1843

تحويل 1-1-1843م الى هجري  (وصلة خارجية)  | تحويل 31-12-1843م الى هجري  (وصلة خارجية)  | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1843

الألفية: الألفية 2
القرون: القرن 18 - القرن 19 - القرن 20
العقود: عقد 1810  عقد 1820  عقد 1830  - عقد 1840 -  عقد 1850  عقد 1860  عقد 1870
السنوات: 1840 1841 1842 - 1843 - 1844 1845 1846
1843 في موضوعات:
الإنسانيات
الآثارالعمارةالفنالأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى
حسب البلد
مصرسوريا - إيرانالصين - فرنساألمانياالدولة العثمانيةإيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغربروسيا - اليابانالبرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدةالولايات المتحدةإندونسيا
موضوعات أخرى
السكك الحديديةالعلومالرياضة
قوائم الزعماء
الدول ذات السيادةزعماء الدولحكام الأقاليمالزعماء الدينيون
تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات
المواليدالوفيات
تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات
التأسيساتالانحلالات
تصنيف الأعمال
الأعمال
1843 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري1843
MDCCCXLIII
آب أوربه كونديتا2596
التقويم الأرمني1292
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԲ
التقويم الآشوري6593
التقويم البهائي−1 – 0
التقويم البنغالي1250
التقويم الأمازيغي2793
سنة العهد البريطانيVict. 1 – 7 Vict. 1
التقويم البوذي2387
التقويم البورمي1205
التقويم البيزنطي7351–7352
التقويم الصيني壬寅(الماء النمر)
4539 أو 4479
    — إلى —
癸卯年 (الماء الأرنب)
4540 أو 4480
التقويم القبطي1559–1560
التقويم الديسكوردي3009
التقويم الإثيوپي1835–1836
التقويم العبري5603–5604
التقاويم الهندوسية
 - ڤيكرام سامڤات1899–1900
 - شاكا سامڤات1765–1766
 - كالي يوگا4944–4945
تقويم الهولوسين11843
تقويم الإگبو843–844
التقويم الإيراني1221–1222
التقويم الهجري1258–1259
التقويم اليابانيTenpō 14
(天保14年)
تقويم جوچىN/A
التقويم اليوليوسيالگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم
التقويم الكوري4176
تقويم مينگوو69 قبل جمهورية الصين
民前69年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي2386

سنة 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الأحد (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1843rd بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 843rd في الألفية 2، السنة 43rd في القرن 19، والسنة 4 في عقد 1840 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1843 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

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أحداث

حسب المكان

آسيا

December 20  : first attempt at evangelization of Kanaks in New Caledonia by the Marist fathers , who settle at Balade.

  • جاوة - famine broke out in the region of Cheribon following the decision to add the rice to the list of state crops 33 . The Cultuurstelsel causes great famines and revolts in parts of Java between 1843 and 1850 .

