التقويم البنغالي694
التقويم الأمازيغي2237
سنة العهد الإنگليزي15 Edw. 1 – 16 Edw. 1
التقويم البوذي1831
التقويم البورمي649
التقويم البيزنطي6795–6796
التقويم الصيني丙戌年 (النار الكلب)
3983 أو 3923
    — إلى —
丁亥年 (النار الخنزير)
3984 أو 3924
التقويم القبطي1003–1004
التقويم الديسكوردي2453
التقويم الإثيوپي1279–1280
التقويم العبري5047–5048
التقاويم الهندوسية
 - ڤيكرام سامڤات1343–1344
 - شاكا سامڤات1209–1210
 - كالي يوگا4388–4389
تقويم الهولوسين11287
تقويم الإگبو287–288
التقويم الإيراني665–666
التقويم الهجري685–686
التقويم اليابانيKōan 10
(弘安１０年)
تقويم جوچىN/A
التقويم اليوليوسي1287
MCCLXXXVII
التقويم الكوري3620
تقويم مينگوو625 قبل جمهورية الصين
民前625年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي1830
This box:

Year 1287 (MCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

أحداث

By place

Europe

  • January 17 – Aragonese forces led by King Alfonso III (the Liberal) conquer the island of Menorca. He signs the "Treaty of San Agayz" with Sultan Abû 'Umar ibn Sa'îd on January 21. Alfonso accepts a policy of free trade for merchants and their property. He also concludes an alliance against the Marinids with Abu Said Uthman I, ruler of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (modern Algeria). He proposes to supply him with five to ten galleys (with food and other goods) in exchange for 500 elite Zayyanid horsemen.[1]
  • Alfonso III (the Liberal) is forced to make concessions to the nobility after an aristocratic uprising (called the Union of Aragon). In particular, he grants his barons a "Bill of Rights", known as the Privilegium Generale. This leaves a heritage of disunity and further dissent among the nobility, who increasingly see little reason to respect the throne, and brings the Crown of Aragon to the point of anarchy. Alfonso, who is not pleased with the anti-royalist movement, is forced to accept the Magna Carta (Great Charter).[2]
  • June – Rabban Bar Sauma, Chinese Nestorian monk and diplomat, travels from Constantinople to Italy. There he arrives in Naples and witnesses a sea battle in the harbour between the Aragonese and the Angevin fleets. Bar Sauma goes to Rome, but arrives too late to meet Pope Honorius IV, who recently died. He instead is engaged in negotiations with the cardinals, who are in a conclave to elect a successor, and visits the St. Peter's Basilica. Bar Sauma goes to Genoa, where he receives a warm welcome.[3]
  • June 23 – Battle of the Counts: An Aragonese-Sicilian fleet (some 50 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria defeat a larger Angevin fleet of 70 galleys near Naples. After a feigned retreat, Roger attacks the Angevin galleys from all sides. During the battle, which last much of the day, the Angevin fleet is scattered, leaving about 40 galleys to be captured, along with 5,000 prisoners. After the victory, without any authorization from King James II, Roger makes a truce with the Neapolitans (who are allies of the Angevins).
  • September – Rabban Bar Sauma arrives in Paris, and is received in an audience by King Philip IV (the Fair). He spends one month at the royal court, during his stay, Philip himself escorts him around the Sainte-Chapelle (or Holy Chapel) to see the collection of Passion relics by late King Louis IX (the Saint). Philip gives Bar Sauma many presents and sends one of his noblemen, Gobert de Helleville, to return with him to Mongol lands. In response, he attempts to form a military alliance with France and England.[4]
  • December 14 – A huge storm and associated storm tide in the North Sea and English Channel, known as St. Lucia's flood in the Netherlands, kills thousands and reshapes the coastline of the Netherlands and England. In the Netherlands, a fringing barrier between the North Sea and a shallow lake collapses, causing the fifth-largest flood in recorded history – which creates the Zuider Zee inlet, and kills over 50,000 people. It also gives sea access to Amsterdam, allowing its development as an important port city.
  • Winter – Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) under Talabuga Khan and Nogai Khan, attack Poland for the third time. The cities of Lublin, Sandomierz and Sieradz are devastated by the invaders. Nogai Khan besieges Kraków and launches an unsuccessful assault on the fortified city, suffering heavy casualties in the process.

