ڤلسنگن

Coordinates: 51°27′N 3°34′E / 51.450°N 3.567°E / 51.450; 3.567
(تم التحويل من Vlissingen)
ڤلسنگن
Vlissingen
فلشينگ
بلدية
عكس عقارب الساعة من أعلى اليسار: ناطحة سحاب كوستلاين، ميناء، متحف، برج سكني وشارع عريض وشاطئ.
عكس عقارب الساعة من أعلى اليسار: ناطحة سحاب كوستلاين، ميناء، متحف، برج سكني وشارع عريض وشاطئ.
علم ڤلسنگن
Flag
درع ڤلسنگن
Coat of arms
موقع فلسنگن على خريطة بلدية زيلاند.
موقع فلسنگن في زيلاند.
الإحداثيات: 51°27′N 3°34′E / 51.450°N 3.567°E / 51.450; 3.567
البلدهولندا
المقاطعةزيلاند
الأحياء
الحكومة
[1]
 • الكيانمجلس البلدية
 • العمدةLetty Demmers-van der Geest (66)
المساحة
[2]
 • الإجمالي344٫83 كم² (133٫14 ميل²)
 • البر34٫18 كم² (13٫20 ميل²)
 • الماء310٫65 كم² (119٫94 ميل²)
المنسوب
[3]
1 m (3 ft)
التعداد
 (أغسطس 2017)[4]
 • الإجمالي44٬566
 • الكثافة1٬304/km2 (3٬380/sq mi)
صفة المواطنVlissinger
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (ت.و.أ.)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (ت.و.أ.ص.)
الرمز البريدي
4380–4389
رمز المنطقة0118
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.vlissingen.nl

ڤلسنگن ( Vlissingen ؛ النطق الهولندي: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)]  ( استمع)؛ بالزيلاندية: Vlissienge؛ الاسم التاريخي إنگليزية: فلشينگ)، هي بلدية ومدينة في جنوب غرب هولندا على جزيرة ڤالخرن السابقة. بموقعها الاستراتيجي بين نهر سخيلده وبحر الشمال، امتلكت فلسنگن ميناءً هاماً لقرون. كانت قد مُنحت حقوق المدينة عام 1315. في القرن السابع عشر كانت فلسنگن الميناء الرئيسي لسفن شركة الهند الشرقية الهولندية. واشتهرت أيضاً لكونها مسقط رأس الأدميرال ميخيل دى رويتر.

تشتهر فلسنگن بصفة رئيسية بعارضات نهر سخلده حيث تم بناء معظم سفن البحرية الملكية الهولندية.

الجغرافيا

تتألف بلدية فلسنگن من الأماكن التالية:

التاريخ

Vlissingen during the Spanish occupation depicted on the Kaart van het Brugse Vrije by Pieter Pourbus, 1571
فلسنگن من البحر، 1662.
الوصول إلى فلسنگن، فردريك الخامس، ناخب پالاتين، رسم هندريك كورنليز فروم، زيت على كنڤاه.
The bringing in of the French warship Le Bourbon, captured at Vigo Bay, to the roadstead of Vlissingen, 1702.

The fishermen's hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the Schelde around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into the third-most important port of the Netherlands. The Counts of Holland, Flanders, and Zeeland had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the herring fishery, commerce, privateering and the slave trade.

The first reliable records of Old Vlissengen date from a charter of 1247, when the town already had a church and an infirmary; another in 1264 mentions a steenhuus or castle, the foundations of which were uncovered during the construction of a new town hall in 1965. In 1294, the town was purchased by Floris V, Count of Holland, who recognised the strategic and economic potential of its location and began its development. The port facilities were further extended in the mid-15th century, financed by a local monopoly in the herring trade. In the mid-16th century, the town fell into poverty due to the Eighty Years' War, the Dutch revolt against Spanish occupation, and particularly owing to the punitive taxes imposed by the Duke of Alba. In April 1572, the townspeople staged a successful uprising, expelling the Flemish garrison, firing at ships bringing reinforcements and hanging a Spanish nobleman in front of the town hall.[5] Under the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585, English garrisons were stationed here and at Brill to keep these ports out of Spanish hands. The towns were sold back to the Dutch in 1616.[6]

During the heyday of the Dutch Golden Age, ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the Dutch colonial empire and contributed to the world power of the المقاطعات السبع.