أفريقيا

  • البرتغال تتنازل عن جزر القمر لفرنسا.
  • الفرنسي أنطوان تومسون دابادي يصبح أول أوروپي يصل مملكة كافا، في الحبشة.
  • 15 مارس - Blaise Brüe arrives in Ouidah . In May, he negotiates a commercial agreement with King Ghézo of Abomey for the Régis house in Marseille , designed to promote the exploitation and trading of palm oil 1 .
  • 24 مارس - confiscation of indigenous lands in Algeria . Governor Bugeaud confiscated 200,000 ha of habous land (religious property), including 168,000 around Algiers (orders of 24 March 1843 and 21 July 1846). 55,000 hectares are allocated to European settlers, 32,000 to natives, 95,000 to State 2 . This decision results in the displacement of indigenous populations to the south.
  • أبريل - مايو، الجزائر - The revolts that break out in the Chélif valley at the beginning of the year oblige Bugeaud to create permanent military establishments in El-Asnam , which is renamed Orléansville ( April 26 ), then to Tenès ( May 3 ) , Tiaret , Teniet-el-Had and Boghar 3 , 4 .
  • 12 مايو - Napier proclamation. The United Kingdom annexes Natal to Cape Province in South Africa 5 . The Boers then undertake a second trek towards the Transvaal . They cross the Drakensberg , then the Orange River and found the Orange Free State .
16 مايو : le duc d’Aumale attaque la Smalah à Taguin - Édouard Detaille, 1886
  • 16 مايو - take the smala 3 . The Duke of Aumale attacks with surprise 600 horsemen the smala of Abd el-Kader at the source of Taguin and makes 3000 prisoners. The Smala is a tent city inhabited with 20 000 to 60 000 inhabitants that move with the regular troops of the emir 4 .
  • 7 يونيو، إثيوپيا]] - treaty of friendship of Angoläla between the king of the Shewa , Sahle Selassie , and the king of France, represented by Rochet d'Héricourt 6 .
  • 18 يونيو - French establishment of Fort-d'Aumale in the estuary of Gabon
    • Exports of slaves from the Gabon estuary (3,000 to 5,000 a year before 1845 ), which became more difficult with the establishment of the French military counter, are retreating to the south at Cape Lopez where the port of Sangatanga, capital of Orungu , became the largest slave port in the whole area (1850- 1860 ).
  • 16 أغسطس - departure of Saint-Louis from an expedition led by Raffenel . It goes up Senegal until Bakel ( September 2nd ), then the Faleme until Sansanding , visits the gold mines of Kéniéba in Bambouk ( December 15th ), explores the countries of Galam , Woolli and Boundou , then goes down the Gambia from Baracounda to the Ocean (end March 16, 1844 ) 8 .
  • 11 نوفمبر، الجزائر - French victory at the Battle of Sidi Yahia , during which the best lieutenant of Abd el-Kader Ben Allah is killed 4 .
  • Establishment in Cyrenaica of the Senusi religious order ( Sanūsiyya ), founded in Mecca in 1837 . It establishes fortified centers ( Zawiya ) in the regions bordering the southern Sahara and in the towns 9 . The sultan of Ouaddaï Mohammed Chérif , who met the founder of the brotherhood Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi during a pilgrimage to Mecca in the 1830s joined the brotherhood of Senousis . The road between Benghazi and Abeche is reactivated 10 .
  • French religious founded in Tunis a school of girls (1843) and a school of boys ( 1844 )

الأمريكتان

22 مايو : ouverture de la Piste de l'Oregon
  • 8 فبراير - زلزال في Pointe-à-Pitre.
  • 16 فبراير، أوروگواي - Montevideo is besieged by the whites and the Argentine dictator Rosas 13 (end in 1851 ). The Great War begins at the end of Fructuoso Rivera's term on March 1 st . The clash ends without a winner or defeated and leaves Uruguay in ruins.
  • 3 مارس - Disunion Letter . John Quincy Adams and twelve elected Whigs in Congress oppose the annexation of Texas by the United States 14 .
  • 14 مارس - Jean-Pierre Boyer , President of the Republic of Haiti since 1818, was forced to relinquish power 15 .
  • 8 أبريل - despotic presidency of Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco in Peru 16 (late July 17, 1844).
  • 20 أبريل - promulgation of a centralist and authoritarian Constitution in Colombia 17 .
  • 1 مايو - marriage in Rio de Janeiro the Prince de Joinville with the daughter of Emperor Dom Pedro of Brazil 18 .
  • 16 مايو - Battle of Campeche between the fleets of Mexico and Texas 19 .
  • 22 مايو - about 875 pioneers left the city of Independence and headed for the Oregon 20 . This is the beginning of a huge wave of migration to the west ( Oregon Trail ).
  • 29 مايو - Departure of Kansas City from the Fremont expedition , which explores California , which it will correct the mapping, hitherto approximate 21 .
  • يونيو - birth in the United States of the American Republican Party , party of the nativists 22 , which gathers Americans who demand that the access to the civil service and the right to vote is forbidden to the emigrants, in particular to the Irish, mostly Catholics .
  • 23 أغسطس - President Santa Anna announced that the annexation of Texas by the United States would be considered an act of war by Mexico 23 .