England

  • February – South England flood: A large storm hits the south coast, this has a powerful effect on the Cinque Ports, two of which are hit (Hastings and New Romney). The storm destroys Old Winchelsea on Romney Marsh and nearby Broomhill. The course of the Rother River is diverted away from New Romney, which is almost destroyed, ending its role as a port; the Rother runs instead to the sea at Rye – whose prospects as a port are enhanced. A cliff collapses at Hastings, ending its role as a trade harbor and demolishing a part of Hastings Castle. New Winchelsea is established on higher ground.[5]
  • June 8 – Welsh forces led by Rhys ap Maredudd revolt in Wales against King Edward I (Longshanks). Although Maredudd has assisted the English in the past, he accuses Edward of treating him unfairly over taxes. The rebels burn several towns, including Swansea and Carmarthen. They capture most of Ystrad Tywi, heartland of Deheubarth (the revolt will not be suppressed until 1288).
  • Summer – Edward I (Longshanks) replies to the Welsh rebellion by raising an army at Gloucester commanded by Edmund of Almain. The English forces besiege Dryslwyn Castle, which lasts for three weeks before the castle falls after the curtain walls are undermined. Rhys ap Maredudd manages to escape and goes into hiding before the stronghold is finally captured in late September.
  • December – Parts of Norfolk are flooded, the port of Dunwich in Suffolk is further devastated, and in The Fens through the storm and the violence of the sea, the monastery of Spalding and many churches are overthrown and destroyed: "The whole country in the parts of Holland was, for the most part, turned into a standing pool so that an intolerable multitude of men, women and children were overwhelmed with the water, especially in the town of Boston, a great part thereof was destroyed."[6]

Middle East

Africa

Asia

By topic

Art and Culture

  • The Altar of St. James in Pistoia Cathedral, Italy – a masterwork of the silversmithing trade containing nearly a ton of silver – is begun; it will not be completed for nearly 200 years.

Economy

  • The Italian city of Siena exacts a forced loan from its taxpayers for the first time, a common feature of medieval public finance.[13]

Religion


مواليد

وفيات

References

  1. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 95. ISBN 978-08122-2302-6.
  2. ^ Chaytor, Henry John (1933). A History of Aragon and Catalonia, p. 126. London: Methuen.
  3. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 333. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  4. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 334. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  5. ^ Simons, Paul (2008). Since Records Began. London: Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-728463-4.
  6. ^ Wheeler, William Henry (1896). A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire (2nd ed.). Boston, London: J.M. Newcombe and Simpkin, Marshall & Co. p. 27. doi:10.1680/ahotfosl2e.50358., quoting Stow's chronicle of 1287
  7. ^ Morris Rossabi (2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.
  8. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 337. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  9. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 337–338. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  10. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 339. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  11. ^ Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 163. ISBN 978-2-7071-5231-2.
  12. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, p. 195. Translation: Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  13. ^ Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
  14. ^ Walter, Ingeborg (1969). "Boccamazza, Giovanni". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, p. 169. Volume 11: Boccadibue–Bonetti (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
  15. ^ Lovén, Christian. "La neige, les briques et l'architecte français. La cathédrale d'Uppsala 1272—" [Snow, bricks and a French architect. Uppsala Cathedral 1272] (in French). Academia.edu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
  16. ^ Rikabi, J. (1971). "Ibn Nubāta". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 900–901. ISBN 90-04-08118-6. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  17. ^ "Honorius IV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 11 January 2021.
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