197
| القرون: | قرن 1st · قرن 2nd · قرن 3rd |
| العقود: | ع160 ع170 ع180 ع190 ع200 ع210 ع220 |
| السنوات: | 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 1 – القرن 2 – القرن 3 |
| عقود: | عقد 160 عقد 170 عقد 180 – عقد 190 – عقد 200 عقد 210 عقد 220 |
| سنين: | 194 195 196 – 197 – 198 199 200 |
| 197 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 197 CXCVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 950 |
| التقويم الأرمني | N/A |
| التقويم الآشوري | 4947 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1647 – −1646 |
| التقويم البنغالي | −396 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1147 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 741 |
| التقويم البورمي | −441 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 5705–5706 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙子年 (النار الفأر) 2893 أو 2833 — إلى — 丁丑年 (النار الثور) 2894 أو 2834 |
| التقويم القبطي | −87 – −86 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1363 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 189–190 |
| التقويم العبري | 3957–3958 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 253–254 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 119–120 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3298–3299 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10197 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −803 – −802 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 425 ق.ر. – 424 ق.ر. |
| التقويم الهجري | 438 ق.هـ. – 437 ق.هـ. |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 197 CXCVII |
| التقويم الكوري | 2530 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1715 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1715年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 740 |
Year 197 (CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية الرومانية
- February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town.
- Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius.
- Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark on an artificial canal between the Tigris and Euphrates.
- Legio I, II, and III Parthica are levied by Septimius Severus for his Parthian campaign.
- The Roman army marches east to repel a Parthian invasion of Mesopotamia; they loot the royal palace at Ctesiphon and capture an enormous number of its inhabitants as slaves.
- Septimius Severus reconstitutes the Province of Mesopotamia under an equestrian governor commanding two legions.
- Septimius Severus, who had spared the Senate at the beginning of his reign, now excludes it from controlling the Roman Empire by declaring a military dictatorship.
الصين
- Battle of Wancheng: Zhang Xiu launches a surprise attack at Cao Cao.
- Yuan Shu declares himself emperor of the short-lived Zhong dynasty.
- After the warlord Cao Cao invites the emperor to his headquarters in Xuchang, he marches against the former rulers Guo Si and Li Jue in the former capital Chang'an , acting on a fabricated decree from the emperor . He manages to defeat them, albeit with heavy losses.
- General Zhang Xiu , serving the warlord Liu Biao , surrendered his troops and his fortress of Wancheng (present-day Nanyang , Henan ) to the approaching Cao Cao. Due to personal differences, Zhang Xiu soon attacked his new lord in Wancheng, but Liu escaped through the sacrifice of his bodyguard Dian Wei , his son Cao Ang , and his nephew Cao Anmin . Zhang Xiu then ruled Wancheng as an independent warlord and held out against Cao Cao for three years. Xu Chu became the new leader of Cao Cao's bodyguard .
- The invasion of warlord Sun Ce into the still largely unexplored south of the empire enters its final phase: the conquest of Jiangdong (present-day Zhejiang Province ). The governor there, Liu Yong, sends the distinguished general Taishi Ci against him, but Taishi Ci is defeated by Sun Ce and joins him at Sun Quan's invitation.
- While fleeing Sun Ce, the warlord Liu Yao quarrels with his general Ze Rong . He drives Ze Rong out of the city of Yuzhang at great cost, and during the retreat, Ze Rong is killed by bandits in the mountains. Liu Yao's position in Yuzhang is precarious, and Sun Ce's invasion is unstoppable. The warlord Liu Bei , with the help of the officer Chen Deng , attempts to stand against him, but is powerless to stop him.
كوريا
حسب الموضوع
الفنون والعلوم
- Galen's major work on medicines, Pharmacologia, is published.
الدين
مواليد
- Cao, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. 260)
- Deng Ai, Chinese general of the Cao Wei state (d. 264)
وفيات
- February 19 – Clodius Albinus, Roman general and usurper
- Cao Ang (or Zixiu), eldest son of Cao Cao (b. 177)
- Dian Wei, Chinese general serving under Cao Cao
- Gaius Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus, Roman politician
- Gogukcheon of Goguryeo, Korean ruler of Goguryeo
- Guo Si (or Guo Duo), Chinese general and regent
- Li Jue, Chinese general serving under Dong Zhuo
- Liu Chong, Chinese nobleman and Prince of Chen
- Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus, Roman statesman
- Yang Feng, Chinese general serving under Li Jue
المراجع
- ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.