هتمانية القوزاق

(تم التحويل من Cossack Hetmanate)
Zaporizhian Host
1649–1764
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat
العلم
{{{coat_alt}}}
Coat of arms
الهتمانية في 1654 (على خلفية اوكرانيا المعاصرة).
الهتمانية في 1654 (على خلفية اوكرانيا المعاصرة).
العاصمةChyhyryn، Baturyn، هليوخيف
اللغات الشائعةالاوكرانية
الدين الروم الأرثوذكس
الحكومةملكية-جمهورية
Hetman 
• 1648-1657 (الأول)
بوهدان خملنيتسكي
• 1750-1764 (الأخير)
Kyrylo Rozumovsky
التشريعGeneral Cossack Council
Council of Officers
التاريخ 
• Treaty of Zboriv
1649
• Treaty of Bila Tserkva
1651
• Treaty of Pereyaslav
1654
• Treaty of Andrusovo
1667
• Hetman post abolished
1764
• انحلت
1764

هتمانية القوزاق،The Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьманщина, Het’manshchyna) or Zaporizhian Host (Ukrainian: Військо Запорозьке, Viys’kо Zaporoz’kе) was the Ukrainian Cossack state[1] in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764. The Hetmanate was founded by Ukrainian hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657).

In 1654 it pledged its allegiance to Muscovy during the Council of Pereyaslav, while being a constituency of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later the documents of the treaty (articles) were rewritten numerous times for reorganization purposes at every election of the new hetman. A regional referendum concluded the fall of the region under the protection of the Russian monarchy that guaranteed sovereignty of the region in fight against the Polish Crown. The Treaty of Andrusovo of 1667, however, was conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate and concluded the borders between Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper. This division caused a civil war in Ukraine between various parties of Cossacks that lasted till the end of the 17th century. Already in December of 1662 the government of Russia established the Little Russian prikaz as part a department of the Polish prikaz.

In the 18th century the territory of the Hetmanate was limited to Left-bank Ukraine with its capital in Baturyn. Russian forces sacked Baturyn during the Great Northern War and redesignated the new hetman residence to Hlukhiv, while the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the autonomy of the Cossack state in 1764.[2] The Cossack Hetmanate was subsequently split between the Governments of Kiev and Malorossiya.

The Hetmanate consisted of the territory of modern-day central Ukraine and a small part of Russia (former Starodub region of Chernigov Governorate). Specifically, its territory included provinces of Chernihiv, Poltava, and Sumy (without the southeastern portion), the left-bank territories of Kiev and Cherkasy, as well as the western portion of Bryansk Oblast of Russia. The lands of the Zaporizhian Host had a certain degree of self-government with its own administration.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الاسم

تاريخ

التأسيس

Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky's triumphal entry to Kiev in 1648.

محمية موسكو


الخراب

Cossack raider with a head of an enemy
To war! (Mykola Pymonenko, 1902)


عصر مازيپا

The St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kiev, built with funds from Hetman Ivan Mazepa.

End of the Zaporozhian Host

الثقافة

التعليم

The Kyiv Mohyla Academy as seen today.

الدين

The Mezhyhirskyi Monastery, located on the right bank of the Dnieper. Fyodor Solntsev, 1843.

المجتمع

النبلاء

القوزاق


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

رجال الدين

سكان البلدة

الفلاحون

الحكومة

الإدارة

قائمة الكتائب

الكتيبة الدرع سنوات التشكيل المصير تشكيل آخر ملاحظات
Chyhyryn Regiment Chyhyryn polk.svg 1625-1678 1704-1712
Cherkasy Regiment No image available.svg 1625-1686 merged with Pereyaslav
Korsun Regiment Korsun polk.svg 1625-1712
Bila Tserkva Regiment Bila Cerkva polk.svg 1625-1712
Kaniv Regiment Kaniv polk.svg 1625-1712
Pereyaslav Regiment Pereyaslav polk.svg 1625-1782
Kiev Regiment Kyiv polk.svg 1625-1782
Myrhorod Regiment Myrhorod polk.svg 1625-1782
Ovruch Regiment No image available.svg 1648-????
Irkliyiv Regiment Irakliiv polk.svg 1648-1648 merged with Kropyvna 1658-1659
Sosnytsia Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1648 merged with Chernihiv 1663-1668 merged with Chernihiv
Chornobyl Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649 1651-1651
Borzna Regiment Borzna polk.svg 1648-1649 merged with Chernihiv 1654-1655 merged with Nizhyn
Zhyvotiv Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649 merged with Vinnytsia
Ichnya Regiment Ichnia polk.svg 1648-1649 merged with Pryluky
Hadiach Regiment Hadyach polk.svg 1648-1649 merged with Poltava
Zvyahel Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649
Ostropil Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649 1657-1658
Podillya Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649 1657-1676
Lyubartiv Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1649
Lysyanka Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1657 split among others
Bratslav Regiment Braclav polk.svg 1648-1667 merged with Vinnytsia 1685-1712
Vinnytsia Regiment Vinnytsia polk.svg 1648-1667 (Kalnyk) merged with Chechelnyk
Uman Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1675
Pavoloch Regiment No image available.svg 1648-1675
Poltava Regiment Poltava polk.svg 1648-1675
Lubny Regiment Lubny polk.svg 1648-1781
Nizhyn Regiment Nizhyn polk.svg 1648-1782
Pryluky Regiment Pryluky polk.svg 1648-1782
Chernihiv Regiment Chernihiv polk.svg 1648-1782
Kropyvna Regiment Kropyvna polk.svg 1649-1658 split Lubny/Pereyaslav
Chechelnyk Regiment No image available.svg 1650-1673
Novhorod Regiment No image available.svg 1653-1654 merged with Nizhyn 1668-1668 merged with Starodub
Belarus Regiment No image available.svg 1654-1659
Pinsk-Turov Regiment No image available.svg 1654-1659
Starodub Regiment Starodub polk.svg 1654-1782
Kremenchuk Regiment No image available.svg 1661-1666
Hlukhiv Regiment Hlukhiv polk.svg 1663-1665 merged with Nizhyn
Zinkiv Regiment Zinkiv polk.svg 1671-1782 name change to Hadiach
Fastiv Regiment No image available.svg 1684-1712 merged with Bila Tserkva
Bohuslav Regiment Bohuslav polk.svg 1685-1712

قالب:Cossack Regiments


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

القيادة

First Little Russian Collegiate

Second Little Russian Collegiate

انظر أيضا

الهوامش

المصادر

  • Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0830-5.

وصلات خارجية