ميرخواند

مير خواند
مخطوطة ميرخواند، روضة الصفا. نسخة مكتوبة في إيران الصفوية، بتاريخ 1635
وُلِد	1433/34 بخارى، الإمبراطورية التيمورية
توفي	22 يونيو 1498 (عن عمر 64–65) هرات، الدولة التيمورية
الوظيفة	مؤرخ
الأقارب	خواند مير (حفيد)

مير خواند (837 - 903 هـ أي 1433-1498م) هو مؤرّخ ، أديب ، شاعر ، مؤلف فارسي.

هو السيد برهان الدين محمد بن خاوند شاه بن محمد ، وقيل محمود بن برهان الدين، وقيل كمال الدين محمود العلوي ، الحسيني، البلخي، الخوارزمي، الملقب بمير خواند وأمير خواند، والموصوف بخاوند شاهي.

ولد في بخارى (في أوزبكستان الحالية) وانتقل إلى بلخ لطلب العلم، ثم انتقل إلى هراة ومنها إلى السند ، وبها وفاته في الثاني من ذي القعدة سنة 903 هـ ، وقيل سنة 904 هـ.

صحب الوزير علي شير النوائي وزير السلطان حسين باي‌قرة، وعاصر الشاعر عبد الرحمن الجامي وغيره. من آثاره كتاب «روضة الصفا في سيرة الأنبياء والملوك والخلفاء».

 روضة الصفا

المقالة الرئيسية: روضة الصفا

الملك الساساني يزدگرد الثالث (ح. 632–651) هرب إلى مطحنة في مرو. من مخطوطة "روضة الصفا"، بتاريخ 1595

Mirkhvand's only known work is the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ, a history of the world since creation from a Muslim point of view, divided into a preface, seven volumes, and an epilogue. The final volume and the epilogue were incomplete at the time of Mirkhvand's death, and were later completed by Khvandamir. A discussion on the advantages of studying history is included in the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ, a tradition that goes back to at least the 12th century, when Ibn Funduq (died 1169) did the same in his Tarikh-i Bayhaq (1168). Mirkhvand's discussion on the advantages of studying history was copied and modified by three other distinguished historians; Qasim Beg Hayati Tabrizi's Tarikh (1554); Hossein Nishapuri Vuqu'i's Majma al-akhbar (1591/2); and Sharaf Khan Bidlisi's Sharafnama (1596). Mirkhvand's work attracted much attention, as demonstrated by its numerous translations, such as the Ottoman Ḥadīqat al-ʿulyā dedicated by Mustafa ibn Hasanshah to the Ottoman grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (d. 1561) in 1550 and Tercümān-i düstūr fī ḥavādisel-zamān wa-l-dühūr written by Mehmed Kemal Balatzade in 1555. The Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ was one of the three works generally read by history students in Mughal India.

There exist hundreds of copies of Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ, making it one of the most copied Persian history books. However, neither the current editions by Parviz (1959/60) and Kiyanfar (2001) nor the 19th-century lithographs are based on the oldest version of the books. For example, Kiyanfar's edition is based on the Rawżat al-ṣafā-yi Nasir (written in 1854–6) of the 19th-century Iranian writer Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat (died 1871), a continuation of the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ and based on a lithograph printed in Bombay in 1849/50. The Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ was frequently used by western orientalists from the 17th to the 19th-century to understand the history of Iran. As a result, there are numerous incomplete translations of it in European languages.

According to the German orientalist Bertold Spuler, the Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ is the greatest universal history in Persian regarding the Islamic world.