18 (عدد)

"XVIII" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر 18 (توضيح).

← 17 18 19 →
← 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 → قائمة الأعداد الأعداد الصحيحة ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
كمي
ترتيبي	18 ()
نظام العد	octodecimal
التحليل لعوامل	2 × 32
القواسم	1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
العدد اليوناني	ΙΗ´
العدد الروماني	XVIII
ثنائي	100102
ثلاثي	2003
رباعي	1024
خماسي	335
سداسي	306
ثماني	228
اثنا عشري	1612
ستة عشري	1216
عشريني	I20
أساس 36	I36

18 (ثمانية عشر) هو عدد صحيح يلي العدد 17 ويسبق العدد 19 وهو عدد طبيعي موجب.

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 في الرياضيات

• ثمانية عشر هو عدد مؤلف، أي غير أولي، قواسمه هي 1، 2، 3، 6 و9. ثلاثة من تلك القواسم (3, 6 و 9) مجموعهم 18, ولذلك 18 هو semiperfect number. Eighteen is the first inverted square-prime of the form p·q².
• In base ten, it is a Harshad number.
• It is an abundant number, as the sum of its proper divisors is greater than itself (1+2+3+6+9 = 21). It is known to be a solitary number, despite not being coprime to this sum.
• It is the number of one-sided pentominoes.
• It is the only number where the sum of its written digits (1+8 = 9) is equal to half of itself (18/9 = 2).

 في العلوم

 الكيمياء

• ثمانية عشر هو الرقم الذري للأرگون.
• Group 18 of the periodic table is called the noble gases.
• The 18-electron rule is a rule of thumb in transition metal chemistry for characterising and predicting the stability of metal complexes.

 في الدين والأدب

• الكلمة العبرية التي تعني "حياة" هي חי (chai), which has a numerical value of 18. Consequently, the custom has arisen في الدوائر اليهودية to give donations and monetary gifts in multiples of 18 as an expression of blessing for long life.
• في اليهودية، في التلمود؛ Pirkei Avot (5:25), Rabbi Yehudah ben Teime gives the age of 18 as the appropriate age to get married ("Ben shmonah esra lechupah", at eighteen years old to the Chupah (marriage canopy)). (انظر Coming of age, Age of majority).
• Shemoneh Esrei (sh'MOH-nuh ES-ray) is a prayer that is the center of any Jewish religious service. Its name means "eighteen". The prayer is also known as the Amidah.
• في التقاليد الرومانية القديمة، العدد 18 يرمز إلى blood relative.
• Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22 was originally named Catch-18 because of the Hebrew meaning of the number, but was amended to the published title to avoid confusion with another war novel, Mila 18.
• هناك 18 فصلاً في بهاگاڤاد گيتا، محتواة في مهابهاراتا، التي تتكون من 18 كتاب. حرب كوروكشترا التي تصوِّر الملحمة، بين 18 جيشاً (11 في جانب كورو، و 7 في جانب پانداڤا). الحرب نفسها استمرت 18 يوماً. في الملحمة الهندوسية الأخرى، الرامايانا، الحرب بين راما والعفاريت استمرت أيضاً 18 يوماً.
• في البابية أول 18 صحابي للباب كانوا يـُعرفون بلقب Letters of the Living.

 كرقم حظ أو نحس

• In Chinese tradition, 18 pronounced 十八 (shí bā) and is considered a lucky number due to similarity with 實發 (shì fā) 'definitely get rich', 'to get rich for sure'.
• According to applications of numerology in Judaism, the letters of the word chai ("living") add up to 18. Thus, 18 is considered a lucky number and many gifts for B'nai Mitzvot and weddings are in $18 increments.

 عـُمْر 18

انظر أيضاً: Motion picture content rating system, Coming of age, and Voting age

In most countries, 18 is the age of majority (adulthood) and also the voting age.

In eleven states of the United States, 18 is the age of sexual consent.

In most US states and pursuant to federal law, 18 is the minimum age to purchase firearms (with the exception of handguns) 18 is also the minimum age to get married without parental consent.

It is the minimum age at which one can purchase, rent, or buy tickets to NC-17-rated films or buy video games with an AO rating.

It is also the age of sexual consent under U.S. federal law (although this law only applies in circumstances involving transportation or transaction between different states or outside the United States).

In addition, Pennsylvania has a corruption of minors law that makes the de facto age of consent there 18. This is also the case in some jurisdictions outside the United States, including Canada.

 في الرياضة

• In association football (soccer), "the 18" is a slang term for the penalty area.
• In Australian rules football (except in AFL Women's), each team has 18 players on the field during play.
• There are 18 holes on a regulation golf course.
• In Nippon Professional Baseball (Japanese baseball), No.18 is known as Ace number.

 في المجالات الأخرى

ثمانية عشر هي أيضاً:

• A 2005 movie directed by Richard Bell and starring Brendan Fletcher and Alan Cumming.
• A 2002 album by electronic artist Moby.
• The number of chapters into which James Joyce's epic novel Ulysses is divided.
• Russ Wheeler's car number in the film Days of Thunder.
• The number of wheels on the most common type of North American tractor-trailer truck, which are hence often called 18-wheelers.
• The number of the French department Cher and the Turkish province Bitlis.
• DVD-18 is double-sided, double-layered DVD format.
• A Canon error message, see E18 error.
• Android 18, a fictional character in the Dragon Ball manga and anime series.
• 18th Street gang, a Hispanic American gang.
• The Hindu epic Mahabharata has eighteen sections, involves eighteen armies and is about a war fought over eighteen days.
• In the Chinese mythos, Hell has 18 levels.
• In Chinese folklore, the Shaolin temple had a group of 18 bronze Monks. Initiates could only be considered full graduates of Shaolin martial arts if they could defeat them in combat.
• In Neo-Nazi circles 18 is the numerical sign for Adolf Hitler (1 standing for A and 8 standing for H). It is also the number for the UK-based terrorist group Combat 18.
• In 1990 Megadeth released "Hangar 18" as a single from Rust in Peace.
• Eighteen Visions (often abbreviated to 18V), an alternative metal/metalcore band from Orange County, California.
• Eighteen Eighteen, a South African Rap artist.
• "I'm Eighteen", Alice Cooper's first Top Ten hit single, from their 1971 album Love It to Death.
• A surname, recorded in East Anglia in the 18th century.
• In English speech, commonly confused with the number 80, as they sound similar when spoken

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 انظر أيضاً

• Numeral system