1847
► | قرن 18 | << قرن 19 >> | قرن 20 | ◄
► | عقد 1810 | عقد 1820 | عقد 1830 | << عقد 1840 >> | عقد 1850 | عقد 1860 | عقد 1870 | ◄
► | ► | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | << 1847 >> | 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1847م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1847م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1847
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 18 - القرن 19 - القرن 20 |
| العقود: | عقد 1810 عقد 1820 عقد 1830 - عقد 1840 - عقد 1850 عقد 1860 عقد 1870 |
| السنوات: | 1844 1845 1846 - 1847 - 1848 1849 1850 |
| 1847 في موضوعات: |
| الإنسانيات |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى |
| حسب البلد |
| مصر – سوريا - إيران – الصين - فرنسا – ألمانيا – الدولة العثمانية – إيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغرب– روسيا - اليابان – البرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة – إندونسيا |
| موضوعات أخرى |
| السكك الحديدية – العلوم – الرياضة |
| قوائم الزعماء |
| الدول ذات السيادة – زعماء الدول – حكام الأقاليم – الزعماء الدينيون |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد – الوفيات |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات |
| تصنيف الأعمال |
| الأعمال |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1847 MDCCCXLVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2600 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1296 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6597 |
| التقويم البهائي | 3–4 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1254 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2797 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 10 Vict. 1 – 11 Vict. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2391 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1209 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7355–7356 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙午年 (النار الحصان) 4543 أو 4483 — إلى — 丁未年 (النار الماعز) 4544 أو 4484 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1563–1564 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 3013 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1839–1840 |
| التقويم العبري | 5607–5608 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1903–1904 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1769–1770 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4948–4949 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11847 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 847–848 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1225–1226 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1263–1264 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kōka 4 (弘化４年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4180 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 65 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前65年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2390 |
سنة 1847 (MDCCCXLVII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الجمعة (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1847 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 847 في الألفية 2، السنة 47 في القرن 19، والسنة 8 في عقد 1840 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1847 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
- January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S government.
- January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California.
- January 16 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
- January 17 – St. Anthony Hall fraternity is founded at Columbia University، New York City.
- January 30 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
- فبراير - الأمير عبد القادر يلجأ مرة أخرى إلى المغرب (اللجوء الأول كان في نوفمبر 1846). حاول بوجو أن يطارده، ولكن الحكومة الفرنسية عارضته. He then asks for the means to reduce the Kabyles , but does not obtain satisfaction. He was deprived of the right to grant concessions in civil territory and a credit of three million for military colonization.
- February 5 – A rescue effort, called the First Relief, leaves Johnson's Ranch to save the ill-fated Donner Party (California-bound emigrants who became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada earlier this winter; some have resorted to survival cannibalism).
- February 22 – Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista – 5,000 American troops under General Zachary Taylor use their superiority in artillery to drive off 15,000 Mexican troops under Antonio López de Santa Anna، defeating the Mexicans the next day.
- February 25 – State University of Iowa is founded in Iowa City, Iowa.
- March – First known publication of the classic joke "Why did the chicken cross the road?", in The Knickerbocker, or New-York Monthly Magazine.
- March 1
- The state of Michigan formally abolishes the death penalty.
- Faustin Soulouque is elected President of Haiti.
- March 4 – The 30th United States Congress is sworn into office.
- March 9 – Mexican–American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico near Veracruz.
- March 14 – Verdi's opera Macbeth premieres at the Teatro della Pergola، in Florence، Italy.
- March 29 – Mexican–American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
أبريل-يونيو
- April 5 – The world's first municipally-funded civic public park، Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead on Merseyside، England, is opened.[1]
- 5 أبريل - حاكم ساحل الذهب وليام وينيت والمبشر توماس فريمان، في أبومي، يوقعان اتفاقية تجارة مع مملكة داهومي.
- 13 أبريل - محمد بن عبد الله بومعزة يستسلم للعقيد سان-أرنو.
- April 15 – The Lawrence School, Sanawar is established in India.
