مرجان (سمك)

(تم التحويل من Coral reef fish)
تتميز الأسماك التي تعيش في الشعاب المرجانية بالتعدد والتنوع.

سمك المرجان Coral reef fish، هو سمك يعيش بين أو بالقرب من الشعاب المرجانية. وتتمتع الشعاب المرجانية بنظم بيئية متنوعة ومعقدة.


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نظرة عامة

In the foreground is an orange-lined triggerfish displaying spines. Triggerfish have mouths that crush shells. Orange-lined triggerfish are particularly aggressive. The black and white fish are three-stripe damselfish and the unstriped fish are blue-green chromis damselfish. If the triggerfish attacks, the damselfish will hide in the nearby pillar coral. If the triggerfish wants to hide, it will squeeze into a coral crevice and lock itself in place with its spines.



التنوع والانتشار

انتشار الشعاب المرجانية.


تكيفات أسماك المرجان

التناقض بين أسماك الشعاب المرجانية والمياه المفتوحة.
Many reef fish, like this queen angelfish, have a body flattened like a pancake, with pectoral and pelvic fins that act with the flattened body to maximize manoeuvrability.
In contrast, open water fish like this Atlantic bluefin tuna, are usually streamlined for straightline speed, with a deeply forked tail and a smooth body shaped like a spindle tapered at both ends. They are countershaded with silvery colours.

شكل الجسم

الألوان

The psychedelic mandarinfish is one of only two animal species known to have blue colouring because of cellular pigment.[6]
The well camouflaged striated frogfish, a species of anglerfish, are ambush predators.



استراتيجيات التغذية

آكلات اللحوم العامة

Red snapper, are generalized reef feeders with standard jaw and mouth structures that allow them to eat almost anything, though they prefer small fish and crustaceans.


آكلات اللحوم المتخصصة

Nuvola apps kview.png صور خارجية
Nuvola apps xmag.png Giant moray with cleaner wrasses
Nuvola apps xmag.png Porcupinefish with cleaner wrasses


الحيوانات العاشبة

Surgeonfish are among the most common of coral reef herbivores, often feeding in shoals. This may be a mechanism for overwhelming the highly aggressive defence responses of small territorial damselfishes that vigorously guard small patches of algae on coral reefs.[7]



التكافل

A hawkfish, safely perched on Acropora, surveys its surroundings


Nuvola apps kview.png صور خارجية
Nuvola apps xmag.png Perlfish emerging from a sea cucumber
Nuvola apps xmag.png Clownfish swimming among coral



A monogenean parasitic on the Blacktip grouper



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السمية

Head on view of the beautiful but venomous lionfish[8]



قروش وشفنين المرجان

Photo of a swimming whitetip reef shark, facing three-quarters towards the camera
The whitetip reef shark almost exclusively inhabits coral reefs.


Three gray sharks lying beside each other on the sea bottom.
Whitetip reef sharks spend much of the day lying still on the bottom.


A shark swimming parallel to a reef ledge in the foreground, with many smaller fish nearby
Adult blacktip reef sharks are often found patrolling reef ledges.


Photo of shark swimming next to coral drop-off
Coral reef drop-offs are favoured habitat for grey reef sharks.


A Caribbean reef shark cruises a coral reef in the Bahamas.


انظر أيضاً


الهوامش

  1. ^ Depczynski M, Bellwood DR (2005) "Shortest recorded vertebrate lifespan found in a coral reef fish" Current Biology, 15 (8): R288-R289.
  2. ^ Guinness Book of World Records (2009)
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Batrachoididae" in FishBase. September 2009 version.
  4. ^ "Opsanus beta". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. September 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.
  5. ^ Moyle and Cech 2003, pp. 4.
  6. ^ Goda, M.; R. Fujii (2009). "Blue Chromatophores in Two Species of Callionymid Fish". Zoological Science. 12 (6): 811–813. doi:10.2108/zsj.12.811.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Mixed schooling and its possible significance in a tropical western Atlantic parrotfish and surgeonfish. WS Alevizon, Copeia 1976:797-798.
  8. ^ "Pterois volitans". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. July 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.
  9. ^ "Synanceja verrucosa". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. July 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.
  10. ^ "The Stonefish – The Deadliest Fish in The World", Virginia Wells, Petplace.com.
  11. ^ "Uranoscopus sulphureus". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. July 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.

المصادر

  • Moyle, PB and Cech, JJ (2003) Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology. 5th Ed, Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-13-100847-2

وصلات خارجية