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قواعد مكاملة الدوال العامة
∫
a
f
(
x
)
d
x
=
a
∫
f
(
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int af(x)\,dx=a\int f(x)\,dx}
∫
[
f
(
x
)
+
g
(
x
)
]
d
x
=
∫
f
(
x
)
d
x
+
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int [f(x)+g(x)]\,dx=\int f(x)\,dx+\int g(x)\,dx}
∫
f
(
x
)
g
(
x
)
d
x
=
f
(
x
)
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
−
∫
(
d
[
f
(
x
)
]
∫
g
(
x
)
d
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int f(x)g(x)\,dx=f(x)\int g(x)\,dx-\int \left(d[f(x)]\int g(x)\,dx\right)\,dx}
تكاملات الدوال البسيطة more integrals: List of integrals of rational functions
∫
d
x
=
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \,dx=x+C}
∫
x
n
d
x
=
x
n
+
1
n
+
1
+
C
if
n
≠
−
1
{\displaystyle \int x^{n}\,dx={\frac {x^{n+1}}{n+1}}+C\qquad {\mbox{ if }}n\neq -1}
∫
1
x
d
x
=
ln
|
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{x}}\,dx=\ln {\left|x\right|}+C}
∫
d
u
a
2
+
u
2
=
1
a
arctan
u
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {du \over {a^{2}+u^{2}}}={1 \over a}\arctan {u \over a}+C}
more integrals: List of integrals of irrational functions
∫
d
u
a
2
−
u
2
=
arcsin
u
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {du \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-u^{2}}}}=\arcsin {u \over a}+C}
∫
−
d
u
a
2
−
u
2
=
arccos
u
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {-du \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-u^{2}}}}=\arccos {u \over a}+C}
∫
d
u
u
u
2
−
a
2
=
1
a
arcsec
|
u
|
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {du \over u{\sqrt {u^{2}-a^{2}}}}={1 \over a}{\mbox{arcsec}}\,{|u| \over a}+C}
more integrals: List of integrals of logarithmic functions
∫
ln
x
d
x
=
x
ln
x
−
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \ln {x}\,dx=x\ln {x}-x+C}
∫
log
b
x
d
x
=
x
log
b
x
−
x
log
b
e
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \log _{b}{x}\,dx=x\log _{b}{x}-x\log _{b}{e}+C}
more integrals: List of integrals of exponential functions
∫
e
x
d
x
=
e
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int e^{x}\,dx=e^{x}+C}
∫
a
x
d
x
=
a
x
ln
a
+
C
{\displaystyle \int a^{x}\,dx={\frac {a^{x}}{\ln {a}}}+C}
more integrals: List of integrals of trigonometric functions and List of integrals of arc functions
∫
sin
x
d
x
=
−
cos
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sin {x}\,dx=-\cos {x}+C}
∫
cos
x
d
x
=
sin
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cos {x}\,dx=\sin {x}+C}
∫
tan
x
d
x
=
−
ln
|
cos
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \tan {x}\,dx=-\ln {\left|\cos {x}\right|}+C}
∫
cot
x
d
x
=
ln
|
sin
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cot {x}\,dx=\ln {\left|\sin {x}\right|}+C}
∫
sec
x
d
x
=
ln
|
sec
x
+
tan
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sec {x}\,dx=\ln {\left|\sec {x}+\tan {x}\right|}+C}
∫
csc
x
d
x
=
−
ln
|
csc
x
+
cot
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \csc {x}\,dx=-\ln {\left|\csc {x}+\cot {x}\right|}+C}
∫
sec
2
x
d
x
=
tan
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sec ^{2}x\,dx=\tan x+C}
∫
csc
2
x
d
x
=
−
cot
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \csc ^{2}x\,dx=-\cot x+C}
∫
sec
x
tan
x
d
x
=
sec
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sec {x}\,\tan {x}\,dx=\sec {x}+C}
∫
csc
x
cot
x
d
x
=
−
csc
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \csc {x}\,\cot {x}\,dx=-\csc {x}+C}
∫
sin
2
x
d
x
=
1
2
(
x
−
sin
