سگد

(تم التحويل من سگدين)
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Seget.
Szeged
City
Szeged, Tisza river bank, with Mora Museum, and the Theatre building.jpg
Klauzál Square 8 - Szeged.jpgWater tower Old Lady.JPGSzeged016.jpg
Szeged Town Hall in winter 2009 (1).JPGSzeged002.jpg
درع Szeged
Coat of arms
الكنية: 
Sun City
Szeged is located in المجر
Szeged
Szeged
Location of Szeged
الإحداثيات: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°E / 46.255; 20.145
البلدFlag of Hungary.svg المجر
المقاطعةتشون‌گراد
Districtسگد
الحكومة
 • العمدةLászló Botka (MSZP)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي280٫84 كم² (108٫43 ميل²)
المنسوب
75 m (246 ft)
التعداد
 (2014)
 • الإجمالي161٬921▲
 • الترتيب3rd
 • الكثافة605٫51/km2 (1٬568٫3/sq mi)
صفة المواطنszegedi
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
مفتاح الهاتف62
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.szegedvaros.hu/

سگد (Szeged؛ النطق في المجرية: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ( استمع)؛ ألمانية: Szegedin؛ رومانية: Seghedin؛ كرواتية: Segedin؛ بالصربية: Segedin, Сегедин؛ انظر أيضاً أسماء بديلة) هي ثالث أكبر مدينة في المجر، وأكبر مدينة والمركز الإقليمي في السهل الأعظم الجنوبي وعاصمة مقاطعة تشون‌گراد. جامعة سگد هي واحدة من أرقى الجامعات المرموقة في المجر.

The famous Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions; which are held every summer celebrated as the Day of the city on May 21.

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أصل الاسم

The name Szeged might come from an old Hungarian word for corner (szeg), pointing to the turn of the river Tisza that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word sziget which means 'island'. Others still contend that szeg means 'dark blond' (sötétszőkés) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers Tisza and Maros merge.[1]

The city has its own name in a number of foreign languages, usually by adding a suffix -in to the Hungarian name: الكرواتية، Segedin; Romanian, Seghedin; Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian, Сегед (Seged); German, Szegedin / Segedin; الإيطالية، Seghedino; Latin, [Partiscum] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: latin (help); Latvian, Segeda; اللتوانية، Segedas; Polish, Segedyn; Serbian, Segedin, Сегедин; السلوڤاكية and Czech Segedín; التركية, Segedin.


التاريخ

"Happy Guietude Times"

Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. Ptolemy mentions the oldest known name of the city: Partiscum. It is possible that Attila, king of the Huns had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King Béla III.

In the second century AD there was a Roman trading post established on an island in the Tisza, and the foundations of the Szeged castle suggest that the structure may have been built over an even earlier fort. Today only one corner of the castle still remains standing.[2]

During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of Louis the Great, Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King Sigismund of Luxembourg had a wall built around the town. Szeged was raised to free royal town status in 1498.

Szeged was first pillaged by the Turkish army on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see Ottoman Hungary). The town was a sanjak centre first in Budin Eyaleti (1543–1596), after in Eğri Eyaleti. The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained the free royal town status in 1715. In 1719,Szeged received its coat of arms (still used today) from Charles III. During the next several years, Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. Szeged also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. These years brought not only prosperity but also enlightenment. Between 1728 and 1744 witch trials were frequent in the town, with the Szeged witch trials of 1728-29 perhaps being the largest. The witch trials were instigated by the authorities, who decided on this measure to remove the problem of the public complaints about the drought and its consequences of famine and epidemics by laying the responsibility on people among them, which had fraternized with the Devil. In 1720, the population of the city totalled 193 households, of which 99 were Serbian.

Szeged is known as the home of paprika, a spice made from dried, powdered capsicum fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as a herb, and paprika as we know it.[3] Szeged is also famous for their Szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream.[4] And also famous for their Halászlé, fish soup made of carp and catfish.

The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The Habsburg rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again, the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's world famous Pick Salami Factory – was opened in 1869.

