إدوار إريو Édouard Herriot

(تم التحويل من Édouard Herriot)
إدوار إريو
Édouard Herriot
Édouard Herriot en 1946.jpg
Herriot in 1946
Prime Minister of France[أ]
في المنصب
3 June 1932 – 18 December 1932
الرئيسAlbert Lebrun
سبقهAndré Tardieu
خلـَفهJoseph Paul-Boncour
في المنصب
20 July 1926 – 23 July 1926
الرئيسGaston Doumergue
سبقهAristide Briand
خلـَفهRaymond Poincaré
في المنصب
15 June 1924 – 17 April 1925
الرئيسGaston Doumergue
سبقهFrédéric François-Marsal
خلـَفهPaul Painlevé
President of the National Assembly
في المنصب
21 January 1947 – 11 January 1954
سبقهVincent Auriol
خلـَفهAndré Le Troquer
President of the Chamber of Deputies
في المنصب
4 June 1936 – 10 July 1940[ب]
سبقهFernand Bouisson
خلـَفهFélix Gouin
(as President of the Provisional Consultative Assembly, 1943)
في المنصب
22 April 1925 – 20 July 1926
سبقهPaul Painlevé
خلـَفهRaoul Péret
Minister of Public Instruction and Beaux-Arts
في المنصب
23 July 1926 – 1 November 1928
الرئيسGaston Doumergue
رئيس الوزراءRaymond Poincaré
سبقهÉdouard Daladier
خلـَفهPierre Marraud
Mayor of Lyon
في المنصب
18 May 1945 – 26 March 1957
سبقهJustin Godart
خلـَفهLouis Pradel
في المنصب
3 November 1905 – 20 September 1940
سبقهVictor Augagneur
خلـَفهGeorges Cohendy
Member of the National Assembly
for Rhône
في المنصب
6 November 1945 – 26 March 1957
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
for Rhône
في المنصب
20 November 1919 – 31 May 1942
Minister of Foreign Affairs
في المنصب
3 June 1932 – 14 December 1932
الرئيسAlbert Lebrun
رئيس الوزراءHimself
سبقهAndré Tardieu
خلـَفهJoseph Paul-Boncour
في المنصب
19 July 1926 – 21 July 1926
الرئيسGaston Doumergue
رئيس الوزراءHimself
سبقهAristide Briand
خلـَفهAristide Briand
في المنصب
14 June 1924 – 10 April 1925
الرئيسGaston Doumergue
رئيس الوزراءHimself
سبقهEdmond Lefebvre du Prey
خلـَفهAristide Briand
Member of the Senate
في المنصب
7 November 1912 – 23 December 1919
سبقهÉdouard Millaud
خلـَفهEugène Ruffier
Minister of Public Works
في المنصب
12 December 1916 – 17 March 1917
الرئيسRaymond Poincaré
رئيس الوزراءAristide Briand
سبقهMarcel Sembat
خلـَفهGeorges Desplas
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
Édouard Marie Herriot

(1872-07-05)5 يوليو 1872
Troyes, France
توفي26 مارس 1957(1957-03-26) (aged 84)
Saint-Genis-Laval, France
المثوىLoyasse Cemetery, Lyon
الحزبRadical Party
الزوجBlanche Rebatel
التعليمLycée Louis-le-Grand
المدرسة الأمÉcole normale supérieure
الوظيفةHistorian
التوقيع

Édouard Marie Herriot (الفرنسية: [edwaʁ ma.ʁi ɛʁjo]; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister (1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the Chamber of Deputies.[1] He led the first Cartel des Gauches. Under the Fourth Republic, he served as President of the National Assembly until 1954. A historian by occupation, Herriot was elected to the Académie Française's eighth seat in 1946.[2] He served as Mayor of Lyon for more than 45 years, from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he saw his movements variously restricted for opposing the Vichy regime.

