1316
| القرون: | قرن 13 · قرن 14 · قرن 15 |
| العقود: | ع1280 ع1290 ع1300 ع1310 ع1320 ع1330 ع1340 |
| السنوات: | 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 13 – القرن 14 – القرن 15 |
| عقود: | عقد 1280 عقد 1290 عقد 1300 – عقد 1310 – عقد 1320 عقد 1330 عقد 1340 |
| سنين: | 1313 1314 1315 – 1316 – 1317 1318 1319 |
| 1316 حسب الموضوع | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| العمارة - الفن | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد - الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات - الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1316 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1316 MCCCXVI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2069 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 765 ԹՎ ՉԿԵ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6066 |
| التقويم البهائي | −528 – −527 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 723 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2266 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 9 Edw. 2 – 10 Edw. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1860 |
| التقويم البورمي | 678 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6824–6825 |
| التقويم الصيني | 乙卯年 (الخشب الأرنب) 4012 أو 3952 — إلى — 丙辰年 (النار التنين) 4013 أو 3953 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1032–1033 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2482 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1308–1309 |
| التقويم العبري | 5076–5077 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1372–1373 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1238–1239 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4417–4418 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11316 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 316–317 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 694–695 |
| التقويم الهجري | 715–716 |
| التقويم الياباني | Shōwa 5 (正和５年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1316 MCCCXVI |
| التقويم الكوري | 3649 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 596 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前596年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1859 |
Year 1316 (MCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
يناير-ديسمبر
- Great Famine of 1315–1317 is at its peak. The food difficulties are breaking the demographic momentum . 10% of the population of Ypres died of starvation between 1 st May and 1 st November . Bruges , supplied by Mediterranean wheat , loses 5% of its population 1 . Case of cannibalism in England and Livonia.
- 6 يناير، سلطنة دلهي - الملك كافور يحاول أن يخلف علاء الدين خلجي بعدما، ربما_ قام بتسميمه. إلا أن الحرس التركي لابنه يجزون رأسه.مبارك بعد ذلك، يصبح وصياً على عرش أخيه الطفل الذي عُين سلطاناً، ثم لا يلبث أن يستولي على العرش.
- 28 يناير-18 مارس - Llywelyn Bren revolts against English rule in Wales.[1] The revolt spreads throughout the south Wear Cove (the Wales valley), and other castles are attacked. Edward sends an expeditionary force led by Humphrey de Bohun to suppress the rebellion. In March, after a battle at Morgraig Castle Llywelyn Bren is forced to break off the Caerphilly siege after six weeks and surrenders on March 18.[2]
- February 8 – After only 35 days of ruling the Delhi Sultanate as regent, Malik Kafur is assassinated by Sultan Alauddin's former bodyguards.[3]
- February 14 – Battle of Skaithmuir: Scottish forces under James Douglas, Lord of Douglas defeat an English raiding party near Coldstream.[4] During the skirmish, Edmond de Caillou (nephew of Piers Gaveston) is killed.[5]
- February 22 – Battle of Picotin: Catalan forces led by Prince Ferdinand of Majorca, claimant to the Principality of Achaea, defeat the army of Princess Matilda of Hainaut, on the Peloponnese. During the battle, the Catalans kill 500 Burgundians and 700 native troops. The remnants of the Princess's army withdraw in haste, pursued by the Catalan cavalry; before they turn back to loot the abandoned Achaean camp.[6]
- March 12 – At Belgrade, Stefan Vladislav II becomes the new King of Syrmia (now part of Serbia) upon the death of his father, Stefan Dragutin.
- March 18 – After leading a six-week-long revolt from Wales against England's, and retreating to Glamorgan, Welsh rebel Llywelyn Bren finally surrenders to King Edward's general, Humphrey de Bohun at Ystradfellte.[2]
April – June
- April 14 – Qutb al-Din Mubarak, the 17-year-old son of Alauddin Khalji, succeeds him and ascends the throne as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.[7]
- May 2 – In an attempt to stir the Irish nobles into rebellion against English rule, Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland is crowned High King of Ireland.[8]
- June 5 – King Louis X of France ("Louis the Quarrelsome") dies, possibly from poisoning, during a game of tennis at Vincennes, leaving his pregnant wife Clementia of Hungary as his widow. Following Louis' death, his 23-year-old brother Philip is made regent for the remainder of Clementia's pregnancy. There are several potential candidates for the role of regent, his uncle Charles, Count of Valois and Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy.[9][10]
July – September
- July 5 – Battle of Manolada: Latin forces under Louis of Burgundy, supported by Byzantine troops sent by governor Michael Kantakouzenos, defeat the Catalan army under Ferdinand of Majorca. During the battle, Ferdinand is killed and John II of Nivelet, who claims the Principality of Achaea is executed on the field as a traitor. His lands are given to Louis' Burgundian followers. Louis of Burgundy and his wife, Matilda of Hainaut, become the joint rulers of Achaea.[11]
- July 29 – 10th day of 7th month of 5 Shōwa; In Japan, Hōjō Takatoki becomes the 14th regent of the Kamakura shogunate.
