شعبة (تصنيف)
(تم التحويل من Phylum)


الشعبة Phylum مرتبة تصنيفية في علم التصنيف أدنى من المملكة، وأعلى من الطائفة وتنضوي تحتها مرتبتان فرعيتان هما :
و يعتمد التصنيف داخل الشعبة على التنظيم الداخلي للكائن و ليس على الشكل الخارجي.
القوائم
شـُـعـَب الحيوان
| الشعبة | المعنى | المجموعة | السمات المميزة
|
الأنواع موصوفة |
| مشوكات الرأس | Thorny head | Thorny-headed worms | Reversible spiny proboscis | about 750 |
| لاجوفيات الشكل | Without gut | Acoels | No mouth or alimentary canal | |
| الديدان المقسمة Annelida | حلقة صغيرة | Segmented worms | Multiple circular segments | about 15,300 modern |
| مفصليات الأرجل Arthropoda | قدم مفصلية | Arthropods | Chitin exoskeleton | 1,134,000+ |
| ذراعيات الأرجل | ذراع قدم | Lamp shells | Lophophore and pedicle | between 300 and 500 extant |
| مرجانيات | Moss animals | Moss animals, sea mats | Lophophore, no pedicle, ciliated tentacles | about 5,000 living species |
| هلبيات الفك | فك طويل الشعر | ديدان سهمية | Chitinous spines either side of head, fins | about 100 modern species |
| الحبليات | حبل | Chordates | Hollow dorsal nervous chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, post-anal tail | about 100,000+ |
| لاسعات | Coelenterates | Nematocysts (stinging cells) | about 11,000 | |
| مشطيات | Comb bearer | Comb jellies | Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia | about 100 modern species |
| Cycliophora | حامل العجلة | Symbion | Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia | at least 3 |
| Echinodermata | Spiny skin | Echinoderms | Five-fold radial symmetry in living forms, mesodermal calcified spines | about 7,000 extant and 13,000 extinct species |
| شوكية الذيل | عمود فقري ذيل | ديدان ملعقية | Set of hooks at posterior end | about 140 |
| داخليات الشرج | Inside anus | Goblet worm | Anus inside ring of cilia | about 150 |
| شعريات البطن | شعر معدة | Meiofauna | Two terminal adhesive tubes | about 690 |
| ديدان فكية | Jaw orifice | Jaw worms | about 100 | |
| نصف حبليات | Half cord | Acorn worms, pterobranchs | Stomochord in collar, pharyngeal slits | about 100 living species |
| متحركات الخطم | Motion snout | Mud dragons | Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate | about 150 |
| كوسليات | Corset bearer | Brush heads | Umbrella-like scales at each end | about 122 |
| فكيات دقيقة | Tiny jaw animals | — | Accordion like extensible thorax | 1 |
| رخويات | Thin shell | Mollusks / molluscs | Muscular foot and mantle round shell | 112,000[1] |
| دودة أسطوانية | Thread like | Round worms | Round cross section, keratin cuticle | 80 000 – 1 million |
| ديدان شعرية | خيطية الشكل | ديدان شعر الحصان | about 320 | |
| خرطوميات الجوف | A sea nymph | Ribbon worms | about 1200 | |
| حاملات المخالب | Claw bearer | Velvet worms | Legs tipped by chitinous claws | about 200 modern |
| مستقيمات السباحة | Straight swim | Single layer of ciliated cells surrounding a mass of sex cells | about 20 | |
| ديدان حدوية | عشيقة زيوس | Horseshoe worms | U-shaped gut | 20 |
| صفيحيات | Plate animals | 1 | ||
| ديدان مسطحة | ديدان مفلطحة | Flat worms | about 25,000[2] | |
| Porifera | Pore bearer | Sponges | Perforated interior wall | over 5,000 modern |
| قضيبيات | قضيب | ديدان قضيبية | Retractable proboscis surrounded by papillae | 17 |
| رحويات | Lozenge animal | — | Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells | 75 |
| الدوارات | Wheel bearer | Rotifers | Anterior crown of cilia | about 2000 |
| Sipuncula | Small tube | Peanut worms | Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles | 144–320 |
| بطيئات المشية | Slow step | Water bears | Four segmented body and head | 1,000+ |
| ديدان مسطحة غريبة | Strange flatworm | — | Ciliated deuterostome | 2 |
| الإجمالي: 36 | 2,000,000- |
