بياتريكس من هولندا
| بياتريكس Beatrix | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Formal portrait, 2015 | |||||
| ملكة هولندا | |||||
| العهد | 30 أبريل 1980 – 30 أبريل 2013 | ||||
| Inauguration | 30 April 1980 | ||||
| سبقه | يوليانا | ||||
| ولي العهد | ڤيلم-ألكسندر من هولندا | ||||
| رؤساء الوزراء | |||||
| وُلِد | 31 يناير 1938 Baarn، هولندا | ||||
| الزوج | كلاوس فان أمسبرگ | ||||
| الأنجال تفاصيل | ڤيلم-ألكسندر، أمير اورانج الأمير فريسو من اورانج-ناساو الأمير قنسطنطين من هولندا | ||||
| |||||
| البيت | اورانج-ناساو | ||||
| الأب | الأمير برنارد من ليپ-بيستريفلد | ||||
| الأم | جوليانا من هولندا | ||||
| الديانة | الكنيسة الپروتسنتية في هولندا | ||||
| التوقيع |  | ||||
 |
| *جلالة الملكة
* عضو البيت الملكي الهولندي
|
بياتريكس (بياتريكس ڤلهلمينا أرمگارد، النطق الهولندي: [ˈbeːjaˌtrɪks ˌʋɪlɦɛlˈmina ˈɑrmɣɑrt] (
استمع)؛ و. 31 يناير 1938)، هي ولية عهد مملكة هولندا.
Beatrix was born during the reign of her maternal grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina, and became heiress presumptive upon the accession of her mother, Queen Juliana, in 1948. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University. In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg, a German diplomat, with whom she had three children. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen.
Beatrix's reign saw the country's Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba's secession and becoming its own constituent country within the kingdom in 1986. This was followed by the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, which created the new special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, and the two new constituent countries of Curaçao and Sint Maarten.
في 28 يناير 2013، أعلنت بياتريكس تنازلها عن العرش في 30 أبريل 2013، الموافق يوم الملكة[1] لإبنها ڤيلم-ألكسندر، أمير اورانج.
حياتها
Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard was born on 31 January 1938 at Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, Netherlands, as the first child of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.[2] Beatrix was baptised on 12 May 1938 in the Great Church in The Hague.[3] Her five godparents were King Leopold III of Belgium; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone; Beatrix's maternal great-great-aunt Elisabeth, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg; her paternal great-uncle Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg; and Countess Allene de Kotzebue.[4] Beatrix's middle names are the first names of her grandmothers, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Armgard, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld.
When Beatrix was one year old, in 1939, her younger sister Princess Irene was born.[2]
.jpg&filetimestamp=20251123144935&)
World War II broke out in the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 (Westfeldzug). On 13 May, the Dutch Royal Family evacuated to London, United Kingdom. One month later, Beatrix went to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and maternal grandmother Queen Wilhelmina remained in London.[2] The family lived at the Stornoway residence (now the residence of the Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Canada).[5] With bodyguards and ladies in waiting, the family summered at Bigwin Inn on Lake of Bays, Ontario, where four private stone cottages of the resort served as their retreat. While on Bigwin Island, the constitution of the Netherlands was stored in the safe of Bigwin Inn's rotunda building. Princess Juliana and her family were remembered for their "down to earth" friendliness, general gratefulness and great reverence for their homeland and people, to whom they paid homage by refraining from all luxuries offered to guests at the resort that was once billed as the largest and most luxurious summer resort in Canada. To provide them with a greater sense of security, culinary chefs and staff catered to personal orders at meal time. Upon their departure, the hotel musicians of the Bigwin Inn Orchestra assembled dockside; and at every public performance afterward through to the end of World War II, the Wilhelmus was played. In the years following the shuttering and neglect of the island resort, the "Juliana" cottages were well maintained and preserved in an informal tribute to Princess Juliana and her family. In appreciation for the protection of her and her daughters, Princess Juliana established the custom of delivery to the Canadian government every spring of tulips, which is the centrepiece of the Canadian Tulip Festival.
The second sister of Beatrix, Princess Margriet, was born in Ottawa in 1943.[2] During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attended nursery[6] and Rockcliffe Park Public School, a primary school where she was known as "Trixie Orange".[7][8]
On 5 May 1945, the German troops in the Netherlands surrendered. The family returned to the Netherlands on 2 August 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school De Werkplaats in Bilthoven run by pacifist social reformers Kees Boeke and Beatrice Boeke-Cadbury. Her third sister Princess Christina was born in 1947.[2] On 6 September 1948, her mother succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands. Since she had no brothers, Beatrix became the heiress presumptive to the Dutch throne at the age of ten.