- April 16 – New Zealand Wars: A minor Māori chief is accidentally shot by a junior British Army officer in Whanganui on New Zealand's North Island، triggering the Wanganui Campaign (which continues until July 23).
- April 25 – The Exmouth, carrying Irish emigrants from Derry bound for Quebec، is wrecked off Islay، with only three survivors from more than 250 on board.[2][3]
- May – The Architectural Association School of Architecture is founded in London.
- May 7 – In Philadelphia، the American Medical Association (AMA) is founded.
- May 8 – The Nagano earthquake leaves more than 8,600 people dead in Japan.
- May 8 — Bahrain's ruler Shaikh Mohamed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, signs a treaty with the British to prevent and combat the slave trade in the Arabian Gulf.
- 30 مايو - بوجو يستقيل من منصب الحاكم العام للجزائر، ويعود إلى فرنسا في 5 يونيو. ويحل محله بيدو منذ 20 يوليو. الأمير عبد القادر، بضغط من سلطان المغرب يُجبر على التفاوض.
- May 31 – Second Treaty of Erzurum: the Ottoman Empire cedes Abadan Island to the Persian Empire.
- June – E. H. Booth & Co. Ltd, which becomes the northern England supermarket chain Booths، is founded when tea dealer Edwin Henry Booth, 19, opens a shop called "The China House" in Blackpool.
- June 1 – The first congress of the Communist League is held in London.
- June 9 – Radley College، an English public school، is founded near Oxford as a High Anglican institution.[4]
- June 26 – The first passenger railway wholly within modern-day Denmark opens, from Copenhagen to Roskilde.[5]
يوليو-سبتمبر
- July 1 – The United States issues its first postage stamps (pictured).
The first U.S. postage stamps have portraits of Benjamin Franklin and George Washington. Though highly collectable, they are far from being the most valuable. - July 24 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley، resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
- July 26 – ليبيريا تحصل على استقلالها، وand adopts a North American-style Constitution , which reserves the status of citizen only to blacks from America and their descendants 6 . Its capital is Monrovia (cf. Monroe). Creation of the Liberian flag inspired by that of the United States .
- July 29 – The Cumberland School of Law is founded at Cumberland University، in Lebanon, Tennessee. At the end of this year, only 15 law schools exist in the United States.
- August 12 – Mexican–American War: U.S. troops of General Winfield Scott begin to advance along the aqueduct around Lakes Chalco and Xochimilco in Mexico.
- August 20 – Mexican–American War – Battle of Churubusco: U.S. troops defeat Mexican forces.
- August – Yale Corporation establishes the first graduate school in the United States, as Department of Philosophy and the Arts (renamed Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1892).
- 11 سبتمبر - دوق أومال يُعين حاكم عام للجزائر.، ويتولى المنصب في 5 أكتوبر (حتى 1848)
- September 14 – Mexican–American War: U.S. general Winfield Scott enters Mexico City، marking the end of organized Mexican resistance.
- September 30 – The Vegetarian Society is formed in the United Kingdom (it remains the oldest in the world).
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October – The last volcanic eruption of Mount Guntur in West Java occurs.
- October 12 – German inventors and industrialists Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske found Siemens & Halske to develop the electrical telegraph.
- October 19 – Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell in England.
- October 31 – Theta Delta Chi is founded as a social fraternity at Union College، Schenectady, New York.
- November 3–29 – Sonderbund War: In Switzerland, General Guillaume-Henri Dufour's Federal Army defeats the Sonderbund (an alliance of seven Catholic cantons) in a civil war, with a total of only 86 deaths.
- November 4–8 – James Young Simpson discovers the anesthetic properties of chloroform and first uses it, successfully, on a patient, in an obstetric case in Edinburgh.[6][7]
- November 10 – The first brew of Carlsberg beer is finished in Copenhagen.
