علوم اجتماعية

إذا كنت تريد the integrated field of study intended to promote civic competence، انظر Social studies. إذا كنت تريد the social-political-economic theory first pioneered by Karl Marx، انظر Scientific socialism.

"العلوم الاجتماعية" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر العلوم الاجتماعية (توضيح).

Archaeology is one of the social sciences.

العلوم الاجتماعية social sciences مجموعة من التخصصات العلمية التي تدرس النواحي الانسانية للعالم و الحياة . لكنها تفترق عن العلوم الإنسانية humanities و الفنون في تأكيدها الدائم و محاولتها المستمرة لتطبيق المنهج العلمي scientific method و قواعد و معايير علمية صارمة في دراسة النواحي الإنسانية بما في ذلك الطرق الكمية quantitative method و الطرق الكيفية qualitative method

تعرف العلوم الاجتماعية أيضا بالعلوم المرنة soft sciences في مقابل العلوم الصلبة hard sciences .

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الفروع

The social science disciplines are branches of knowledge taught and researched at the college or university level. Social science disciplines are defined and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned social science societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong. Social science fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous.

انظر أيضاً

عام

• Outline of social science
• مجتمع
• ثقافة
• Structure and agency
• Humanities (human science)

السبل

• Historical method
• Empiricism
• Ethnography
• Representation theory
• Scientific method
• Statistical hypothesis testing
• Regression
• Correlation
• Terminology
• Participatory Action Research

المجالات

• Political sciences
• Natural sciences
• Behavioural sciences
• Geographic information science

تاريخ

• History of science
• History of technology

القوائم

• Fields of science
• Outline of academic disciplines

People

• Aristotle
• Plato
• Confucius
• Augustine
• Niccolò Machiavelli
• Émile Durkheim
• Max Weber
• Karl Marx
• Friedrich Engels
• Herbert Spencer
• Sir John Lubbock
• Alfred Schutz
• Adam Smith
• David Ricardo
• Jean-Baptiste Say
• John Maynard Keynes
• Robert Lucas
• Milton Friedman
• Sigmund Freud
• Jean Piaget
• Noam Chomsky
• B.F. Skinner
• John Stuart Mill
• Thomas Hobbes
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Montesquieu
• John Locke
• David Hume
• Auguste Comte
• Steven Pinker
• John Rawls

Other

• Behaviour
• Ethology and Ethnology
• Game theory
• Gulbenkian commission
• Labelling
• Periodic table of human sciences (Tinbergen's four questions)
• Social action
• Philosophy of social sciences

ببليوگرافيا

• Michie, Jonathan, ed. Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences (2 vol. 2001) 1970 pages annotating the major topics in the late 20th century in all the social sciences.

20th and 21st centuries sources

• Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Byrne, D.S. (1998). Complexity theory and the social sciences: an introduction. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16296-3
• Kuper, A., and Kuper, J. (1985). The Social Science Encyclopedia. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (ed., a limited preview of the 1996 version is available)
• Lave, C.A., and March, J.G. (1993). An introduction to models in the social sciences. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.
• Perry, John and Erna Perry. Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Social Science (12th Edition, 2008), college textbook
• Potter, D. (1988). Society and the social sciences: An introduction. London: Routledge [u.a.].
• David L. Sills and Robert K. Merton (1968). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences.
• Seligman, Edwin R.A. and Alvin Johnson (1934). Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. (13 vol.)
• Ward, L.F. (1924). Dynamic sociology, or applied social science: As based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. New York: D. Appleton.
• Leavitt, F.M., and Brown, E. (1920). Elementary social science. New York: Macmillan.
• Bogardus, E.S. (1913). Introduction to the social sciences: A textbook outline. Los Angeles: Ralston Press.
• Small, A.W. (1910). The meaning of social science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