x
cos
x
)
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sin ^{2}x\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}(x-\sin x\cos x)+C}
∫
cos
2
x
d
x
=
1
2
(
x
+
sin
x
cos
x
)
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cos ^{2}x\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}(x+\sin x\cos x)+C}
∫
sin
n
x
d
x
=
−
sin
n
−
1
x
cos
x
n
+
n
−
1
n
∫
sin
n
−
2
x
d
x
{\displaystyle \int \sin ^{n}x\,dx=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}{x}\cos {x}}{n}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \sin ^{n-2}{x}\,dx}
∫
cos
n
x
d
x
=
−
cos
n
−
1
x
sin
x
n
+
n
−
1
n
∫
cos
n
−
2
x
d
x
{\displaystyle \int \cos ^{n}x\,dx=-{\frac {\cos ^{n-1}{x}\sin {x}}{n}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \cos ^{n-2}{x}\,dx}
∫
arctan
x
d
x
=
x
arctan
x
−
1
2
ln
|
1
+
x
2
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \arctan {x}\,dx=x\,\arctan {x}-{\frac {1}{2}}\ln {\left|1+x^{2}\right|}+C}
more integrals: List of integrals of hyperbolic functions
∫
sinh
x
d
x
=
cosh
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \sinh x\,dx=\cosh x+C}
∫
cosh
x
d
x
=
sinh
x
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \cosh x\,dx=\sinh x+C}
∫
tanh
x
d
x
=
ln
|
cosh
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \tanh x\,dx=\ln |\cosh x|+C}
∫
csch
x
d
x
=
ln
|
tanh
x
2
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\mbox{csch}}\,x\,dx=\ln \left|\tanh {x \over 2}\right|+C}
∫
sech
x
d
x
=
arctan
(
sinh
x
)
+
C
{\displaystyle \int {\mbox{sech}}\,x\,dx=\arctan(\sinh x)+C}
∫
coth
x
d
x
=
ln
|
sinh
x
|
+
C
{\displaystyle \int \coth x\,dx=\ln |\sinh x|+C}
تكاملات محددة There are some functions whose antiderivatives cannot be expressed in closed form. However, the values of the definite integrals of some of these functions over some common intervals can be calculated. A few useful definite integrals are given below.
∫
0
∞
x
e
−
x
d
x
=
1
2
π
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\sqrt {x}}\,e^{-x}\,dx}={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi }}}
Gamma function )
∫
0
∞
e
−
x
2
d
x
=
1
2
π
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{e^{-x^{2}}\,dx}={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi }}}
∫
0
∞
x
e
x
−
1
d
x
=
π
2
6
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\frac {x}{e^{x}-1}}\,dx}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}}
Bernoulli number )
∫
0
∞
x
3
e
x
−
1
d
x
=
π
4
15
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{{\frac {x^{3}}{e^{x}-1}}\,dx}={\frac {\pi ^{4}}{15}}}
∫
0
∞
sin
(
x
)
x
d
x
=
π
2
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin(x)}{x}}\,dx={\frac {\pi }{2}}}
∫
0
∞
x
z
−
1
e
−
x
d
x
=
Γ
(
z
)
{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }x^{z-1}\,e^{-x}\,dx=\Gamma (z)}
Γ
(
z
)
{\displaystyle \Gamma (z)}
Gamma function .)
∫
−
∞
∞
e
−
(
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
)
d
x
=
π
a
e
b
2
−
4
a
c
4
a
{\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-(ax^{2}+bx+c)}\,dx={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}-4ac}{4a}}}
![{\displaystyle \int [f(x)+g(x)]\,dx=\int f(x)\,dx+\int g(x)\,dx}](https://www.marefa.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5dc2c6e2acadf432d22ca42bc6a21af25e48e64d)
![{\displaystyle \int f(x)g(x)\,dx=f(x)\int g(x)\,dx-\int \left(d[f(x)]\int g(x)\,dx\right)\,dx}](https://www.marefa.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f2da09fdfdcb12ff1a55cb20340291b01e6832c0)