Today the inner city of Szeged has beautiful buildings and wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great flood of 1879, which literally wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor Franz Joseph visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise. During the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets.

أثناء القرن العشرين

قصر ريوك

After the First World War Hungary lost its southern territories to Romania and Serbia, as a result Szeged became a city close to the border, and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. The University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) moved to Szeged in 1921 (see University of Szeged). In 1923 Szeged took over the role of episcopal seat from Temesvár (now Timişoara, Romania). It was briefly occupied by Romanian army during Hungarian-Romanian War in 1919. During the 1920s the Jewish population of Szeged grew and reached its zenith.

Szeged suffered heavily during the World War II. 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, the Jewish citizens were confined to ghettos, then taken to death camps, and the Soviet Army occupied the city in late-1944. During the Communist-era, Szeged became a centre of light industry and food industry. In 1965 oil was found near the city; the area now satisfies 67% of the country's oil demand.

In 1962, Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and lots of nearby villages (e.g. Tápé, Szőreg, Kiskundorozsma, Szentmihálytelek, Gyálarét) were annexed to the city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the Communist era).

Today's Szeged is an important university town and a popular tourist attraction.

The Szeged Symphony Orchestra (Szegedi Szimfonikus Zenekar) gives regular concerts at the Szegedi Nemzeti Színház.[5]

الجغرافيا

Szeged is situated near the southern border of Hungary, just to the south of the mouth of the Maros River, on both banks of the Tisza River, nearly in the centre of the Carpathian Basin. Due to the high hours of sunlight reported annually, Szeged is often called 'the city of sunshine'.

المناخ

Szeged's climate is transitional between oceanic Köppen "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate) and continental (Köppen Dfb), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation.

بيانات مناخ Szeged
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 1.7
(35.1) 		5.1
(41.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16.1
(61) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		21.4
(70.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		15٫2
(59٫36)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) -1.8
(28.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.6
(42.1) 		11.1
(52) 		16.2
(61.2) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		0.6
(33.1) 		10٫45
(50٫81)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -4.8
(23.4) 		-2.5
(27.5) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.5
(41.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		13.4
(56.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		13.9
(57) 		10.4
(50.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		-2.1
(28.2) 		5٫56
(42٫01)
هطول mm (inches) 29
(1.14) 		25
(0.98) 		29
(1.14) 		41
(1.61) 		51
(2.01) 		72
(2.83) 		50
(1.97) 		57
(2.24) 		34
(1.34) 		26
(1.02) 		41
(1.61) 		40
(1.57) 		495
(19٫49)
Sunshine hours 62.0 87.6 142.6 180.0 235.6 255.0 288.3 266.6 210.0 170.5 81.0 49.6 2٬028٫8
Source: Hong Kong Observatory [6]

Due to the high number of sunshine hours annually, Szeged is often called City of Sunshine.


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التعليم

The University of Szeged

The city of Szeged has 62 kindergartens, 32 elementary schools, 18 high schools and a university, which were established by the unification of the past existing higher education centres. The two most prominent high schools (Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium) are in the top fifteen in the country.

Szeged is the higher education centre of southern Hungary and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreign students from all around the world. The Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which was built with the help of UNESCO funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. The University of Szeged was ranked as the top university of the country on Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2005, and in the top 100 in Europe.

السكان

التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±%
1870 56٬901—    
1880 59٬143+3.9%
1890 68٬924+16.5%
1900 82٬803+20.1%
1910 96٬063+16.0%
1920 100٬175+4.3%
1930 108٬448+8.3%
1941 110٬740+2.1%
1949 104٬867−5.3%
1960 117٬515+12.1%
1970 145٬312+23.7%
1980 164٬437+13.2%
1990 169٬930+3.3%
2001 168٬273−1.0%
2011 168٬048−0.1%
2013 161٬837−3.7%
2014 161٬921+0.1%

Ethnic groups (2001 census):

Religions (2001 census):

Economy

Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[3] Székelygulyás,[4] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.

Sport

The most popular sport in the town is, handball. The town has one well-known club the 2013-14 EHF Cup-winner SC Pick Szeged playing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I.