يناير-مارس

أبريل-يونيو


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يوليو-سبتمبر

أكتوبر-ديسمبر

مجهولة التاريخ

حسب الموضوع

الاقتصاد

  • 23 يناير - Jacob Christoph Rad receives a five-year Austrian privilege on his invention of the sugar cubes press. The sugar cubes comes into use.
  • 4 مارس - The first edition of the illustrated weekly L'Illustration appears in Paris.
  • 18 أبريل - With the Railways Act in the Kingdom of Württemberg , the Royal Württemberg State Railways are founded.
  • 2 مايو - Inauguration of the Paris-Orléans rail link .
  • 1 يوليو - In Leipzig, the first edition of the Illustrirten Zeitung appears as a licensed edition of 1842 founded in England magazine The Illustrated London News .
  • 1 أغسطس - Second foundation of the Magdeburg Stock Exchange
  • 2 سبتمبر - مجلة الإكونومست تتأسس في لندن.
  • 1 أكتوبر - The British weekly News of the World appears for the first time. It is published by John Browne Bell in London.

الرياضيات والفيزياء

  • 16 أكتوبر - عالم الرياضيات وليام روان هاملتون falls on the way in a brainstorm formula for quaternions (hypercomplex numbers). He cuts her into a stone of the Broom Bridge في دبلن.
  • 13 نوفمبر - William Rowan Hamilton puts on a lecture to the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin his theory of quaternions before, which is also a distinction between first scalar and vector - forces represents.
  • Heinrich Gustav von Magnus introduces his "Physical Colloquium" in Berlin, which became a "Physical Society" in 1845 (today the German Physical Society ).
  • مايكل فاراداي performs galvanic nickel plating لأول مرة .

الفلك

Der Große Komet von 1843
  • 5 فبراير - The Great March Comet of 1843 , a member of the Kreutz Group , is discovered. The extremely bright star is one of the great comets of the 19th century.
  • Johann Friedrich Benzenberg founds a private observatory in Bilk , which he calls Charlottenruhe .

انجازات تقنية

الفنون الجميلة


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الموسيقى والمسرح

الهولندي الطائر 1843
  • 2 يناير - The Opera The Flying Dutchman by Richard Wagner is premiered in Dresden with moderate success. After four performances, she is taken back from the schedule of the Royal Court Theater . Richard Wagner personally conducts the Royal Saxon Court Orchestra .
Don Pasquale, 2. Akt., Aufführung في پاريس، 1843
  • 3 يناير - Théâtre-Italien in Paris premieres the comic opera Don Pasquale by Gaetano Donizetti . The libretto is by Giovanni Domenico Ruffini .
  • 16 يناير - The premiere of the opera Le Part du diable ( The Devil's Share ) by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber takes place at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
  • 2 أبريل - The Gewandhaus Kapellmeister and composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy founds the conservatory of music in Leipzig .
  • 15 مارس - The opera Charles VI. by Jacques Fromental Halévy premieres in Paris.
  • 10 مايو - The premiere of the opera The Sicilian Vespers by Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner takes place في شتوتگارت.
  • 5 يونيو - The premiere of the opera Maria di Rohan by Gaetano Donizetti on a libretto by Salvadore Cammarano takes place at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. The title role is sung by Eugenia Tadolini , the two protagonists Carlo Guasco and Giorgio Ronconi . The work will be well received by Viennese critics and played throughout Europe for the next twenty years.
  • 9 نوفمبر - Chéri Maurice opens the Thalia Theater in Hamburg .
Dom Sébastien – Szene aus dem 2. Akt 1843/44
  • 13 نوفمبر - The opera Dom Sébastien by Gaetano Donizetti premieres at the Grand Opéra Paris . The libretto is by Eugène Scribe . Although with Rosine Stoltz and Gilbert Duprez a star cast can be summoned, the work is received by the criticism only lukewarm.
  • 2 ديسمبر - The premiere of the operetta Jag går i kloster ( I'm going to the monastery ) by Franz Berwald takes place at the Royal Theater in Stockholm.
  • 17 ديسمبر - The Vienna Men's Singing Association , founded on 6 October by August Schmidt , has its first public appearance. The first choristers are Anton M. Storch and Gustav Barth .