- August 2 – Matilda of Hainaut becomes the sole leader of the Principality of Achaea, after her husband, Prince Louis of Burgundy, dies of poisoning one month after having secured his position during the Battle of Mandolada.[11]
- August 5 – Battle of Gransee: A North German-Danish alliance, led by Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg ("Henry the Lion"), decisively defeats the forces under Waldemar the Great at Schulzendorf.[12] During the battle, Waldemar escapes the battlefield, but his army – which consists largely of knights in armor — is massacred. Later, the victorious alliance negotiates a peace treaty at Zehdenick.
- August 7 – After an interregnum (sede vacante) of two years, due to disagreements between the cardinals, French cardinal Jacques Duèze, Bishop of Avignon, is elected as successor to Pope Clement V, who died in 1314.
- August 10 – Second Battle of Athenry: Norman rule is retained during the Bruce campaign in Ireland, at the cost of over 5,000 dead.
- August 17 – Brothers Albert II and Waldemar I become the joint rulers of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst in Germany upon the death of their father, Prince Albert I.
- September 5 – The coronation of Jacques Deuze as Pope John XXII takes place at Avignon in France, as he becomes the 196th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. His papacy will last until 1334.
October – December
- October 1 – Birger, King of Sweden, issues a letter of protection to the women of the Karelian people in Finland, at the time a part of the Kingdom of Sweden. The letter is the oldest document in the National Archives of Sweden.[13]
- October 30 – A papal court in Avignon, with Cardinal Berengar Fredol the Elder presiding, rules that Juan Fernández was properly elected Bishop of León (now in Spain), dismissing a challenge by Juan García. Fernández had been elected a year before, but his confirmation by the Pope was delayed because of the challenge. Before Fernández can travel to Avignon, however, he passes away on December 17.
- November 15 – John of the House of Capet is born four months after the death of his father, King Louis X of France and, as the eldest (and only) son of King Louis, becomes King John I of France from the moment of his birth, with his uncle, Prince Philip the Tall, serving as regent. John dies, four days after his birth, on November 20.[14]
- November 20 – Upon the death of the infant John I, Philip the Tall, eldest surviving brother of King Louis X of France, becomes King Philip V
- December 16 – Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan becomes the new Mongol Ikhanate of the Middle East upon the death of his father, the Ikhan Öljaitü.
By place
England
- The Pound sterling experiences the greatest year of inflation in its history, at 100.04 percent, losing over half its value.[15]
مواليد
 |
- 2 مارس - الملك Robert II of Scotland (ت. 1390)
- April or May - Magnus IV، king of Sweden 1319-1364 (ت. 1374)
- 14 مايو - شارل الرابع، الامبراطور الروماني المقدس (ت. 1378)
- 7 نوفمبر - Simeon of Russia (ت. 1353)
- November 15 - King John I of France (ت. 20 نوفمبر)
- مجهولة التاريخ - Fa Ngum، King of Lan Xang (ت. 1393)
وفيات
- March 2 - Marjorie Bruce، Scottish princess, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (و. 1296)
- March 12 - King Stefan Dragutin of Serbia
- June 5 - King Louis X of France (و. 1289)
- July 5 - Infante Ferdinand of Majorca (و. 1278)
- August 2 - Louis of Burgundy، Prince of Achaea (و. 1297)
- August 10 - Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair، King of Connacht (in battle)
- November 20 - King John I of France (و. November 15)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Guillaume Guiart، French chronicler and poet
- Guo Shoujing، Chinese astronomer and mathematician
- Vytenis، Grand Prince of Lithuania
- Alauddin Khalji، sultan of Delhi, India
- Sang Sapurba، progenitor of the Malay kings of Malacca and Majapahit (و. 1245)
- Öljaitü، Khan of the Ilkhanate
الهامش
- ^ "Llywelyn ab Rhys", in Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 34, ed. by Sidney Lee. (Smith, Elder & Co, 1893) pp.21–22
- ^ أ ب Davies, R. R. (2000). The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063–1415, p. 436. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-19-820198-2.
- ^ "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji", by Banarsi Prasad Saksena, in A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanate (A.D. 1206-1526), Vol. ed. by Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (People's Publishing House, 1970)
- ^ . W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1964, reissued by Edinburgh University Press, 2013)
- ^ David Hume (1996). The History of the House of Douglas, p. 488.
- ^ Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, p. 112. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Peter Jackson (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History Cambridge University Press. .
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 156. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Rose, Hugh James (1857). A New General Biographical Dictionary, p. 89. Volume 11. London: Fellows.
- ^ Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). Tennis: A Cultural History, pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7185-0147-1.
- ^ أ ب Housley, Norman (1992). The Later Crusades, 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar, p. 165. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822136-4.
- ^ Hansisches Urkundenbuch (Hansischer Geschichtsverein, 1879) p.120
- ^ Jussi Nuorteva and Päivi Happonen, Suomen Arkistolaitos 200 vuotta/Arkivverket i Finland 200 år ("200 Years of Finnish Archive Services"] (in Finnish and Swedish) (Edita Publishing, 2016) p.9
- ^ "El episcopado de don García Miguel de Ayerbe y el conflictivo período de las tutorías de Alfonso XI para la catedral de León (1318–1332)", by Pablo Ordás Díaz, in La España Medieval 41 (2018), p. 258
- ^ Measuring worth.com