رمي القرص

Athletics
Discus throw
Robert Harting (2008).jpg
German 2012 Olympic champion Robert Harting.
الأرقام القياسية العالمية
رجالألمانيا الشرقية Jürgen Schult (GDR) 74.08 m (243 ft 12 in) (1986)
نساءألمانيا الشرقية Gabriele Reinsch (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1988)
الأرقام القياسية الأولمپية
رجاللتوانيا Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) قالب:T&FcalcR (2004)
نساءألمانيا الشرقية Martina Hellmann (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1988)
الأرقام القياسية لبطولات العالم
رجاللتوانيا Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) قالب:T&FcalcR (2005)
Womenألمانيا الشرقية Martina Hellmann  (GDR) قالب:T&FcalcR (1987)

يبدأ رمي القرص من داخل دائرة قطرها 2.5 متر، يُحظر على المتسابق أن يتعداها، والقرص مصنوع من الخشب المحاط بالحديد، ويبلغ قطره 22 سم ووزنه 2 كجم، وقد يزن كيلوجراما واحدا فقط في المباريات النسائية. ويقوم المتسابق بالدوران عدة مرات حول نفسه، لكي يكسب القرص أقصى سرعة ممكنة، وفي حركة استرخاء أخيرة للذراع، يزيد من القوة الطاردة لكي يقوم برمي القرص أخيرا.

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التاريخ

Modern copy of the Diskophoros, attributed to Alkamenes

The sport of throwing the discus traces back to it being an event in the original Olympic Games of Ancient Greece.[1] The discus as a sport was resurrected in Magdeburg, Germany, by Christian Georg Kohlrausch and his students in the 1870s.[2] Organized Men's competition was resumed in the late 19th century, and has been a part of the modern Summer Olympic Games since the first modern competition, the 1896 Summer Olympics. Images of discus throwers figured prominently in advertising for early modern Games, such as fundraising stamps for the 1896 games, the main posters for the 1920 and 1948 Summer Olympics. Today the sport of discus is a routine part of modern track-and-field meets at all levels, and retains a particularly iconic place in the Olympic Games.

رمي القرص
The main poster for the 1920 Summer Olympics


Regulations

The event consists of throwing a disc of a certain weight or size depending on the competitor. Men and women throw different sized discus with varying sizes of weights depending on age. The weight of the discus is either governed by the World Athletics for international or USA Track & Field for the United States.

US Weights[3]
Age Men Women
High School 1.6 kg 1 kg
Collegiate 2 kg 1 kg
Professional 2 kg 1 kg
Master's (35-59) 1.5 kg 1 kg
Master's (60-74) 1 kg 1 kg
Master's (75+) 1 kg 0.75 kg
International Weights[4]
Age Men Women
≤17 1.5 kg 1 kg
18-19 1.75 kg 1 kg
20-49 2 kg 1 kg
50-59 1.5 kg 1 kg
60-74 1 kg 1 kg
75+ 1 kg 0.75 kg
Discus (2 kg), IAAF certified for competitions
Side view
Longitudinal section (schematic)

The typical discus has sides made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal with a metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight. The rim must be smooth, with no roughness or finger holds. A discus with more weight in the rim produces greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although it is more difficult to throw. However, a higher rim weight, if thrown correctly, can lead to a farther throw. In some competitions, a solid rubber discus is used (see in the United States).


