1262
| القرون: | قرن 12 · قرن 13 · قرن 14 |
| العقود: | ع1230 ع1240 ع1250 ع1260 ع1270 ع1280 ع1290 |
| السنوات: | 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 12 – القرن 13 – القرن 14 |
| عقود: | عقد 1230 عقد 1240 عقد 1250 – عقد 1260 – عقد 1270 عقد 1280 عقد 1290 |
| سنين: | 1259 1260 1261 – 1262 – 1263 1264 1265 |
| 1262 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1262 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1262 MCCLXII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2015 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 711 ԹՎ ՉԺԱ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6012 |
| التقويم البهائي | −582 – −581 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 669 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2212 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 46 Hen. 3 – 47 Hen. 3 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1806 |
| التقويم البورمي | 624 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6770–6771 |
| التقويم الصيني | 辛酉年 (المعدن الديك) 3958 أو 3898 — إلى — 壬戌年 (الماء الكلب) 3959 أو 3899 |
| التقويم القبطي | 978–979 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2428 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1254–1255 |
| التقويم العبري | 5022–5023 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1318–1319 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1184–1185 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4363–4364 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11262 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 262–263 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 640–641 |
| التقويم الهجري | 660–661 |
| التقويم الياباني | Kōchō 2 (弘長２年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1262 MCCLXII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3595 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 650 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前650年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1805 |
Year 1262 (MCCLXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية المنغولية
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- يوليو-أغسطس - إمارة الموصل يجتاحها المنغول. ومصرع آخر حكامها من الأسرة الزنگية، بدر الدين قلي.
- نوفمبر-ديسمبر - Berke–Hulagu War: Mongol forces under Berke Khan, ruler of the Golden Horde, raid territory in the Caucasus belonging to his cousin Hulagu Khan, ruler of the Ilkhanate. Berke supports the Georgian rebels and allies with the Mamluks. He defeats the Ilkhanate forces on the Terek River, together with the Mamluk army led by Baibars (or أبو الفتوح), saving Palestine and Arabia from Ilkhanate occupation.
- Houlagou launches an offensive against Berké 3 . He crossed the passage of Derbent which he took on December 8.
- 15 ديسمبر - Houlagou is victorious at Nogaï but is beaten in turn on the banks of the Terek in January 1263.
- At the end of the year, the khan of Djaghataï Alghu broke the alliance with Ariq-bögè who was forced to wage war on two fronts in his fight against his brother Kublai Khan . Alghu won a few victories against his former ally, but was later forced to give ground and retreat to Samarkand (1262-1263 ) . Ariq-bögè, carried away by anger, begins to massacre the population, so that his troops rally to Alghu, and he is forced to ask him for peace 3 .
- The khan of the Golden Horde , Berké , who sided with Ariq-bögè against Kublai, goes to war with the djagataïde Alghu (1262-1265 ) . After its failure, it loses Khârezm , Otrar and the territories شرق بحر آرال.
أوروپا
- March 8 – Battle of Hausbergen: The bourgeois of Strasbourg defeat a German army of knights (some 5,000 men) under Bishop Walter of Geroldseck. Strasbourg becomes an imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.
- May – King Alfonso X (the Wise) of Castile and León, at a meeting in Jaén, demands military support from Muhammad I, ruler of Granada, and relenquishes the ports of Tarifa and Algeciras to prepare an invasion of North Africa.
- 14 سبتمبر - Castilian-Leonese forces led by Alfonso X (the Wise) conquer Cádiz, the city has been under Moorish rule since 711. The Muslims are ousted, and Alfonso repopulates the region (also called the Repoblación).[1]
- With Moroccan help from the Merinids , a Moorish rebellion begins against the Christian reconquistadores in Al-Andalus .
- The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into the Old Covenant (also called Gissurarsáttmáli), establishing a union with Norway, and acknowledges King Haakon Iv (the Old) as its ruler.
- King Mindaugas renounces Christianity, returning to his pagan roots, and reverting to Grand Duke of Lithuania.
المشرق العربي
- Al-Hakim I, a member of the Abbasid Dynasty, travels to Egypt and is proclaimed as caliph of Cairo in succession to his former rival Al-Mustansir II. After his arrival, he is imprisoned at the Citadel of Cairo by orders of Sultan Baibars and released in 1296 by Sultan Lajin.
آسيا
- The Malay King Candrabhanu of Tambralinga attacked for the second time (the first was in 1247 ) the island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka ), this time with the help of Tamil and Sinhalese forces . He is defeated again and dies in battle.
- King Mangrai of the Lan Na Kingdom (modern Northern Thailand) founds the city of Chiang Rai, as the kingdom's capital.
حسب الموضوع
الفنون والثقافة
- Adam de la Halle, French trouvère and musician, writes the first operetta, "Le Jeu de la Feuillee".
الأسواق
- The Venetian Senate starts consolidating all of the city's outstanding debt into a single fund, later known as the Monte Vecchio. The holders of the newly created prestiti are promised a 5% annual coupon. These claims can be sold, and quickly (before 1320) give rise to the first recorded secondary market for financial assets, in Medieval Europe.[2]
Religion
- Richard of Chichester is canonized as a saint; he is best known for authoring the prayer later adapted into the song Day by Day, in the musical Godspell.
العلوم والتكنولوجيا
- Alfonso X (the Wise) commissions Yehuda ben Moshe and Isaac ibn Sid to compile the Alfonsine Tables, describing the movement of the planets.[3]
مواليد
- May 6 – John Hastings, English nobleman and knight (d. 1313)
- August 5 – Ladisslaus IV (the Cuman), king of Hungary (d. 1290)
- October 18 – Ranulph Neville (or Ralph), English nobleman (d. 1331)
- Bérenger de Landore, French preacher and archbishop (d. 1330)
- Elisabeth of Carinthia (or Tyrol), queen of Germany (d. 1312)
- Guan Daogao, Chinese calligrapher, poet and painter (d. 1319)
- Guan Daosheng, Chinese painter, poet and writer (d. 1319)
- John II (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1297)
- John of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) and regent (d. 1319)
- Takatsukasa Kanetada, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) ((d. 1301)
- U Tak (or Woo Tak), Korean scholar and philosopher (d. 1342)
- William de Cantilupe, Norman nobleman and knight (d. 1308)
وفيات
- April 23 – Giles of Assisi, companion of Francis of Assisi (b. 1190)
- May 18 – John Climping, English cleric, chancellor and bishop
- June 23 – Siemowit I, Polish nobleman and knight (House of Piast)
- July 13 – Henry Wingham, English Lord Chancellor and bishop
- July 14 – Richard de Clare, English nobleman and knight (b. 1222)
- August 24 – Robert de Mariscis, English priest and archdeacon
- September 1 – Giuliana of Collalto, Italian Benedictine abbess
- September 12 – Baldwin de Redvers, English nobleman (b. 1236)
- October 5 – Teruko, Japanese princess and empress (b. 1224)
- December 13 – Giles of Bridport, English archdeacon and bishop
- December 21 – Bahauddin Zakariya, Ghurid scholar and poet
- Ibn al-Adim, Syrian diplomat, biographer and historian (b. 1192)
- عز الدين بن عبد السلام، Syrian jurist and theologian (b. 1181)
- Matilda II (or Maud), French noblewoman and regent (b. 1235)
- Mem Soares de Melo, Portuguese nobleman and knight (b. 1200)
- Peter de Rivaux, English High Sheriff and Lord High Treasurer
- أبو علي الحسن المراكشي، الفلكي العربي.
المراجع
- ^ O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 32. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4302-4.
- ^ Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 145. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.