The history of Vlissingen was also marked by invasion, oppression and bombardments. Because of its strategic position at the mouth of the Schelde, the most important passageway to Antwerp, it has attracted the interest, at one time or another, of the British, the French, the Germans and the Spanish. Floods have also been a constant threat. Vlissingen declined during the 18th century. The Napoleonic Wars were particularly disastrous. After 1870, the economy revived after the construction of new docks and the Walcheren canal, the arrival of the railway and the establishment of the shipyard called De Schelde. The Second World War interrupted this growth. The city was heavily damaged by shelling and inundation but was captured and liberated by British Commandos of 4th Special Service Brigade on 3 November 1944.

The city was rebuilt after the war. In the 1960s, the seaport and industrial area of Vlissingen-Oost developed and flourished. Now this area is the economic driving force behind central Zeeland, generating many thousands of jobs. Nowadays approx. 50,000 ships annually from all corners of the world pass through the Schelde.[7]

شارع على البحر في فلسنگن عند مطلع القرن 21.

الاسم

أصل الاسم

The derivation of the name Vlissingen is unclear, though most scholars relate the name to the word fles ("bottle") in one way or another.

According to one story,[ممن؟] when Saint Willibrord landed in Vlissingen with a bottle in the 7th century, he shared its contents with the beggars he found there while trying to convert them. A miracle occurred, typical of hagiography, when the contents of the bottle did not diminish. When the bishop realised the beggars did not want to listen to his words, he gave them his bottle. After that, he supposedly called the city Flessinghe.

Another sourceقالب:Who? states that the name had its origins in an old ferry-service house, on which a bottle was attached by way of a sign. The monk Jacob van Dreischor, who visited the city in 967, then apparently called the ferry-house het veer aan de Flesse ("the ferry at the Bottle"). Because many cities in the region later received the appendix -inge, the name, according to this etymology, evolved to Vles-inge.

According to another source,قالب:Who? the name was derived from the Danish word Vles, which means "tides".

The eastern cape of Novaya Zemlya, Cape Flissingsky was named after the city in 1596 by Willem Barentsz.

الاسم الإنجليزي التاريخي "Flushing"

Vlissingen was historically called "Flushing" in English. In the 17th century, Vlissingen was important enough for English speakers that it had acquired an anglicised name. For example, Samuel Pepys referred to the town as "Flushing" in his diaries. In 1673, Sir William Temple referred to Vlissingen as "Flushing" once and "Flussingue" twice in his book about the Netherlands.[8] Some English writers in the Netherlands also used the Dutch name.

The American settlement of Flushing, originally a Dutch colonial village founded in 1645 and now part of Queens, New York City, was first called Vlissingen after the town in the Netherlands. The English settlers who also came to live in the village[9] shortened the name to "Vlissing" by 1657 and then began to call it by its English name "Flushing". The Anglicisation of "Vlissingen" into "Flushing" did not occur after the conquest of New Netherland, but in England well before then. This village was the site of the Flushing Remonstrance.

The village of Flushing in Cornwall was also named after Vlissingen. Originally named Nankersey, the village was given its name by Dutch engineers from Vlissingen in the Netherlands who built the three main quays in the village. Michigan and Ohio in the US have villages called Flushing as well.

معالم سياحية

  • The Marketbuilding at Beursplein (Marketsquare)
    The Marketbuilding at Beursplein (Marketsquare)
  • Part of the shoppingstreet Walstraat in 2010
    Part of the shoppingstreet Walstraat in 2010
  • Statue Michiel de Ruyter
    Statue Michiel de Ruyter
  • Windmill: de Oranjemolen
    Windmill: de Oranjemolen
  • View to a port and a street (de Nieuwendijk)
    View to a port and a street (de Nieuwendijk)

الطبوغرافيا

خريطة طبوغرافية لمدينة فلسنگن، سبتمبر 2014.