- November 17 – The Battle of Um Swayya Spring takes place near a spring in Qatar, after a Bahraini force under Shaikh Ali bin Khalifa Deputy Ruler of Bahrain defeats the Al Binali tribe. The chief of the Al Binali, Isa bin Tureef, is slain in battle with over 70 fatalities from his side.
- December 14 – Emily Brontë and Anne Brontë publish Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, respectively, in a 3-volume set under the pen names of Ellis Bell and Acton Bell in England.
- December 20 – British Royal Navy steam frigate إتشإمإس Avenger (1845) is wrecked on the Sorelle Rocks in the Mediterranean Sea with the loss of 246 lives and only eight survivors.[8]
- 21 ديسمبر – Emir Abdelkader surrenders to the French in Algeria.
- 23 ديسمبر -
- استسلام الأمير عبد القادر للجنرال لاموريسيير، بشرط النقل إلى الشرق. The emir was first taken to Fort Lamalgue in Toulon , but the Revolution of February 1848 postponed his departure. He was interned in France in Pau, then in Amboise ( 1847-1852 ) 2 . Algeria is under French rule after the submission of Abd El-Kader ;
- the new Governor of the Cape Colony Sir Harry Smith (1847-1852 ) proclaimed that the eastern boundary of the colony was carried forward from the Great Fish River to the line formed by the Keiskamma River and the Tyhume River. The territory located between Keiskamma and Grand Kei , the district of Queen Adelaide, was annexed to the Cape Colony and took the name of British Cafrerie 7 . The victory of the British over the Xhosa tribes allows farmers to acquire new land. Harry Smith develops a policy of territorial expansion and segregation with regard to Africans.
مجهولة التاريخ
- The Great Famine continues in Ireland.
- The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the railroad town of Goldsborough، and the Wayne county seat is moved to the new town.
- Welfare in Sweden takes its first step with the introduction of the 1847 års fattigvårdförordning.
- Cartier، a luxury brand in France، is founded.
- László Magyar explored southern Africa : he crossed the Kalahari , then in 1848 went up the course of the Congo , along the Cuanza to Kwango . He reached the kingdom of Bié and married the daughter of a local chief, then set off for the upper Zambezi and the Congo
مواليد
يناير
- January 5 – Oku Yasukata، Japanese field marshal, leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army (ت. 1930)
- January 7 – Caspar F. Goodrich، American admiral (ت. 1925)
- January 24 – Radomir Putnik، Serbian field marshal (ت. 1917)
- January 27 – Ella Maria Dietz Clymer، American actress and author (ت. 1920)
- January 28 – Dorus Rijkers، Dutch naval hero (ت. 1928)
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فبراير
- February 3 – Warington Baden-Powell، British admiralty lawyer (ت. 1921)
- February 4 – Remus von Woyrsch، German field marshal (ت. 1920)
- February 5 – João Maria Correia Ayres de Campos, 1st Count of Ameal، Portuguese politician and antiquarian (ت. 1920)
- February 8 – Hugh Price Hughes، Methodist social reformer, first Superintendent of the West London Mission (ت. 1902)
- February 11 – Thomas Alva Edison، American inventor (ت. 1931)
- February 13 – Sir Robert McAlpine، Scottish builder (ت. 1930)
- February 15 – Robert Fuchs، Austrian composer (ت. 1927)
- February 16 – Philipp Scharwenka، Polish-German composer (ت. 1917)
- February 17 – Otto Blehr، Norwegian attorney, Liberal Party politician, 7th Prime Minister of Norway (ت. 1927)
March
- March 1 – Sir Thomas Brock، English sculptor (ت. 1922)
- March 2
- Isaac Barr، Anglican clergyman, promoter of British colonial settlement schemes (ت. 1937)
- Cayetano Arellano، first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil Government (ت. 1920)
- March 3 – Alexander Graham Bell، Scottish-born American inventor (ت. 1922)
- March 4 – Carl Josef Bayer، Austrian chemist (ت. 1904)
