فلوريد المغنسيوم

Magnesium fluoride^[1]
الأسماء
	أسماء أخرى Sellaite; Irtran-1
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	22952 ;
رقم EC	231-995-1;
PubChem CID	24546;
رقم RTECS	OM3325000;
UNII	5N014C7IWU ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2FH.Mg/h21H;/q;;+2/p-2 Key: ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/2FH.Mg/h21H;/q;;+2/p-2 Key: ORUIBWPALBXDOA-NUQVWONBAK;
	SMILES F[Mg]F; [Mg+2].[F-].[F-];
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	MgF; 2
كتلة مولية	62.3018 g/mol
المظهر	Colorless to white tetragonal crystals
الكثافة	3.148 g/cm3
نقطة الانصهار
نقطة الغليان
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	0.013 g/(100 mL)
نتاج قابلية الذوبان، Ksp	5.16⋅10−11
قابلية الذوبان	Soluble in nitric acid; Slightly soluble in acetone; Insoluble in ethanol;
القابلية المغناطيسية	−22.7⋅10−6 cm3/mol
معامل الانكسار (nD)	1.37397
البنية
البنية البلورية	Rutile (tetragonal), tP6
الزمرة الفراغية	P42/mnm, No. 136
الكيمياء الحرارية
الإنتالپية المعيارية; للتشكل ΔfHo298	−1124.2 kJ/mol
Standard molar; entropy So298	57.2 J/(mol⋅K)
سعة الحرارة النوعية، C	61.6 J/(mol⋅K)
المخاطر
صفحة بيانات السلامة	ChemicalBook
ن.م.ع. مخطط تصويري
ن.م.ع. كلمة الاشارة	WARNING
ن.م.ع. عبارات المخاطر	H303, H315, H319, H335
ن.م.ع. العبارات الاحتياطية	P261, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P405
NFPA 704 (معيـَّن النار)	0 3 0
	الجرعة أو التركيز القاتل (LD, LC):
LD50 (الجرعة الوسطى)	2330[مطلوب توضيح] (rat, oral)
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	كلوريد المغنسيوم; بروميد المغنسيوم; يوديد المغنسيوم;
كاتيونات أخرى	فلوريد البريليوم; فلوريد الكالسيوم; فلوريد السترونشم; فلوريد الباريوم; فلوريد الراديوم;
مركـّبات ذات علاقة	فلوريد الهيدروجين; فلوريد الزنك; فلوريد الألومنيوم;
	ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	مراجع الجدول

فلوريد المغنسيوم is an ionically bonded inorganic compound with the formula Mg F
2. The compound is a colorless to white crystalline salt that is transparent over a wide range of wavelengths, such that it is used in the optical windows of space telescopes. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral sellaite.

الانتاج

Magnesium fluoride is prepared from magnesium oxide with sources of hydrogen fluoride such as ammonium bifluoride, by the breakdown of it:

MgO + [NH
4]HF
2 → MgF
2 + NH
3 + H
2O

Related metathesis reactions are also feasible:

Mg(OH)
2 + CuF
2 → MgF
2 + Cu(OH)
2

البنية

The compound crystallizes as tetragonal birefringent crystals. The structure of the magnesium fluoride is similar to that of rutile,^[4]^[5] featuring octahedral Mg²⁺ cations and 3-coordinate F−
anions.^[6]

Coordination geometry in magnesium fluoride^[7]
Magnesium coordination	Fluorine coordination

In the gas phase, monomeric MgF
2 molecules adopt a linear molecular geometry.^[4]^[5]

الاستخدامات

البصريات

Magnesium fluoride is transparent over an extremely wide range of wavelengths. Windows, lenses, and prisms made of this material can be used over the entire range of wavelengths from 0.120 μm (vacuum ultraviolet) to 8.0 μm (infrared). High-quality, synthetic magnesium fluoride is one of two materials (the other being lithium fluoride) that will transmit in the vacuum ultraviolet range at 121 nm (Lyman alpha).

Magnesium fluoride is tough and polishes well but is slightly birefringent and should therefore be cut with the optic axis perpendicular to the plane of the window or lens.^[6] Due to its suitable refractive index of 1.37, magnesium fluoride is commonly applied in thin layers to the surfaces of optical elements as an inexpensive anti-reflective coating.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Its Verdet constant is 0.00810 arcmin⋅G⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹ at 632.8 nm.^[8]

السلامة

Chronic exposure to magnesium fluoride may affect the skeleton, kidneys, central nervous system, respiratory system, eyes and skin, and may cause or aggravate attacks of asthma.^[9]

المراجع

^ W.M. Haynes, ed. (2016), "Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds", Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.), CRC Press, pp. 4–71 (789), ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3
^ "Magnesium Fluoride Material Safety Data Sheet". Science Labs. May 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
^ "Magnesium fluoride". CAS DataBase List. ChemicalBook. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
^ ^أ ^ب Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 413, 441. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
^ ^أ ^ب Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 117–119. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ ^أ ^ب Aigueperse, Jean; Mollard, Paul; Devilliers, Didier; Chemla, Marius; Faron, Robert; Romano, René; Cuer, Jean Pierre (2000). "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_307. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authors= (help)
^ Haines, J.; Léger, J. M.; Gorelli, F.; Klug, D. D.; Tse, J. S.; Li, Z. Q. (2001). "X-ray diffraction and theoretical studies of the high-pressure structures and phase transitions in magnesium fluoride". Phys. Rev. B. 64 (13) 134110. Bibcode:2001PhRvB..64m4110H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134110.
^ J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 2753 - 2757. DOI:10.1039/FT9969202753
^ "Magnesium Fluoride Material Safety Data Sheet". ESPI Metals. August 2004. Archived from the original on 2017-10-28. Retrieved October 13, 2017.

وصلات خارجية

Infrared windows at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
Crystran Data Archived 2012-03-21 at the Wayback Machine Crystran MSDS^{[dead link]}

?

[hand-1] W.M. Haynes, ed. (2016), "Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds", Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.), CRC Press, pp. 4–71 (789), ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3

[2] "Magnesium Fluoride Material Safety Data Sheet". Science Labs. May 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2017.

[3] "Magnesium fluoride". CAS DataBase List. ChemicalBook. Retrieved October 13, 2017.

[Wells-4] أ ^ب Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 413, 441. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.

[G&E-5] أ ^ب Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 117–119. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[Aigueperse-6] أ ^ب Aigueperse, Jean; Mollard, Paul; Devilliers, Didier; Chemla, Marius; Faron, Robert; Romano, René; Cuer, Jean Pierre (2000). "Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_307. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authors= (help)

[HLGKTL-7] Haines, J.; Léger, J. M.; Gorelli, F.; Klug, D. D.; Tse, J. S.; Li, Z. Q. (2001). "X-ray diffraction and theoretical studies of the high-pressure structures and phase transitions in magnesium fluoride". Phys. Rev. B. 64 (13) 134110. Bibcode:2001PhRvB..64m4110H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134110.

[8] J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996, 92, 2753 - 2757. DOI:10.1039/FT9969202753

[9] "Magnesium Fluoride Material Safety Data Sheet". ESPI Metals. August 2004. Archived from the original on 2017-10-28. Retrieved October 13, 2017.

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