ناياد
 A Naiad بريشة جون وليام واترهاوس، 1893; حورية مائية تقترب من Hylas النائم. | |
| المجموعة | حوريات |
|---|---|
| الموئل | أي مسطح من المياه العذبة |
| سلسلة الآلهة اليونانية |
|---|
| آلهة الماء |
| حوريات الماء |
في الأساطير اليونانية، الناياد naiads (/ˈnaɪædz, ˈneɪædz, -ədz/; Ancient Greek: ναϊάδες, romanized: naïádes), sometimes also hydriads,[1] هم نوع من الأرواح المؤنثة أو الحوريات، تترأس النوافير والآبار والعيون والمجاري المائية ومسطحات المياه العذبة الأخرى. They are distinct from river gods, who embodied rivers.
أصل الاسم
الكلمة اليونانية هي ναϊάς (naïás [naːiás])، وجمْعها ναϊάδες (naïádes [naːiádes]). وهي مشتقة من νάειν (náein), "to flow"، أو νᾶμα (nâma), "مسطح مياه جارية".[citation needed]
الأساطير
Naiads were often the object of archaic local cults, worshipped as essential to humans. Boys and girls at coming-of-age ceremonies dedicated their childish locks to the local naiad of the spring. In places like Lerna their waters' ritual cleansings were credited with magical medical properties. Animals were ritually drowned there. Oracles might be situated by ancient springs.
Naiads could be dangerous: Hylas of the Argo’s crew was lost when he was taken by naiads fascinated by his beauty. The naiads were also believed to exhibit jealous tendencies. Theocritus's story of naiad jealousy was that of a shepherd, Daphnis, who was the lover of Nomia or Echenais; Daphnis had on several occasions been unfaithful to Nomia and as revenge she permanently blinded him. The nymph Salmacis raped Hermaphroditus and fused with him when he tried to escape.
The water nymph associated with particular springs was known all through Europe in places with no direct connection with Greece, surviving in the Celtic wells of northwest Europe that have been rededicated to Saints, and in the medieval Melusine.
Walter Burkert points out, "When in the Iliad [xx.4–9] Zeus calls the gods into assembly on Mount Olympus, it is not only the well-known Olympians who come along, but also all the nymphs and all the rivers; Okeanos alone remains at his station",[2] Greek hearers recognized this impossibility as the poet's hyperbole, which proclaimed the universal power of Zeus over the ancient natural world: "the worship of these deities," Burkert confirms, "is limited only by the fact that they are inseparably identified with a specific locality."[2]
التفسير
In the back-story of the myth of Aristaeus, Hypseus, a king of the Lapiths, married Chlidanope, a naiad, who bore him Cyrene. Aristaeus had more than ordinary mortal experience with the naiads: when his bees died in Thessaly, he went to consult them. His aunt Arethusa invited him below the water's surface, where he was washed with water from a perpetual spring and given advice.
أسماء الأماكن
- St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans was formerly known as Nyades Street, and is parallel to Dryades Street.[citation needed]
- Naiad Lake in Antarctica is named after the nymphs.[3]
- Naiad, the innermost moon of Neptune, is named after the nymphs.
معرض صور
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Naiads, Cyprian Kamil Norwid, 1846 -
Gioacchino Pagliei - The Naiads, 1881 -
Fountain of the Naiads, 1888, Piazza della Repubblica, Rome -
Hylas and the Water Nymphs by Henrietta Rae, 1909
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انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ Postgate, J. P. (1897). "On the Alleged Confusion of Nymph-Names. Appendix". The American Journal of Philology. 18 (1): 74–75. doi:10.2307/287931. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 287931.
- ^ أ ب Burkert, III, 3.3, p. 174.
- ^ Naiad Lake. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
المراجع
- Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus) 2.95, 2.11, 2.21, 2.23, 1.61, 1.81, 1.7.6
- Homer. Odyssey 13.355, 17.240, Iliad 14.440, 20.380
- Ovid. Metamorphoses
- Hesiod. Theogony
- Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-674-36281-0.
- Edgar Allan Poe, "Sonnet to Science" 1829