- March 14 – Castro Alves، Brazilian poet (ت. 1871)
- March 18 – William O'Connell Bradley، American politician from Kentucky (ت. 1914)
- March 23 – Edmund Gurney، British psychologist (ت. 1888)
- March 27
- Otto Wallach، German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (ت. 1931)
- Garret Barry، Irish musician (ت. 1899)
April
- April 2 – Charles Frederic Moberly Bell، British journalist, editor (ت. 1911)
- April 10 – Joseph Pulitzer، Hungarian-born journalist, newspaper publisher (ت. 1911)
- April 15 – Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter، Polish Hasidic rabbi (ت. 1905)
- April 27 – Emma Irene Åström، Finnish teacher, Finland's first female university graduate (ت. 1934)
May
- May 7 – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery، Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (ت. 1929)
- May 14 – Sir Frederick William Borden، Canadian politician (ت. 1917)
June
- June 8
- Oleksander Barvinsky، Ukrainian politician (ت. 1926)
- Ida Saxton McKinley، First Lady of the United States (ت. 1907)
- June 10 – Gina Krog، Norwegian suffragist (ت. 1916)
- June 11 – Dame Milicent Fawcett، British suffragist (ت. 1929)
- June 16 – Luella Dowd Smith، American educator, author, and reformer (ت. 1941)
July
- July 2 – Marcel Alexandre Bertrand، French geologist (ت. 1907)
- July 9 – Wong Fei-hung، Chinese healer, revolutionary (ت. 1925)
- July 19 – Alexander Meyrick Broadley، British historian (ت. 1916)
- July 20
- Lord William Beresford، Irish army officer, Victoria Cross recipient (ت. 1900)
- Max Liebermann، German painter, printmaker (ت. 1935)
- July 25 – Paul Langerhans، German pathologist, biologist (ت. 1888)
August
- August 3 – John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair، Canadian politician, Governor General (ت. 1934)
- August 5 – Andrey Selivanov، Russian general and politician (ت. 1917)
- August 21 – Hale Johnson، American temperance movement leader (ت. 1902)
September
- September 3 – Charles Stillman Sperry، American admiral (ت. 1911)
- September 5
- Jesse James، American outlaw (ت. 1882)
- Joseph Bucklin Bishop، American journalist, publisher (ت. 1928)
- September 17 – John I. Beggs، American businessman (ت. 1925)
- September 22 – Enrique Almaraz y Santos، Spanish Catholic cardinal (ت. 1922)
- September 23 – Anandamohan Bose، Indian politician, academic and social reformer (ت. 1906)
- September 30 – Wilhelmina Drucker، Dutch feminist (ت. 1925)
October
- October 1 – Annie Besant، English women's rights activist, writer and orator (ت. 1933)
- October 2 – Paul von Hindenburg، German field marshal, President of Germany (ت. 1934)
- October 3 – Lilian Whiting، American journalist, editor, and author (ت. 1942)
- October 13
- Sir Arthur Dyke Acland, 13th Baronet، British politician (ت. 1926)
- Maurice Bailloud، French general (ت. 1921)
- October 14 – Wilgelm Vitgeft، Russian admiral (ت. 1904)
- October 15 – Ralph Albert Blakelock، American romanticist painter (ت. 1919)
- October 16 – Maria Pia of Savoy، Queen consort of Portugal (ت. 1911)
- October 17 – Chiquinha Gonzaga، Brazilian composer (ت. 1935)
- October 19 – Aurilla Furber، American author, editor, and activist (ت. 1898)
- October 20 – Mifflin E. Bell، American architect (ت. 1904)
- October 22 – Koos de la Rey، Boer general (ت. 1914)
- October 30
- Charlie Bassett، American sheriff (ت. 1896)
- Thomas F. Porter، American politician, 32nd Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts (ت. 1927)
November
- November 1 – Dame Emma Albani، Canadian operatic soprano (ت. 1930)
- November 2 – Georges Sorel، French socialist philosopher (ت. 1922)
- November 6 – Ugo Balzani، Italian historian (ت. 1916)
- November 7 – Lotta Crabtree، American stage actress (ت. 1924)
- November 8
- Jean Casimir-Perier، 6th President of France (ت. 1907)
- Bram Stoker، Irish author of the Gothic novel Dracula (ت. 1912)