الأدب

  • 19 أكتوبر - In the Paris newspaper Le Journal des Débats appears the last episode of the sequel novel Mystères de Paris ( The secrets of Paris ), with the French writer Eugène Sue founded the genre of feature fiction novel .
  • 11 نوفمبر - في الدنمارك، Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Ugly Duckling is published.
  • 19 ديسمبر - The novel A Christmas Carol (German: A Christmas Carol ) by Charles Dickens is published.
  • Fanny Lewald تنشر الرواية Jenny .
  • Paul Rudolf من Bilguer publishes the manual of chess .

المجتمع والدين

الكوارث

حريق أوپرا برلين

مواليد

يناير-يونيو

يوليو-ديسمبر

مجهولة التاريخ

وفيات

يناير-يونيو

يوليو-ديسمبر

مجهولة التاريخ

المراجع

  1. ^ Hao, Yen-p'ing; Wang, Erh-min (1980). Fairbank, John King; Twitchett, Denis Crispin (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Late Ch'ing 1800-1911. Cambridge History of China. Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0521-2202-93.
  2. ^ Leonard, Jane Kate (1984). Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World. Harvard East Asian Monographs. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University. ISBN 978-0674-9485-56.
  3. ^ "Guadeloupe Earthquake, Antilles, 1843". The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters. Springer, Dordrecht. April 3, 2018. pp. 163–163. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_38. ISBN 978-90-481-3324-6.
  4. ^ "Emperor Street". World Digital Library. 1860–1870. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  5. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  6. ^ "Royal Visit". The Bristol Mirror. 20 July 1843. pp. 1–2.
  7. ^ Fuegi, John; Francis, Jo (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (4): 16–26. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
  8. ^ "Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace". Archived from the original on July 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Menabrea, L. F. (1843). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage". Scientific Memoirs. 3. Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-01. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ p. 345 of the Lutheran Cyclopedia
  11. ^ "William Rowan Hamilton Plaque". Geograph. 2007. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
  12. ^ Wen-Hsin Yeh, The Alienated Academy: Culture and Politics in Republican China, 1919-1937 (Harvard University Asia Center, 2000) p51
  13. ^ Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway (John Wiley & Sons, 2013)
  14. ^ George Dennis, A Handbook for Travellers in Sicily: Including Palermo, Messina, Catania, Syracuse, Etna, and the Ruins of the Greek Temples (John Murray Publishers, 1864) p429
  15. ^ Jan Kozák and Vladimir Cermák, The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters (Springer, 2010) p55
  16. ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
  17. ^ Dickens, Charles (2006). Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert (ed.). A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books. Oxford world's classics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280694-9.
  18. ^ Buday, György (1992). "The history of the Christmas card". Omnigraphics: 8.
  19. ^ Joule, J. P. (1843). "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat". Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London. 5: 839. doi:10.1098/rspl.1843.0196. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  20. ^ Meggs, Philip B. (1998). A History of Graphic Design (3rd ed.). Wiley. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-471-29198-5. It receives قالب:US Patent in 1847 and is placed in commercial use the same year.
  21. ^ "Guadalupe Victoria" (in Spanish). Historia-Biografia.com. November 21, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

ru-sib:1843