1885
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 18 - القرن 19 - القرن 20 |
| العقود: | عقد 1850 عقد 1860 عقد 1870 - عقد 1880 - عقد 1890 عقد 1900 عقد 1910 |
| السنوات: | 1882 1883 1884 - 1885 - 1886 1887 1888 |
| 1885 في موضوعات: |
| الإنسانيات |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى |
| حسب البلد |
| مصر – سوريا - إيران – الصين - فرنسا – ألمانيا – الدولة العثمانية – إيطاليا - اسبانيا - المغرب– روسيا - اليابان – البرازيل - الهند - المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة – إندونسيا |
| موضوعات أخرى |
| السكك الحديدية – العلوم – الرياضة |
| قوائم الزعماء |
| الدول ذات السيادة – زعماء الدول – حكام الأقاليم – الزعماء الدينيون |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات |
| المواليد – الوفيات |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات |
| تصنيف الأعمال |
| الأعمال |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1885 MDCCCLXXXV |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2638 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1334 ԹՎ ՌՅԼԴ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6635 |
| التقويم البهائي | 41–42 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1292 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2835 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 48 Vict. 1 – 49 Vict. 1 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2429 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1247 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7393–7394 |
| التقويم الصيني | 甲申年 (الخشب القرد) 4581 أو 4521 — إلى — 乙酉年 (الخشب الديك) 4582 أو 4522 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1601–1602 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 3051 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1877–1878 |
| التقويم العبري | 5645–5646 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1941–1942 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1807–1808 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4986–4987 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11885 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 885–886 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1263–1264 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1302–1303 |
| التقويم الياباني | Meiji 18 (明治１８年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 12 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4218 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 27 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前27年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2428 |
Year 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Events
January–March
- 3 يناير–4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force in northern Vietnam.
- January 4 – The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside.
- January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan: British victory at the Battle of Abu Klea.
- January 20 – LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster.
- January 24 – Irish terrorists damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite.[1]
- 26 يناير – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum. The British commander Charles George Gordon is killed.[2]
- February 5 – King Léopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State as a personal possession.
- February 7 – The play La vida alegre y muerte triste by dramatist José Echegaray opens.
- February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii.
- February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stood at a level of 62.76, and represented the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries.[3]
- February 21 – United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the Washington Monument.
- February 23
- Sino-French War: France gains an important victory over China in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of modern-day Vietnam.
- An English executioner fails after several attempts to hang John Babbacombe Lee, sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse; Lee's sentence is commuted to life imprisonment.
- February 26 – The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade in the "scramble for Africa".[2]
- February 28 – February concludes without having a full moon.
- March 3 – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York.
- March 4 – Grover Cleveland succeeds Chester A. Arthur as President of the United States.
- March 7 – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded.
- March 14 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Mikado opens at the Savoy Theatre in London.[4]
- March 26
- The Prussian government, motivated by Otto von Bismarck, expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia in the Prussian deportations.
- North-West Rebellion in Canada by the Métis people, led by Louis Riel, begins with the Battle of Duck Lake.
- First legal cremation in England: Mrs Jeannette C. Pickersgill of London, "well known in literary and scientific circles",[5] is cremated by the Cremation Society at Woking, Surrey.
- March 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident, which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.
- March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.[بحاجة لمصدر]
April–June
- April 2 – Frog Lake Massacre: Cree warriors led by Wandering Spirit kill 9 settlers at Frog Lake in the Northwest Territories.
- April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
- April 11 – Luton Town Football Club are created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England.
- April 14 – Final engagement of Sino-French War, with a French victory at Kép. China withdraws its forces from Tonkin.
- April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park.
- May 2
- Good Housekeeping magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States.
- North-West Rebellion – Battle of Cut Knife: Cree and Assiniboine warriors win their largest victory over Canadian forces.
- The Congo Free State is established by King Léopold II of Belgium.
- May 9–12 – Battle of Batoche: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on Métis rebels, bringing an end to their part in the North-West Rebellion.
- May 19 – After a three-month legislative battle in the Illinois General Assembly, John A. Logan is re-elected to the United States Senate.
- May 20 – The first public train departs Swanage railway station on the newly built Swanage Railway in England.
- June 3 – Battle of Loon Lake: The Canadian North-West Mounted Police and allies force a party of Plains Cree warriors to surrender in the last skirmish of the North-West Rebellion and the last battle fought on Canadian soil.
- June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.
- June 23 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- June 24 – Randolph Churchill becomes Secretary of State for India.
July–September
- July 6 – Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux successfully test their rabies vaccine. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
- July 14 – Sarah E. Goode is the first female African-American to apply for and receive a patent, for the invention of the hideaway bed.
- July 15 – The Reservation at Niagara Falls opens, enabling access to all for free. Thomas V. Welch is the first Superintendent of the Park.
- July 20 – Professional football is legalized in Britain.
- July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general and the 18th President of the United States, dies at age 63.
- July 28 – Louis Riel's trial for treason begins in Regina.