- November 26 – Dagmar of Denmark، empress of Tsar Alexander III of Russia (ت. 1928)
- November 30 – Afonso Pena، Brazilian president (ت. 1909)
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December
- December 1 – Agathe Backer-Grøndahl، Norwegian pianist, composer (ت. 1907)
- December 9 – George Grossmith، English comic writer and performer (ت. 1912)
- December 17
- Émile Faguet، French writer, critic (ت. 1916)
- Michel-Joseph Maunoury، French general during World War I (ت. 1923)
- December 18 – Augusta Holmès، French composer (ت. 1903)
- December 21 - John Chard، British Officer (ت. 1897)
- December 29 – Alexis-Xyste Bernard، Canadian Catholic bishop (ت. 1923)
- December 30 – John Peter Altgeld، American politician, 20th Governor of Illinois (ت. 1902)
وفيات
January–June
- January 19 – Charles Bent، first Governor of New Mexico Territory (و. 1799) (assassinated)
- February 3 – Marie Duplessis، French courtesan (و. 1824)
- February 5 – Luis José de Orbegoso، Peruvian general and politician, 11th and 12th President of Peru (و. 1795)
- March 9 – Mary Anning، British paleontologist (و. 1799)
- March 3 – Charles Hatchett، English chemist (و. 1765)[9]
- April 21 – Barbara Spooner Wilberforce، wife of British abolitionist William Wilberforce (و. 1777)
- April 30 – Archduke Charles of Austria، Austrian general (و. 1771)
- May 14 – Fanny Mendelssohn، German composer, pianist (و. 1805)
- May 15 – Daniel O'Connell، Irish politician who promoted the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 (و. 1775)
- May 16 – Vicente Rocafuerte، 2nd President of Ecuador (و. 1783)
- May 29 – Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy، French marshal (و. 1766)
- May 31 – Abbasgulu Bakikhanov، Azerbaijani writer (و. 1794)
- June 11 – Sir John Franklin، British explorer (و. 1786)
July–December
- July 7 – Thomas Carpenter، American glassmaker (و. 1752)
- July 16 – Karl Friedrich Burdach، German physiologist (و. 1776)
- September 4 – František Vladislav Hek، Czech patriot (و. 1769)
- September 13 – Nicolas Oudinot، French marshal (و. 1767)
- October 22
- Henriette Herz، German salonnière (و. 1764)
- Negus Sahle Selassie of Shewa (و. c. 1795)
- November 4 – Felix Mendelssohn، German composer (و. 1809)
- December 14
- Dorothy Ann Thrupp، British psalmist (و. 1779)
- Manuel José Arce، Central American politician (و. 1787)
- Barbarita Nieves، Venezuelan mistress of José Antonio Páez (و. 1803)
- Unknown: Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse، French balloonist and parachutist (و. 1775)
المراجع
- ^ "The History of Birkenhead Park". Archived from the original on June 26, 2008. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
- ^ "The Exmouth - a terrible tragedy on Islay". Isle of Islay. 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ "The Exmouth shipwreck off the Antrim Coast, Northern Ireland". My Secret Northern Ireland. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ Boyd, A. K. (1948). The History of Radley College 1847-1947. Oxford: Blackwell. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- ^ قالب:Marshall-GuinnessRail[صفحة مطلوبة]
- ^ First communicated to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, November 10, and published in a pamphlet, Notice of a New Anæsthetic Agent, in Edinburgh, November 12.
- ^ Gordon, H. Laing (2002). Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811–1870). Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4102-0291-8. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ Gilly, William Octavius Shakespeare (1850). Narratives of Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy between 1793 and 1849. London: John W. Parker.
- ^ "Charles Hatchett | British chemist | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- Historic Letters of 1847
- Turtle Bunbury، 1847 – A Chronicle of Genius, Generosity & Savagery, Gill, 2016. ISBN 9780717168347