All-time top 25

Men

  • Correct as of July 2021.[5][6]
Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 74.08 m (243 ft 12 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Jürgen Schult (GDR) 6 June 1986 Neubrandenburg
2 73.88 m (242 ft 4+12 in) لتوانيا Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) 3 August 2000 Kaunas
3 73.38 m (240 ft 8+34 in) إستونيا Gerd Kanter (EST) 4 September 2006 Helsingborg
4 71.86 m (235 ft 9 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Yuriy Dumchev (URS) 29 May 1983 Moscow
السويد Daniel Ståhl (SWE) 29 June 2019 Bottnaryd [7]
6 71.84 m (235 ft 8+14 in) پولندا Piotr Małachowski (POL) 8 June 2013 Hengelo
7 71.70 m (235 ft 2+34 in) المجر Róbert Fazekas (HUN) 14 July 2002 Szombathely
8 71.50 m (234 ft 6+34 in) ألمانيا Lars Riedel (GER) 3 May 1997 Wiesbaden
9 71.32 m (233 ft 11+34 in) الولايات المتحدة Ben Plucknett (USA) 4 June 1983 Eugene
10 71.26 m (233 ft 9+12 in) الولايات المتحدة John Powell (USA) 9 June 1984 San Jose
71.26 m (233 ft 9+12 in) السويد Rickard Bruch (SWE) 15 November 1984 Malmö
71.26 m (233 ft 9+12 in) تشيكوسلوڤاكيا Imrich Bugár (TCH) 25 May 1985 San Jose
13 71.18 m (233 ft 6+14 in) الولايات المتحدة Art Burns (USA) 19 July 1983 San Jose
14 71.16 m (233 ft 5+12 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Wolfgang Schmidt (GDR) 9 August 1978 Berlin
15 71.14 m (233 ft 4+34 in) الولايات المتحدة Anthony Washington (USA) 22 May 1996 Salinas
16 71.06 m (233 ft 1+12 in) كوبا Luis Delís (CUB) 21 May 1983 Havana
17 70.98 m (232 ft 10+14 in) الولايات المتحدة Mac Wilkins (USA) 9 July 1980 Helsinki
18 70.82 m (232 ft 4 in) إستونيا Aleksander Tammert (EST) 15 April 2006 Denton
19 70.78 m (232 ft 2+12 in) جامايكا Fedrick Dacres (JAM) 16 June 2019 Rabat [8]
20 70.66 m (231 ft 9+34 in) ألمانيا Robert Harting (GER) 22 May 2012 Turnov
21 70.54 m (231 ft 5 in) روسيا Dmitriy Shevchenko (RUS) 7 May 2002 Krasnodar
22 70.38 m (230 ft 10+34 in) الولايات المتحدة Jay Silvester (USA) 16 May 1971 Lancaster
23 70.35 m (230 ft 9+12 in) سلوڤنيا Kristjan Čeh (SLO) 26 June 2021 Kuortane [9]
24 70.32 m (230 ft 8+12 in) جنوب أفريقيا Frantz Kruger (RSA) 26 May 2002 Salon-de-Provence
25 70.29 m (230 ft 7+14 in) كولومبيا Mauricio Ortega (COL) 22 July 2020 Lovelhe [10]


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Notes

Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 71.00 m:

Notable series

At the 2019 Diamond League Meeting in Doha, Qatar, Daniel Ståhl became the first man to produce six throws beyond 69.50 in a single competition.[11]

Non-legal marks

  • Ben Plucknett also threw a world record of 72.34 on 7 July 1981 in Stockholm, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.
  • Rickard Bruch also threw 72.18 on 23 July 1974 at an exhibition meeting in Piteå.
  • John Powell also threw 72.08 on 11 September 1987 in Klagshamn, but the throw was made onto a sloping/downhill sector.
  • Kamy Keshmiri threw 70.84 on 27 May 1992 in Salinas, but this performance was annulled due to doping offense.