Life

Herriot was born at Troyes, France on 5 July 1872. As Mayor of Lyon, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme,[3] amongst other measures. He died in Lyon on 26 March 1957.[1] He went through a Deathbed conversion to Catholicism with Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier, and was buried at the Loyasse Cemetery "with church ritual".[4]

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

Changes

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

Denial of Famine in Ukraine

Herriot's denial of the Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33 came after a visit to Ukraine between 26 August and 9 September 1933, shortly after leaving the French Prime Ministership. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".[5]

Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of Pravda was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."[6]

Autochrome by Georges Chevalier, 1923

Political career

Governmental functions

Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.

Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917.

Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928.

Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.

Minister of State : 1934–1936.

Electoral mandates

National Assembly of France

President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954.

Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône : 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956.

Constitutional Assembly

Member of the Constitutional Assembly for Rhône : 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946.

Chamber of Deputies of France

President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940.

Member of the Chamber of Deputies of France for Rhône : 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by Philippe Pétain in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936.

Senate of France

Senator of Rhône : 1912–1919. Elected in 1911.

General council

General councillor of Rhône : 1945–1951.

Municipal Council

Mayor of Lyon : 1905–1940 (Deposition by Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.

Municipal councillor of Lyon : 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.

Political functions

President of the Radical Party : 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.

Legacy

Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin.

His visit to a church in Kyiv, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in A Tomb for Boris Davidovich by Danilo Kiš.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ the term "President of the Council of Ministers of France" was naming of head of government of France in the Third Republic and Fourth Republic periods, naming "Prime Minister of France" is used since Fifth Republic periods, in fact, naming of Prime Minister of France is used in several political regimes era by the foreign press
  2. ^ Parliament suspended.

References

  1. ^ أ ب "Herriot Is Dead. French Leader, 84". The New York Times. March 27, 1957. Retrieved 2015-01-07. Three-Time Premier, Radical Party Power, Was Scholar and Member of Academy. Hoped to Defeat E.D.C. Plan '54. Long Urged Nation Pay War Debts to U.S. Tributes From Leaders National Funeral Urged Widely Known in U.S. Became Premier in 1924. Abstained From Vote. Edouard Herriot, French statesman, party leader, scholar and author who had become a symbol of the premier Third Republic, died today at the age of 84. ...
  2. ^ Édouard HERRIOT, Académie française (in French).
  3. ^ Stone, Judith F. (8 April 1985). The Search for Social Peace: Reform Legislation in France, 1890–1914. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780887060229. Retrieved 8 April 2018 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "At the Bedside". Time. Time Magazine. 1959-11-30. Archived from the original on 2022-12-31. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  5. ^ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, pages 159–160
  6. ^ "France, Germany and Austria facing the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine" (PDF). holodomorct.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

Further reading

  • De Tarr, Francis. The French Radical Party: From Herriot to Mendès-France (Greenwood, 1980).

External links

مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Marcel Sembat 		Minister of Public Works and Transport
1916–1917 		تبعه
Georges Desplas
سبقه
— 		Minister of Supply
1916–1917 		تبعه
Maurice Viollette
سبقه
Frédéric François-Marsal 		Prime Minister of France
1924–1925 		تبعه
Paul Painlevé
سبقه
Edmond Lefebvre du Prey 		Minister of Foreign Affairs
1924–1925 		تبعه
Aristide Briand
سبقه
Paul Painlevé 		President of the Chamber of Deputies
1925–1926 		تبعه
Raoul Péret
سبقه
Aristide Briand 		Prime Minister of France
1926 		تبعه
Raymond Poincaré
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1926 		تبعه
Aristide Briand
سبقه
Édouard Daladier 		Minister of Public Instruction
1926–1928 		تبعه
Pierre Marraud
سبقه
André Tardieu 		Prime Minister of France
1932 		تبعه
Joseph Paul-Boncour
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1932
سبقه
— 		Minister of State
1934–1936 		تبعه
—
سبقه
Fernand Bouisson 		President of the Chamber of Deputies
1936–1940 		تبعه
—
سبقه
Vincent Auriol 		President of the National Assembly
1947–1954 		تبعه
André Le Troquer
منصب حديث President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
1949 		تبعه
Paul-Henri Spaak

قالب:Académie française Seat 8 قالب:Presidents of the National Assembly of France

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