روپية إندونيسية

روپية إندونيسية
Rupiah
Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) banknotes.png
سلسلة الأبطال الوطنيين، الصادرة عن بنك إندونيسيا في ديسمبر 2016.
ISO 4217
الكودIDR
الفئات
الوحدات الفرعية
 1/100سِن (لاغي)a
الرمزRp
الأوراق النقدية
 شائع الاستخدامRp2,000, Rp5,000, Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000, Rp100,000
 نادر الاستخدامRp1,000
العملات
 شائع الاستخدامRp100, Rp200, Rp500, Rp1,000
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون) إندونيسيا
الإصدار
البنك المركزيBank Indonesia
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.bi.go.id
الطباعةPerum Peruri
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.peruri.co.id
مصلحة صك العملةPerum Peruri
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.peruri.co.id
القيمة
التضخم3.30 %
 المصدرBank Indonesia
 الطريقةCPI
a) The sub-unit sen is no longer in practical use. However, financial reports and bank statements do record monetary amount in sen (e.g. Rp1.234,56 - Indonesian uses comma as decimal separator).

The rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. The name "Rupiah" is derived from the Indian word rupiya (रुपीया), ultimately from Sanskrit rupyakam (रूप्यकम्; silver). Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ("silver" in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen, although inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in sen obsolete.

Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch.

The Riau islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah in the past, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971 respectively (see Riau rupiah and West Irian rupiah).

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العملات

Indonesian rupiah coins[1]
الصورة القيمة السلسلة القطر السمك الوزن المادة الوجه الظهر التواجد
IDR 50 Koin.JPG Rp 50 1999 20 mm 2 mm 1.36 g Aluminium Garuda Pancasila Black-naped oriole bird and coin value Very low
IDR 100 Koin.JPG Rp 100 1999 23 mm 2 mm 1.79 g Palm cockatoo bird and coin value High
IDR 200 Koin.JPG Rp 200 2003 25 mm 2.3 mm 2.38 g Bali myna bird and coin value
IDR 500 Koin 3.JPG Rp 500 1991 24 mm 1.8 mm 5.29 g Aluminium-bronze Jasmine flower and coin value Low
IDR 500 Koin 2.JPG 1997 1.83 mm 5.34 g Low
IDR 500 Koin.JPG 2003 27 mm 2.5 mm 3.1 g Aluminium High
IDR 1000 Koin 2.JPG Rp 1,000 1993 26 mm 2 mm 8.6 g Bi-metal, nickel and aluminium bronze Palm tree and coin value Very low
IDR 1000 Koin.JPG 2010 24.15 mm 1.6 mm 4.5 g Nickel-plated steel Garuda Pancasila and coin value Angklung and Gedung Sate High (mintage 719 million)[بحاجة لمصدر]


البنكنوت

المقالة الرئيسية: بنكنوت الروپية
Rupiah banknotes usually feature Indonesian National Heroes. Here Pattimura (Thomas Matulessy) is featured in the old 1,000-rupiah banknote.
2016 Indonesian Rupiah "National Heroes" Series
Image Value Main colour Description Date of issue
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse
Indonesia 2016 1000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 1000r r.jpg Rp 1,000 Yellow-Green Cut Nyak Meutia Tifa dance and Banda Neira 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 2000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 2000r r.jpg Rp 2,000 Grey Mohammad Husni Thamrin Piring dance and Sianok Canyon 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 5000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 5000r r.jpg Rp 5,000 Brown Idham Chalid Gambyong dance and Mount Bromo 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 10000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 10000r r.jpg Rp 10,000 Purple Frans Kaisiepo Pakarena dance and Wakatobi National Park 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 20000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 20000r r.jpg Rp 20,000 Green Sam Ratulangi Gong dance and Derawan Islands 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 50000r o.jpg Indonesia 2016 50000r r.jpg Rp 50,000 Light Blue Djuanda Kartawidjaja Legong dance and Komodo National Park 19 December 2016
Indonesia 2016 100000IDR.jpg Indonesia 2016 100000r r.jpg Rp 100,000 Light Red Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta Topeng Betawi dance and Raja Ampat Islands 19 December 2016

معدل الصرف والتضخم

The rupiah has been subject to high inflation for most of its existence (which as an internationally recognised currency should be dated to 1950). Various attempts have been made to maintain the value of the currency, but all were abandoned.

1946–1949 الفترة الثورية

In the period from October 1946 to March 1950 Indonesian currency had no international recognition. Its value was determined on the black market.

1949–1965 قيود التحويل الأجنبي

The exchange rate determined upon independence in 1949 was 3.8 rupiah to US$1. Lembaga Alat-Alat Pembajaran Luar Negeri Publication #26 March 11, 1950 (effective 13 March) established the Foreign Exchange Certificate System (FECS).[2] By the trade-in certificates an export rate of Rp 7.6 and an import rate of Rp 11.4 was established.

1966–1971 الاستقرار والنمو

1971–1978 فترة معدل الصرف الثابت

The exchange rate of 415 rupiah to the US dollar, which had been established in August 1971, was maintained by government intervention in the currency market, buying and selling currency as needed.[3]

فترة التعويم الحكوم 1978–1997

10,000 rupiah 1992 banknote displaying Borobudur temple


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1978–1986 خفض قيمة العملة

By 1978, the combination of a fall in oil prices and a decrease in foreign reserves meant that the rupiah was devalued 33% to Rp 625 to US$1 on 16 November 1978 (although prices had increased nearly fourfold over the period).

أكتوبر 1986 – يونيو 1997: US$ real exchange parity

1997–1999: الأزمة المالية الآسيوية (والرد)

First stage of the crisis – limited initial falls

Response to the falls – crisis

Rupiah since 1999: relative stability

سعر الصرف IDR الحالي
من Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD
من Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD
من XE.com: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD
من OANDA: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY SGD

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Instrumen Tunai. Bank Indonesia
  2. ^ http://www.bi.go.id/msmbiweben/pra_content.asp?id=22 Archived 25 سبتمبر 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Indonesia Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistic. Photius.com. Retrieved on 28 July 2011.
  • Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991 (18th ed. ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-150-1. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  • Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9. 
  • Cribb, Robert, ‘Political dimensions of the currency question 1945–1947’, Indonesia 31 (April 1981), pp. 113–136. [cip.cornell.edu/handle/seap.indo/1107015200]
  • Katalog Uang Kertas Indonesia 1782–2005. P.T. Sugiya Abadi Sentosa. 2005.

وصلات خارجية


سبقه:
لا سابق في العصر الحديث 		عملة إندونيسيا
1945 – 		تبعه:
الحالية
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