Images

Women

Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 76.80 m (251 ft 11+12 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Gabriele Reinsch (GDR) 9 July 1988 Neubrandenburg
2 74.56 m (244 ft 7+14 in) تشيكوسلوڤاكيا Zdeňka Šilhavá (TCH) 26 August 1984 Nitra
ألمانيا الشرقية Ilke Wyludda (GDR) 23 July 1989 Neubrandenburg
4 74.08 m (243 ft 12 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Diana Gansky (GDR) 20 June 1987 Karl-Marx-Stadt
5 73.84 m (242 ft 3 in) رومانيا Daniela Costian (ROU) 30 April 1988 Bucharest
6 73.36 m (240 ft 8 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Irina Meszynski (GDR) 17 August 1984 Prague
7 73.28 m (240 ft 5 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Galina Savinkova (URS) 8 September 1984 Donetsk
8 73.22 m (240 ft 2+12 in) بلغاريا Tsvetanka Khristova (BUL) 19 April 1987 Kazanlak
9 73.10 m (239 ft 9+34 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Gisela Beyer (GDR) 20 July 1984 Berlin
10 72.92 m (239 ft 2+34 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Martina Hellmann (GDR) 20 August 1987 Potsdam
11 72.14 m (236 ft 8 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Galina Murashova (URS) 17 August 1984 Prague
12 71.80 m (235 ft 6+34 in) بلغاريا Mariya Vergova (BUL) 13 July 1980 Sofia
13 71.68 m (235 ft 2 in) الصين Xiao Yanling (CHN) 14 March 1992 Beijing
14 71.58 m (234 ft 10 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Ellina Zvereva (URS) 12 June 1988 Leningrad
15 71.50 m (234 ft 6+34 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Evelin Jahl (GDR) 10 May 1980 Potsdam
16 71.41 m (234 ft 3+14 in) كرواتيا Sandra Perković (CRO) 18 July 2017 Bellinzona [14]
17 71.30 m (233 ft 11 in) روسيا Larisa Korotkevich (RUS) 29 May 1992 Sochi
18 71.22 m (233 ft 7+34 in) هولندا Ria Stalman (NED) 15 July 1984 Walnut
19 71.16 m (233 ft 5+12 in) الولايات المتحدة Valarie Allman (USA) 12 September 2021 Berlin [15]
20 70.88 m (232 ft 6+12 in) كوبا Hilda Ramos (CUB) 8 May 1992 Havana
21 70.80 m (232 ft 3+14 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Larisa Mikhalchenko (URS) 18 June 1988 Kharkiv
22 70.68 m (231 ft 10+12 in) كوبا Maritza Martén (CUB) 18 July 1992 Sevilla
23 70.65 m (231 ft 9+14 in) كوبا Denia Caballero (CUB) 20 June 2015 Bilbao [16]
24 70.50 m (231 ft 3+12 in) الاتحاد السوڤيتي Faina Melnik (URS) 24 April 1976 Sochi
25 70.34 m (230 ft 9+14 in) ألمانيا الشرقية Silvia Madetzky (GDR) 16 May 1988 Athens


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Notes

Below is a list of all other performances (excluding ancillary throws) equal or superior to 72.95 m:

Non-legal marks

Olympic medalists

Men

قالب:Olympic medalists in men's discus throw

Women

قالب:Olympic medalists in women's discus throw

World Championships medalists

Men

قالب:World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's discus throw

Women

قالب:World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's discus throw

Season's bests

انظر أيضاً

الملاحظات والمراجع

  1. ^ "Discus Throwing | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  2. ^ "History of Discus". www.discusnada.org. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  3. ^ "Track and Field Throwing Implement Weight Requirements Rules". www.everythingtrackandfield.com. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  4. ^ "Book of Rules | Official Documents". www.worldathletics.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  5. ^ Discus Throw - men - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-20.
  6. ^ "All-time men's best Discus Throw". alltime-athletics.com. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Stahl goes to equal fourth on the world all-time discus list with 71.86m". European Athletics. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  8. ^ "Discus Throw Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  9. ^ Steve Smythe (29 June 2021). "Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce wins sprint double in Jamaican Trials – weekly round-up". Athletics Weekly. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  10. ^ Bob Ramsak (24 July 2020). "Dadic impresses in one-hour heptathlon, Ortega smashes South American discus record". World Athletics. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  11. ^ Bob Ramsak (3 May 2019). "Stahl sends discus beyond 70 metres in Doha – IAAF Diamond League". IAAF. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  12. ^ Discus Throw - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-20.
  13. ^ "All-time women's best Discus Throw". alltime-athletics.com. 23 June 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  14. ^ Diego Sampaolo (19 July 2017). "Perkovic throws 71.41m in Bellinzona, world's best discus mark since 1992". IAAF. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  15. ^ Jon Mulkeen (12 September 2021). "Allman breaks North American discus record in Berlin". World Athletics. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  16. ^ "Denia Caballero sets Discus world lead of 70.65, Pichardo debuts in long jump". watchathletics.com. 21 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.

وصلات خارجية