قائمة الكويكبات القريبة من الأرض
This is a list of examples where an asteroid or meteoroid travels close to the Earth. Some of these objects are regarded as potentially hazardous objects if they are estimated to be large enough to cause regional devastation. This list also gives an overview of more detailed lists dedicated to specific years, such as List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2025.
Near-Earth object detection technology began to improve around 1998, so objects being detected as of 2004 could have been missed only a decade earlier due to a lack of dedicated near-Earth astronomical surveys. As sky surveys improve, smaller and smaller asteroids are regularly being discovered. As smaller asteroids are more numerous, ever more close approaches are detected within a given distance. In 2014, scientists estimated that several dozen asteroids in the 6–12 m (20–39 ft) size range fly by Earth at a distance closer than the Moon every year, but only a fraction of these are actually detected.[1]
Definitions
The lists below are based on the close approach database of the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), in its state اعتبارا من 27 فبراير 2025[تحديث].[2] The database lists any approaches with a minimum distance less than 0.2 astronomical units (AU) from 1900 and until a century into the future which have been derived by orbit calculations. This includes some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the object has been observed.
The distance calculated for an approach has an uncertainty, the magnitude of which depends on the amount, length in time and quality of observations used, the extrapolation time from the observations, and perturbations by other objects along the predicted orbit. The uncertainty is usually characterised by the 3-sigma uncertainty region, which is the nominal close approach distance plus or minus three times the standard deviation, and includes 99.7% of the probability distribution. For predicted close approaches in the future, if Earth is near the uncertainty region or intersects it, an impact risk is calculated.[3] Confirmed impacts, however, aren't considered close approaches and are excluded from the CNEOS close approach database. Asteroids whose detection in space led to predicted impacts on Earth are listed separately,[4] as are the hundreds of other objects that collided with Earth's atmosphere which were not discovered in advance but were observed visually or recorded by sensors designed to detect detonation of nuclear devices.[5] The CNEOS list also does not include Earth-grazers, objects that enter Earth's atmosphere at a very shallow angle and leave it again without burning up completely, but they are listed separately below. Although Earth's atmosphere thins out continuously with distance from Earth's surface, the nominal limit of space is the Kármán line, which is 100 km (62 mi) above sea level.
Timeline of closest approaches ever observed
The list below shows all approaches by potentially hazardous objects (objects which can approach Earth within 0.05 AU) without atmospheric contact which have been the closest ever observed at some point in time, from the discovery of the first such object to the record holder, اعتبارا من ديسمبر 2025[تحديث].
| Date of closest approach |
Nominal geocentric distance |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 1932-05-15 | 11,220,000 | 29.189 | 0.075003 | 1862 Apollo | 1500 | 16.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1936-02-07 | 2,217,500 | 5.769 | 0.014823 | 2101 Adonis | 600 | 18.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1937-10-30 | 740,600 | 1.927 | 0.004951 | 69230 Hermes | 770–1700 810[6] |
17.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1989-03-22 | 684,000 | 1.779 | 0.004572 | 4581 Asclepius | 190–420 | 20.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 384,399 | 1.000 | 0.002570 | average distance to the Moon | ||||
| 1991-01-18 | 149,200 | 0.438 | 0.001124 | 1991 BA | 5.1–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1993-05-20 | 149,200 | 0.438 | 0.001124 | 1993 KA2 | 4.2–9.4 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1994-12-09 | 105,300 | 0.388 | 0.000997 | 1994 XM1 | 6.1–14 | 28.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2003-09-27 | 84,200 | 0.274 | 0.000704 | 2003 SQ222 | 2.5–5.7 | 30.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2004-03-18 | 49,100 | 0.219 | 0.000563 | 2004 FK | 14–31 | 26.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 42,164 | 0.110 | 0.0002827 | geosynchronous orbit | ||||
| 2004-03-31 | 12,900 | 0.0336 | 0.0000863 | 2004 FU162 | 3.4–7.6 | 29.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2008-10-09 | 12,540 | 0.0329 | 0.0000845 | 2008 TS26 | 0.61–1.4 | 33.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2011-02-04 | 11,852 | 0.0308 | 0.0000792 | 2011 CQ1 | 1.0–2.3 | 32.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2020-08-16 | 9,317 | 0.0242 | 0.0000623 | 2020 QG | 2.8–6.2 | 29.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2020-11-13 | 6,746 | 0.0175 | 0.0000451 | 2020 VT4 | 5.0–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2025-10-30 | 6,599 | 0.0172 | 0.0000441 | 2025 UC11 | 0.41–0.93 | 34.06 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 6,478 | 0.01685 | 0.0000433 | Kármán line (nominal limit of the atmosphere) above the equator | ||||
| 6,378 | 0.01659 | 0.0000426 | equatorial radius of the Earth | ||||
Close approaches within one lunar distance
The average distance to the Moon (or lunar distance (LD)) is 384،399 km (238،854 mi), which is around 30 times the diameter of the Earth.[7] The lists in this section are of close approaches in less than one LD.