19th century sources

• Andrews, S.P. (1888). The science of society. Boston, Mass: Sarah E. Holmes.
• Denslow, V.B. (1882). Modern thinkers principally upon social science: What they think, and why. Chicago: Belford, Clarke & Co.
• Harris, William Torrey (1879). Method of Study in Social Science: A Lecture Delivered Before the St. Louis Social Science Association, March 4, 1879. St. Louis: G.I. Jones and Co, 1879.
• Hamilton, R.S. (1873). Present status of social science. A review, historical and critical, of the progress of thought in social philosophy. New York: H.L. Hinton.
• Carey, H.C. (1867). Principles of social science. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co. [etc.]. Volume I, Volume II, Volume III.
• Calvert, G.H. (1856). Introduction to social science: A discourse in three parts. New York: Redfield.

مصادر عامة

• Backhouse, Roger E., and Philippe Fontaine, eds. A historiography of the modern social sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
• Backhouse, Roger E.; Fontaine, Philippe, eds. (2010). The History of the Social Sciences Since 1945. Cambridge University Press.; covers the conceptual, institutional, and wider histories of economics, political science, sociology, social anthropology, psychology, and human geography.
• Delanty, G. (1997). Social science: Beyond constructivism and realism. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hargittai, E. (2009). Research Confidential: Solutions to Problems Most Social Scientists Pretend They Never Have. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-02653-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)ISBN 978-0-472-05026-0, 978-0-472-07026-8
• Hunt, E.F.; Colander, D.C. (2008). Social science: An introduction to the study of society. Boston: Peason/Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-52406-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Carey, H.C.; McKean, K. (1883). Manual of social science; Being a condensation of the Principles of social science. Philadelphia: Baird.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Galavotti, M.C. (2003). Observation and experiment in the natural and social sciences. Boston studies in the philosophy of science. 232. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. ISBN 978-1-4020-1251-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Gorton, W.A. (2006). Karl Popper and the social sciences. SUNY series in the philosophy of the social sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Harris, F.R. (1973). Social science and national policy. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books. ISBN 978-1-4128-3445-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) distributed by Dutton
• Krimerman, L.I. (1969). The nature and scope of social science: A critical anthology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Rule, J.B. (1997). Theory and progress in social science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Shionoya, Y. (1997). Schumpeter and the idea of social science: A metatheoretical study. Historical perspectives on modern economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Singleton, Royce, A.; Straits, Bruce C. (1988). Approaches to Social Research. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514794-0. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Thomas, D. (1979). Naturalism and social science: a post-empiricist philosophy of social science. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-29660-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Trigg, R. (2001). Understanding social science: A philosophical introduction to the social sciences. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishers.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Weber, M. (1906) [1904]. The Relations of the Rural Community to Other Branches of Social Science, Congress of Arts and Science: Universal Exposition. St. Louis: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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Academic resources

• The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, ISSN 1552-3349 (electronic) ISSN 0002-7162 (paper), SAGE Publications
• Efferson, C. and Richerson, P.J.(In press). A prolegomenon to nonlinear empiricism in the human behavioral sciences. Philosophy and Biology. Full text

Opponents and critics

• George H. Smith (2014). Intellectuals and Libertarianism: Thomas Sowell and Robert Nisbet
• Phil Hutchinson, Rupert Read and Wes Sharrock (2008). There's No Such Thing as a Social Science. ISBN 978-0-7546-4776-8
• Sabia, D.R., and Wallulis, J. (1983). Changing social science: Critical theory and other critical perspectives. Albany: State University of New York Press.

وصلات خارجية

• Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR) (JAPAN)
• Centre for Social Work Research
• Family Therapy and Systemic Research Centre
• International Conference on Social Sciences
• International Social Science Council
• Introduction to Hutchinson et al., There's No Such Thing as a Social Science
• Intute: Social Sciences (UK)
• Social Science Research Society
• Social Science Virtual Library
• Social Science Virtual Library: Canaktanweb (Turkish)
• Social Sciences And Humanities
• UC Berkeley Experimental Social Science Laboratory
• The Dialectic of Social Science by Paul A. Baran
• American Academy Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences
• Social Phenomena by Teng Wang