المناخ

بيانات المناخ لـ فلسنگن
الشهر ينا فب مار أبر ماي يون يول أغس سبت أكت نوف ديس السنة
القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) 14.2
(57.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.7
(69.3) 		29.9
(85.8) 		34.9
(94.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		35.5
(95.9) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.2
(91.8) 		25.0
(77.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		14.8
(58.6) 		35.5
(95.9)
متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) 6.0
(42.8) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.5
(54.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.5
(70.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		18.6
(65.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		13.5
(56.3)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 4.0
(39.2) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		9.2
(48.6) 		12.9
(55.2) 		15.6
(60.1) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.2
(64.8) 		15.8
(60.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		8.1
(46.6) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.8
(51.4)
متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) 2.1
(35.8) 		2.0
(35.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.6
(54.7) 		15.0
(59.0) 		15.3
(59.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		6.1
(43.0) 		3.0
(37.4) 		8.3
(46.9)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) −15.3
(4.5) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		0.8
(33.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.3
(46.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−13.5
(7.7) 		−18.9
(−2.0)
متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) 58.5
(2.30) 		48.0
(1.89) 		51.1
(2.01) 		38.7
(1.52) 		52.6
(2.07) 		63.2
(2.49) 		64.1
(2.52) 		74.9
(2.95) 		69.4
(2.73) 		76.1
(3.00) 		77.1
(3.04) 		69.0
(2.72) 		742.8
(29.24)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 مم) 12 9 11 9 10 10 9 10 11 12 13 13 128
متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) 87 85 83 78 78 78 78 78 80 83 87 88 82
Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس 67.8 89.2 134.2 187.2 218.3 215.5 223.2 207.4 152.9 116.5 68.7 52.1 1٬733٫1
Source 1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[10]
Source 2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes)[11]

مشاهير فلسنگن

Petrus Cunaeus, ca.1630

الفنون

العلوم

Martin Kalbfleisch, 1893

الأميرالات

Michiel de Ruyter, 1667

Other maritime travellers

Nicholas van Horn, printed 1888
Els Vader, 1980

الرياضة

النقل

St. Jacobskerk

في الثقافة العامة

  • Vlissingen is the setting for part of Arthur Ransome's children's adventure novel We Didn't Mean to Go to Sea.
  • Vlissingen is also the setting for most of the film The Fourth Man.
  • Vlissingen is also the hometown of Mynheer Claessens and his daughter Johanna, the heroine of Rafael Sabatini's 1929 novel "The Romantic Prince". The Hero, Count Anthony and Master Danvelt, having landed by ferry from Breskens, enter the massive fortifications by the Scheldt Gate and ride the short distance to the Claessen's handsome house by the Groote.[16]
  • The Forgotten Battle, a Netflix movie.

المصادر

  1. ^ "Burgemeester Letty Demmers-van der Geest" [Mayor Letty Demmers-van der Geest] (in الهولندية). Gemeente Vlissingen. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  2. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Postcodetool for 4382MA". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 22 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ Peters, C. H. J. "FLUSHING THROUGHOUT THE AGES: Short History" (PDF). www.vlissingen.nl. De Gemeente Vlissingen. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  6. ^ Garrett Mattingly (1959), The Armada, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Ch. V, "Plans of Operations", p. 44.
  7. ^ www.zeegat.nl/
  8. ^ Sir William Temple, Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, ed. Sir George Clark (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1672), pp. 40, 48 & 116
  9. ^ Russell Shorto, The Island at the Centre of the World (Black Swan, 2004) pp. 338-9
  10. ^ "Klimaattabel Vlissingen, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "Klimaattabel Vlissingen, langjarige extremen, tijdvak 1971–2000" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ "Bekker, Elizabeth" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. III (9th ed.). 1878. p. 511.
  13. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 30 July 2019
  14. ^  "[[s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1891. 
  15. ^  "[[s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1891. 
  16. ^ p49 of the House of Stratus edition, ch4. The Romantic Prince, Rafael Sabatini, 2001

وصلات خارجية

معرفة المصادر بها نص من the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica مقالة Flushing (Holland).
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=ڤلسنگن&oldid=4237920"