- August 19 – S Andromedae, the only supernova seen in the Andromeda Galaxy so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the Milky Way, is discovered.
- August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen, regarded as the first motorcycle, which he has produced with Wilhelm Maybach.[6][7][8]
- September 2 – The Rock Springs massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
- September 6 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the Unification of Bulgaria.
- September 8 – Saint Thomas Academy is founded in Minnesota.
- September 12 – Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord, the highest score ever in professional soccer.
- September 15 – A train wreck of the P. T. Barnum Circus kills giant elephant Jumbo.
- September 18 – The union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria is proclaimed at Plovdiv.
- September 30 – A British force abolishes the Boer republic of Stellaland and adds it to British Bechuanaland.
October–December
- October 3 – Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs in London as Millwall Rovers.
- October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta as the Georgia School of Technology.
- October 25 – Symphony No. 4 (Brahms) is premiered in Meiningen, Germany; with Johannes Brahms himself conducting it.
- November – The Third Anglo-Burmese War begins.
- November 7 – Canadian Pacific Railway: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considers the project to be vital to Canada due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
- November 14–November 28 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Serbia declares war against Bulgaria but is defeated in the Battle of Slivnitsa on November 17–November 19.
- November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of the Métis, is executed for high treason.
- December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day Dr Pepper is served for the very first time; the exact date of Dr Pepper's invention is unknown.
- December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in Bombay to form the Congress Party.
مجهولة التاريخ
The Benz Patent-Motorwagen, built in 1885
- Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following year).[9]
- John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.[10]
- Chile's Matrimony and Civil Registry laws come into effect.
- A cholera outbreak occurs in Spain.
- The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.[11]
- Bicycle Playing Cards are first produced.
- Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association is established in the UK to provide charitable assistance.
- Camp Dudley, the oldest continually running boys' camp in America, is founded.
- John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of Don Quixote, acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th Century.
- Michigan Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time in what is now the Houghton County Fire Hall.
مواليد
- 11 مارس - منيرة المهدية، أول مغنية مصرية.
- 11 سبتمبر - الأديب الإنجليزي ديڤد هربرت لورانس.
وفيات
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
يناير-يونيو
- January 11 – Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia (و. 1805)
- January 13 – Schuyler Colfax, Vice President of the United States (و. 1823)
- 26 يناير – Charles "Chinese" Gordon, British general (killed in battle) (و. 1833)
- 1 فبراير – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, inventor (و. 1850)
- February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov, Russian explorer and naturalist (b.1827)
- March 12 – Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (و. 1834)
- April 2 – Justo Rufino Barrios, Central American leader (و. 1835)
- April 25 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (و. 1836)
- May 2 – Terézia Zakoucs Hungarian Slovene author (و. 1817)
- May 4 – Irvin McDowell, American general (و. 1818)
- May 17 – Jonathan Young, United States Navy commodore (و. 1826)
- May 19 – Robert Emmet Odlum swimming instructor that becomes the first person to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge and subsequently dies.
- May 22 – Victor Hugo, French author (و. 1802)
- June 17 – Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel, German field marshal (و. 1809)
- June 22 – Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi (و. 1844)
يوليو–ديسمبر
- July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general and the 18th President of the United States (و. 1822)
- August – Aga Khan II, religious leader (و. 1830)
- August 10 – James Wilson Marshall, American contractor and builder of Sutter's Mill (و. 1810)
- August 29 – Moriz Ludassy, Hungarian journalist (و. 1825)
- September 6 – Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion (و. 1819).
- September 15 – Jumbo, the great elephant & star attraction in P. T. Barnum's circus (train accident) (و. 1861)
- October 29 – George B. McClellan, American Civil War general (و. 1826)
- November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian leader (و. 1844)
- November 24 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (و. 1837)
- November 25
- King Alfonso XII of Spain (و. 1857)
- Thomas Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States (و. 1819)
- November 26 – Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (و. 1813)
- December 8 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (و. 1821)
- December 15 – Ferdinand II of Portugal, consort of Queen Maria II (و. 1816)
في الخيال
- September 2–September 7 – The film Back to the Future Part III takes place during this time.
- The stage "Bury My Shell at Wounded Knee" in the 1992 video game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time is set in this year.
References
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 310–311. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ أ ب Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 438–440. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Dow Record Book Adds Another First. Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ "Cremation". The Times. No. 31405. London. 1885-03-27. p. 10.
- ^ Gardiner, Mark (1997). Classic motorcycles. MetroBooks. p. 16. ISBN 1-56799-460-1.
- ^ Brown, Roland (2005). The Ultimate History of Fast Motorcycles. Bath: Parragon. p. 6. ISBN 1-4054-5466-0.
- ^ Wilson, Hugo (1993). The Ultimate Motorcycle Book. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 8–9. ISBN 1-56458-303-1.
- ^ Benz, Carl Friedrich (1925). Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen. Leipzig: Koehler & Amelang.
- ^ "Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885". Making the Modern World. Science Museum (London). Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)