مجموعات سبق أن صنفت كشـُـعـَب
| الاسم كشعبة | الاسم الشائع | الإجماع الحالي |
|---|---|---|
| Aschelminthes | Pseudocoelomates | Divided into several pseudocoelomate phyla. |
| Craniata | — | Subgroup of phylum Chordata; perhaps synonymous with Vertebrata. |
| Cephalochordata | Lancelets | Subphylum of phylum Chordata. |
| Cephalorhyncha | — | Superphylum Scalidophora. |
| Enterepneusta | Acorn worms | Class of phylum نصف حبليات. |
| Gephyra | Peanut worms and spoon worms | Divided into phyla Sipuncula and شوكية الذيل. |
| وسيطات الدهر | Mesozoans | Divided into phyla مستقيمات السباحة و رحويات. |
| Myxozoa | — | Severely modified Cnidarians. |
| Pentastomida | Tongue worms | Subclass of Maxillopoda of phylum Arthropoda. |
| Pogonophora | Beard worms | Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida. |
| Pterobranchia | — | Class of phylum نصف حبليات. |
| Symplasma | Glass sponges | Class Hexactinellida of phylum Porifera. |
| Urochordata | Tunicates | Subphylum of phylum Chordata. |
| Vestimentifera | Vent worms | Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida. |
Plant divisions
| Division | Meaning | Common name | Distinguishing characteristics |
| عشبة القرن | Flower-horn plants | Hornworts | Horn-shaped sporophytes, no vascular system |
| Bryophyta | Moss plants | Mosses | Persistent unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system |
| Marchantiophyta | Marchantia plants | Liverworts | Ephemeral unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system |
| Lycopodiophyta | Wolf foot plants | Clubmosses & Spikemosses | Microphyll leaves, vascular system |
| سراخس | Fern plants | Ferns & Horsetails | Prothallus gametophytes, vascular system |
| Pteridospermatophyta | Fern with seeds plant | Seed ferns | Only known from fossils, mostly Devonian, ranking in dispute[3] |
| مخروطيات | Sap/pitch plants | Conifers | Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids |
| السيكاسية | Palm plants | Cycads | Seeds, crown of compound leaves |
| جنكو | Ginkgo plants | Ginkgo, Maidenhair | Seeds not protected by fruit (single species) |
| شعبة الجنتويات | Gnetophytes | Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels | |
| Anthophyta (or Magnoliophyta) | Flower plant | Flowering plants | Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels |
الأقسام الفطرية
| الشعبة | المعنى | الاسم الشائع | السمات المميزة |
| Chytridiomycota | Little pot mushroom | Chytrids | Cellulose in cell walls, flagellated gametes |
| Deuteromycota | Second mushroom | Imperfect fungi | Only reproduce asexually |
| Zygomycota | Yoke mushroom | Zygomycetes | Blend gametangia to form a zygosporangium |
| Glomeromycota | Ball mushroom | None | Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants |
| Ascomycota | Bag/Wineskin Mushroom | Sac fungi | Produce spores in an 'ascus' |
| فطريات بازيدية | Basidium Mushroom | Club Fungi | Produce spores from a 'basidium' |
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
المصادر
- ^ Feldkamp, S. (2002) Modern Biology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, USA. (pp. 725)
- ^ Species Register. "Flatworms — Phylum Platyhelminthes". Marine Discovery Centres. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ ""Kingdon Plantae Tree of Life"".
وصلات خارجية
- Are phyla "real"? Is there really a well-defined "number of animal phyla" extant and in the fossil record?
- Major Phyla Of Animals
- American Heritage Dictionary: New Latin phylum, from Greek phūlon, class.
- Online Etymological Dictionary: from Gk. phylon "race, stock," related to phyle "tribe, clan," and phylein "bring forth" of physikos "pertaining to nature," from physis "nature"
Look up Phylum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