التعليم
الحياة السياسية والزواج
|
| *جلالة الملكة
* عضو البيت الملكي الهولندي
|
العرش
محاولة اغتيال أحد أفراد العائلة الملكية
التنازل عن العرش
ثروتها الشخصية
في 2009، قدرت فوربس ثروتها بمبلغ 300 مليون دولار أمريكي.[9]
الانخراط في السياسة
In 1965, Beatrix became engaged to the German aristocrat Claus von Amsberg, a diplomat working for the German Foreign Office. There was a massive protest on their wedding day in Amsterdam on 10 March 1966. Prince Claus had served in the Hitler Youth and the Wehrmacht and therefore was easily associated with German Nazism. Protests included slogans like "Claus 'raus!" (Claus out!) and "Mijn fiets terug" ("Return my bicycle" – a reference to German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles during WWII). A group of Provos threw a smoke bomb at the Golden Coach, resulting in a street battle with the police.
As time went on, Prince Claus became one of the most popular members of the Dutch monarchy.[10]
On 25 November 1975, Beatrix and Prince Claus attended the independence ceremony of Suriname, held in the new nation's capital, Paramaribo, representing her mother the Queen.
As a monarch, Beatrix had weekly meetings with the prime minister. She signed all new Acts of Parliament and royal decrees, and until a constitutional change late in her reign, appointed the informateur, an official who is responsible for chairing coalition talks in the formation of new governments. At the state opening of parliament each September, she made a Speech from the Throne, in which the government announced its plans for the coming parliamentary year. As Queen, she was president of the Council of State. Her role was largely ceremonial and as a focus of national unity, she did not make legislative or executive decisions.
Beatrix is a member of the Bilderberg Group.[11]
التأثير الثقافي
ألقاب وتكريمات
- Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen (both in the Netherlands);
- Count of Buren, Culemborg and Leerdam (all in the Netherlands), Dietz, Katzenelnbogen and Spiegelberg (all three now in Germany), and Vianden (now in Luxembourg);
- Viscount of Antwerp (now in Belgium);
- Baron of Breda, Cranendonck, Lands of Cuijk, Eindhoven, City of Grave, IJsselstein and Liesveld (all in the Netherlands), Diest, Herstal and Warneton (all three now in Belgium), Beilstein (now in Germany), Arlay and Nozeroy (both now in France);
- Hereditary Lord and Seigneur of Ameland (in the Netherlands);
- Lord of Baarn, Borculo, Bredevoort, Geertruidenberg, Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, Klundert, Lichtenvoorde, 't Loo, Naaldwijk, Niervaart, Polanen, Steenbergen, Sint Maartensdijk, Soest, Ter Eem, Willemstad and Zevenbergen (all in the Netherlands), Bütgenbach, Sankt Vith and Turnhout (all three now in Belgium), Besançon and Montfort (now in France), and Daasburg (now in Germany)
الدروع
دروع بياتريكس من هولندا | ||
| ملاحظات | As the Monarch, Beatrix uses the Greater Coat of Arms of the Realm, (or "Grote Rijkswapen"). The components of the coats of arms were regulated by Queen Wilhelmina in a royal decree of 10 July 1907 and were affirmed by Queen Juliana in a royal decree of 23 April 1980. |  |
|---|---|---|
| الخوذة | Dutch royal crown | |
| شعار النبالة | ||
| الداعمون | Two lions rampant Or armed and langued Gules | |
| الشعار | JE MAINTIENDRAI Mediaeval French: I will maintain | |
| عناصر أخرى | ||
| الراية |  Upon her succession to the throne, Beatrix adopted the Royal Standard of the Netherlands, which is a square orange flag, divided in four quarters by a nassau-blue cross. All quarters show a white and blue bugle-horn, taken from the coat of arms of the Principality of Orange. In the centre of the flag is the (small) coat of arms of the Kingdom, which originates from the arms of the House of Nassau, surmounted by a royal crown and surrounded by the insignia of the Grand Cross of the Military William Order. | |
| الرمزية | The seven arrows stand for the Seven Provinces of the Union of Utrecht. | |
| النسخ السابقة | Prior to her accession to the throne, Beatrix as a princess bore the following arms: quarterly, 1 and 3, Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or (royal arms of the Netherlands, i.e. that of her mother, Queen Juliana), 2 and 4, Or, a horn azure, langued gules (arms of the former Principality of Orange), on an inescutcheon argent, a rose gules, seeded vert (arms of the House of Lippe-Biesterfeld, i.e. that of her late father, Prince Bernhard). | |
