اللغات الصينية-التبتية

(تم التحويل من لغات صينية تبتية)
الصينية-التبتية
Trans-Himalayan
Geographic
distribution		جنوب آسيا، شرق آسيا, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia
Linguistic classificationواحدة من عائلات اللغات الرئيسية في العالم.
SubdivisionsSome 40 well-established subgroups, of which those with the most speakers are:
ISO 639-2 / 5sit
Linguasphere79- (phylozone)
Glottologsino1245
Major Sino-Tibetan groups.png
Major branches of Sino-Tibetan:

اللغات الصينية-التبتية Sino-Tibetan languages هي عائلة من أكثر من 400 لغة منطوقة في شرق آسيا، جنوب شرق آسيا وأجزاء من جنوب آسيا، بما فيهم الصينية واللغات التبتية-البورمية. وتأتي في المرتبة الثانية بعد اللغات الهندو-اوروبية من حيث عدد المتكلمين بها كلغة أولى. التصنيف الداخلي للعائلة هو موضع جدال مستمر.

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تاريخ المقترح

Northern Indo-Chinese
  • Chinese-Siamese
  • Tibeto-Burman


الصينو-تبتية

(For Shafer, the suffix -ic denoted a primary division of the family, whereas the -ish suffix denoted a sub-division of one of those.)


الصينية والتبتية-البورمية

Sino-Tibetan
  • Chinese
  • Tibeto-Karen
    • Karen
    • Tibeto-Burman

Matisoff (1978) abandoned Benedict's Tibeto-Karen hypothesis:

Sino-Tibetan
  • Chinese
  • Tibeto-Burman

وضع التاي والهمونگ-ميين

الصينو-كيرانتي

الصينو-بودية

Van Driem (2001), اقترح عدة فرضيات، منها تخفيض الصينية إلى فرع من المجموعة الفرعية الصينو-بودية:

Tibeto-Burman

الشعوب واللغات

L1 speakers of Chinese languages and other Sino-Tibetan languages according to Ethnologue
L1 speakers of Bodish languages and other Sino-Tibetan languages according to Ethnologue
L1 speakers of Burmish languages and other Sino-Tibetan languages according to Ethnologue
L1 speakers of Ngwi languages and other Sino-Tibetan languages according to Ethnologue

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

المراجع

الأعمال المشار إليها
  • Beckwith, Christopher I. (1996), "The Morphological Argument for the Existence of Sino-Tibetan", Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8–10, 1996, Bangkok: Mahidol University at Salaya, pp. 812–826. 
  • Beckwith, Christopher I. (2002), "The Sino-Tibetan problem", in Beckwith, Christopher, Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages, Brill, pp. 113–158, ISBN 978-90-04-12424-0. 
  • Benedict, Paul K. (1972), Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-08175-7. 
  • van Driem, George (1997), "Sino-Bodic", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60 (3): 455–488. 
  • van Driem, George (2001), Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region, Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12062-4. 
  • van Driem, George (2011), "The Trans-Himalayan phylum and its implications for population prehistory", Communication on Contemporary Anthropology 5: 135–142, doi:10.4236/coca.2011.51020, http://comonca.org.cn/PDF/2011/COMONCA05-020.pdf. 
  • Forbes, Charles James (1878), "On Tibeto-Burman languages", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, New Series X: 210–­227. 
  • Klaproth, Julius (1823), Asia Polyglotta, Paris: B.A. Shubart, http://archive.org/details/asiapolyglotta02klapgoog. 
  • Logan, James R. (1856), "The Maruwi of the Baniak Islands", Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 1 (1): 1–42. 
  • Logan, James R. (1858), "The West-Himalaic or Tibetan tribes of Asam, Burma and Pegu", Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 2 (1): 68–114. 
  • Matisoff, James A. (2000), "On 'Sino-Bodic' and Other Symptoms of Neosubgroupitis", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63 (3): 356–369. 
  • Miller, Roy Andrew (1974), "Sino-Tibetan: Inspection of a Conspectus", Journal of the American Oriental Society 94 (2): 195–209. 
  • Sapir, Edward (1925), "Review: Les Langues du Monde", Modern Language Notes 40 (6): 373–375. 
  • Shafer, Robert (1952), "Athapaskan and Sino-Tibetan", International Journal of American Linguistics 18 (1): 12–19. 
  • Shafer, Robert (1966), Introduction to Sino-Tibetan, 1, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, ISBN 978-3-447-01559-2. 
العامة
  • Baxter, William H. (1995). "'A Stronger Affinity ... Than Could Have Been Produced by Accident': A Probabilistic Comparison of Old Chinese and Tibeto-Burman", in William S.-Y. Wang (ed.) The Ancestry of the Chinese Language (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 8), Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis, pp. 1–39.
  • Coblin, W. South (1986). A Sinologist's Handlist of Sino-Tibetan Lexical Comparisons. Monumenta Serica Monograph Series 18. Nettetal: Steyler Verlag. ISBN 3-87787-208-5.
  • van Driem, George (1995). "Black Mountain Conjugational Morphology, Proto-Tibeto-Burman Morphosyntax, and the Linguistic Position of Chinese". Senri Ethnological Studies 41:229-259.
  • ——— (2003). "Tibeto-Burman vs. Sino-Tibetan", Werner Winter, Brigitte L. M. Bauer and Georges-Jean Pinault (eds.) Language in time and space: a Festschrift for Werner Winter on the occasion of his 80th birthday, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 101–119. ISBN 978-3-11-017648-3.
  • Gong Hwang-cherng (2002). Han Zang yu yanjiu lunwen ji (漢藏語硏究論文集 "Collected papers on Sino-Tibetan linguistics"). Taipei: Academia Sinica. ISBN 957-671-872-4.
  • Jacques, Guillaume (2006). "La morphologie du sino-tibétain." In La linguistique comparative en France aujourd’hui, 4 March.
  • Matisoff, James A. (2003). Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction (805 pages, 3.2 MB). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09843-9.
  • Nedeljković, Mile (2001). Leksikon naroda sveta, Beograd.
  • Sagart, Laurent 2005. "Sino-Tibetan–Austronesian: an updated and improved argument." Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench & Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, eds. The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. London: Routledge Curzon, pp. 161–176. ISBN 978-0-415-32242-3.
  • Starostin, Sergei, and I. I. Pejrosom (1996). A Comparative Dictionary of Five Sino-Tibetan Languages Melbourne University Press.
  • Thurgood, Graham and Randy J. LaPolla (eds.) (2003). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5.


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وصلات خارجية


قالب:Sino-Tibetan branches

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