1245
| القرون: | قرن 12 · قرن 13 · قرن 14 |
| العقود: | ع1210 ع1220 ع1230 ع1240 ع1250 ع1260 ع1270 |
| السنوات: | 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 12 – القرن 13 – القرن 14 |
| عقود: | عقد 1210 عقد 1220 عقد 1230 – عقد 1240 – عقد 1250 عقد 1260 عقد 1270 |
| سنين: | 1242 1243 1244 – 1245 – 1246 1247 1248 |
| 1245 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1245 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1245 MCCXLV |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1998 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 694 ԹՎ ՈՂԴ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5995 |
| التقويم البهائي | −599 – −598 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 652 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2195 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 29 Hen. 3 – 30 Hen. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1789 |
| التقويم البورمي | 607 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6753–6754 |
| التقويم الصيني | 甲辰年 (الخشب التنين) 3941 أو 3881 — إلى — 乙巳年 (الخشب الثعبان) 3942 أو 3882 |
| التقويم القبطي | 961–962 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2411 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1237–1238 |
| التقويم العبري | 5005–5006 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1301–1302 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1167–1168 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4346–4347 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11245 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 245–246 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 623–624 |
| التقويم الهجري | 642–643 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kangen 3 (寛元３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1245 MCCXLV |
| التقويم الكوري | 3578 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 667 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前667年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1788 |
Year 1245 (MCCXLV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
By place
Europe
- Winter – Siege of Jaén: Castilian forces under King Ferdinand III (the Saint) besiege the Moorish-held city of Jaén. During the siege Moorish knights sally out and manage to capture a Castilian supply caravan. Meanwhile, Ferdinand tries to launch attacks on the various city gates, but all are ineffective.
- In witness of the toll taken by war and fiscal pressure in the Kingdom of Castile, the region of Segovia is described this year as depopulated and sterile.[1]
England
- King Henry III starts the work of rebuilding Westminster Abbey, as a tribute to Edward the Confessor.
Levant
- April – Egyptian forces under As-Salih Ayyub besiege the city of Damascus. After six months, As-Salih Ismail, ruler of Damascus, surrenders to Ayyub in return for a vassal-principality, consisting of Baalbek and the Hauran. Ayyub is awarded the title of sultan by Caliph Al-Musta'sim in Baghdad.[2]
By topic
Religion
- February 21 – Thomas, bishop of Turku (modern Finland), is granted resignation by Pope Innocent IV. He admits to committing several felonies, such as torturing and forging a papal letter.
- April 16 – Innocent IV sends Giovanni da Pian del Carpine (accompanied by Stephen of Bohemia) to the Mongol court at Karakorum, suggesting that the Mongols convert to Christianity.[3]
- June 28 – First Council of Lyon: In a general church council held at Lyon, Innocent IV declares Emperor Frederick II excommunicated and deposed. He proclaims the Seventh Crusade.[4]
مواليد
- January 16 – Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III (d. 1296)
- May 1 – Philip III (the Bold), king of France (d. 1285)
- November 14 – Sang Sapurba, Indonesian ruler (d. 1316)
- Antony Bek (or Beck), English bishop and patriarch (d. 1311)
- Araniko (or Anige), Nepalese architect and painter (d. 1306)
- Eric of Brandenburg, archbishop of Magdeburg (d. 1295)
- Fujiwara no Saneko, Japanese empress consort (d. 1272)
- Giovanna da Signa, Italian miracle worker and saint (d. 1307)
- Kikuchi Takefusa, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1285)
- Kunigunda of Halych, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1285)
- Ma Duanlin, Chinese encyclopaedist and politician (d. 1322)
- Nichirō, Japanese Buddhist disciple and scholar (d. 1320)
- Rinaldo da Concorezzo, Italian priest and archbishop (d. 1321)
- Roger Bigod, English nobleman and Lord Marshal (d. 1306)
- Thomas de Berkeley (the Wise), English nobleman (d. 1321)
- Yahballaha III, patriarch of the Church of the East (d. 1317)
- Ziemomysł of Kuyavia, Polish ruler of Bydgoszcz (d. 1287)
وفيات
- January 27 – Ralph of Maidstone, bishop of Hereford
- January 28 – Giovanni Colonna, Italian cardinal (b. 1170)
- February 8 – John of la Rochelle, French theologian (b. 1200)
- February 15 – Baldwin de Redvers, English nobleman (b. 1217)
- March 22 – Roger I of Fézensaguet, French nobleman (b. 1190)
- July 22 – Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson, Icelandic chieftain (b. 1208)
- August 19 – Ramon Berenguer IV, Spanish nobleman (b. 1198)
- August 21 – Alexander of Hales, English theologian (b. 1185)
- November 27 – Walter Marshal, English nobleman (b. 1209)
- December 4 – Christian of Oliva, bishop of Prussia (b. 1180)
- Adam of Harcarse, Scottish Cistercian priest and abbot
- Beatrice d'Este, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1215)
- Cletus Bél, Hungarian prelate, bishop and chancellor
- Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi, Syrian scholar and writer (b. 1173)
- Fujiwara no Tadataka, Japanese regent and monk (b. 1163)
- Guillaume le Vinier, French composer and poet (b. 1190)
- Ibn al-Salah, Syrian scholar, imam and writer (b. 1181)
- Isabel de Bolebec, English noblewoman and co-heiress
- Rusudan of Georgia, queen consort of Georgia (b. 1194)
References
- ^ Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–699 [670]. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-0241-29877-0.
- ^ Yule, Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). "Carpini, Joannes de Piano". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 397–399.
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 141. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.