الأنجال
| الاسم | الميلاد | الزواج | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| التاريخ | الزوج | الأنجال | ||
| الأمير ڤيلم-ألسكندر | 27 أبريل 1967 | 2 فبراير 2002 | الأميرة ماكسيما زورگيتا كروتي | Princess Catharina-Amalia Princess Alexia Princess Ariane |
| الأمير فريزو | 25 سبتمبر 1968 | 24 أبريل 2004 | Mabel Wisse Smit | Countess Luana Countess Zaria |
| الأمير قنسطنطين | 11 أكتوبر 1969 | 19 مايو 2001 | Laurentien Brinkhorst | Countess Eloise Count Claus-Casimir Countess Leonore |
أسلافها
رؤساء الوزراء في عهدها
| التنظيم السياسي | رئيس الوزراء | من | إلى |
|---|---|---|---|
| أروبا | Henny Eman | 1986 | 1989[13] |
| Nelson O. Oduber | 1989 | 1994 | |
| Henny Eman | 1994 | 2001 | |
| Nelson O. Oduber | 2001 | 2009 | |
| Mike Eman | 2009 | الآن | |
| هولندا | Dries van Agt | 1977 | 1982 |
| Ruud Lubbers | 1982 | 1994 | |
| Wim Kok | 1994 | 2002 | |
| Jan Peter Balkenende | 2002 | 2010 | |
| Mark Rutte | 2010 | present | |
| جزر الأنتيل الهولندية | Dominico Martina | 1979 | 1984 |
| Maria Liberia Peters | 1984 | 1986 | |
| Dominico Martina | 1986 | 1988 | |
| Maria Liberia Peters | 1988 | 1993 | |
| Susanne Camelia-Römer | 1993 | ||
| Alejandro Felippe Paula | |||
| Miguel Arcangel Pourier | 1994 | 1998 | |
| Susanne Camelia-Römer | 1998 | 1999 | |
| Miguel Arcangel Pourier | 1999 | 2002 | |
| Etienne Ys | 2002 | 2003 | |
| Ben Komproe | 2003 | ||
| Mirna Louisa-Godett | 2003 | 2004 | |
| Etienne Ys | 2004 | 2006 | |
| Emily de Jongh-Elhage | 2006 | 2010 | |
| Curaçao | Gerrit Schotte | 2010 | present |
| Sint Maarten | Sarah Wescot-Williams | 2010 | الآن |
المصادر
- ^ "Speech by H.M. the Queen". Het Koninklijk Huis [The Royal House]. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج Youth Archived 5 مايو 2009 at the Wayback Machine. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.
- ^ (in هولندية) Geschiedenis Archived 4 أكتوبر 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Grote Kerk Den Haag. Retrieved on 15 May 2012.
- ^ De vijf peetouders van prinses Beatrix. The Memory of the Netherlands. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.
- ^ "CBC News". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
- ^ Education Archived 5 مايو 2009 at the Wayback Machine. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved on 11 July 2008.
- ^ Davison, Janet. "Abdicating Dutch queen was a wartime Ottawa schoolgirl". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ "National Capital Commission". Canadascapital.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
- ^ "In Pictures: The World's Richest Royals". Forbes.com. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ^ "De huwelijksjaren van Beatrix en Claus". NOS.nl (in الهولندية). 2010-02-09. Retrieved 2025-09-21.
- ^ "Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles". PR Newswire. 13 June 1997. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011.
- ^ "Dutch Royal House - Coat of Arms and standard". Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-29.
- ^ Aruba received status aparte in 1986.
وصلات خارجية
بياتريكس من هولندا فرع أصغر من House of Lippe وُلِد: 31 يناير 1938
| ||
| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه جوليانا |
ملكة هولندا 1980–2013 |
الحالي |
| Lines of succession | ||
| سبقه Huberta Deuse |
Line of succession to the British throne | تبعه Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands |
| مملكة هولندا (1806–1810) | | |
|---|---|---|
| المملكة الهولندية1 (1815–الآن) | ||
1. انظر أيضاً مملكة هولندا المتحدة (1815–1839). | ||
|
.jpg&filetimestamp=20251123144935){kind=link}
| | |
- CS1 errors: markup
- Articles with هولندية-language sources (nl)
- CS1 الهولندية-language sources (nl)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Missing redirects
- مواليد 1938
- ناجون من محاولات اغتيال
- Charlemagne Prize recipients
- ملوك هولندا
- Protestant Church Christians from the Netherlands
- Heirs presumptive to the Dutch throne
- House of Orange-Nassau
- خريجو جامعة لايدن
- ملكات حاكمات
- Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)
- Monarchs who abdicated
- Princesses of Orange-Nassau
- Queens regnant of the Netherlands
- Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania
- 20th-century Dutch monarchs
- 21st-century Dutch monarchs
- Recipients of the Order of Al-Said