The second most popular sport is football in the town. Szeged had several clubs playing in the top level Hungarian league, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. These are Szegedi AK, Szegedi Honvéd SE. The only currently operating club, Szeged 2011 play in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II.

Association football clubs

Main sights

Votive Church (1930) Szeged-dom1.jpg Dömötör Tower (11th century) Szeged Kathedrale Unserer Lieben Frau Türmchen 1.JPG The Water Tower of Szent István Square (1904) Water tower Old Lady.JPG
Church of Grey Friars (Gothic, 15th century) Szeged Mathias Church interieur.jpg Ferenc Móra Museum (1896) Ferenc Móra Museum in Szeged.JPG Reök Palace (1907) Szeged REÖK Palota.jpg
City Hall (1728, 1804, 1883) Szeged Town Hall in winter 2009 (1).JPG Szeged Synagogue Ceiling New Synagogue Szeged Hungary.jpg National Theatre of Szeged Szeged002.jpg
Gróf-palace (1913) Raichle03KJ.jpg The Main Building of the University Szegedi TudományegyetemSF 010.jpg Fekete Ház "Black House", Museum of Currency


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Famous people

Born in Szeged

A memorial of the Golden Team, the legendary football team of Hungary
See also: تصنيف:People from Szeged.

Who lived in Szeged

Gallery

  • Szeged City Hall.

    Szeged City Hall.

  • Posta Palace.

    Posta Palace.

  • MÁV Palace.

    MÁV Palace.

  • Votive Church at night.

    Votive Church at night.

  • Unger–Mayer House (1911).

    Unger–Mayer House (1911).

  • Statue of Kuno Klebelsberg.

    Statue of Kuno Klebelsberg.

  • Szeged Railway Station.

    Szeged Railway Station.

  • The Great Flood (1879) Statue.

    The Great Flood (1879) Statue.

  • Rector's Building, University of Szeged

    Rector's Building, University of Szeged

  • Institute of Informatics & IT Department, University of Szeged

    Institute of Informatics & IT Department, University of Szeged

  • Faculty of Sciences (the chemistry building), University of Szeged

    Faculty of Sciences (the chemistry building), University of Szeged

  • TIK, the Central Library, University of Szeged

    TIK, the Central Library, University of Szeged

  • View from Votive Church Dome.

    View from Votive Church Dome.

  • View from Votive Church Dome.

    View from Votive Church Dome.

  • Aerial photography.

    Aerial photography.

  • Szeged bridge on Tisza.

    Szeged bridge on Tisza.

  • Capsicum fruits in Szeged.

    Capsicum fruits in Szeged.

  • Móra Ferenc Museum.

    Móra Ferenc Museum.

  • Anna Thermal-Bath.

    Anna Thermal-Bath.

Twin towns - Sister cities

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary

Szeged is twinned with:

انظر أيضاً

References

Notes
  1. ^ On etymology
  2. ^ Szeged by Dr. Trogmayer Ottó
  3. ^ أ ب [1]
  4. ^ أ ب Szeged Gulyas Recipe
  5. ^ Szeged Symphony Orchestra website, accessed 6 August 2012.
  6. ^ "Climatological Normals of Szeged". Hong Kong SAR Government. Retrieved 6 يناير 2011.
  7. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften und Internationales". Büro für Städtepartnerschaften und internationale Beziehungen (in German). Retrieved 26 يوليو 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "Villes jumelées avec la Ville de Nice" (in French). Ville de Nice. Retrieved 24 يونيو 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ "Miasta partnerskie - Urząd Miasta Łodzi [via WaybackMachine.com]". City of Łódź (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 يونيو 2013. Retrieved 21 يوليو 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Međunarodna suradnja Grada Pule". Grad Pula (in Croatian and Italian). Archived from the original on 5 مايو 2012. Retrieved 28 يوليو 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

External links

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Szeged.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Szeged.

قالب:Principal cities of Hungary قالب:Csongrad

الكلمات الدالة:
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