Time of discovery
The bar graphs below show the time of discovery relative to the time of the closest approach for each year. The asteroids are listed in separate list articles for each year. The statistics below only include close approaches that are evidenced by observations, thus the pre-discovery close approaches are only included if the object was found by precovery.
| Year(s) | Approaches | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-2007 | قالب:Stacked bar | 53
|
| 2008 | قالب:Stacked bar | 20
|
| 2009 | قالب:Stacked bar | 19
|
| 2010 | قالب:Stacked bar | 23
|
| 2011 | قالب:Stacked bar | 32
|
| 2012 | قالب:Stacked bar | 23
|
| 2013 | قالب:Stacked bar | 24
|
| 2014 | قالب:Stacked bar | 31
|
| 2015 | قالب:Stacked bar | 27
|
| 2016 | قالب:Stacked bar | 52
|
| 2017 | قالب:Stacked bar | 55
|
| 2018 | قالب:Stacked bar | 77
|
| 2019 | قالب:Stacked bar | 81
|
| 2020 | قالب:Stacked bar | 112
|
| 2021 | قالب:Stacked bar | 158
|
| 2022 | قالب:Stacked bar | 143
|
| 2023 | قالب:Stacked bar | 115
|
| 2024 | قالب:Stacked bar | 145
|
| 2025 | قالب:Stacked bar | 29
|
| Discovered > 1 year in advance Discovered > 7 weeks in advance Discovered > 1 week in advance Discovered up to 1 week in advance < 24 hours' warning < no warning | ||
Closest per year
From the annual lists summarized in the preceding section, these are the closest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one lunar distance. More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its geocentric distance[note 1]
The CNEOS database of close approaches lists some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the discovery of the object, derived by orbit calculation. Until 2001 and in future years, all of these close approaches are included in the list below, but from the start of regular discoveries each year in 2001 until the current year, the list is limited to close approaches that are evidenced by observations, thus any of these pre-discovery close approaches are only included if the object was found by precovery.
Rows highlighted red indicate objects which were not discovered until after closest approach
Rows highlighted yellow indicate objects discovered less than 24 hours before closest approach
Rows left white indicate objects discovered 1–7 days before closest approach
Rows highlighted green indicate objects discovered more than one week before closest approach
Rows highlighted blue indicate objects discovered more than one year before closest approach, i.e. objects successfully cataloged on a previous orbit, rather than being detected during final approach.
| Year | Date of closest approach |
Date discovered |
Object | Nominal geocentric distance (in 000's km) |
Nominal geocentric distance (in LD) |
Size of object (in meters) |
(H) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2095 | 2095-09-06 | 2010-09-05 | 2010 RF12 | 51.9 | 0.135 | 5.5–12 | 28.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2032 | 2032-08-14 | 2008-02-18 | 2008 DB | 127.4 | 0.332 | 18–41 | 25.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2029 | 2029-04-13 | 2004-06-19 | 99942 Apophis | 38.0 | 0.096 | 340 ±40 | 19.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2028 | 2028-06-26 | 2001-11-20 | (153814) 2001 WN5 | 248.7 | 0.647 | 932 ±11 | 18.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2025 | 2025-10-30 | 2025-10-30 | 2025 UC11 | 6.6 | 0.017 | 0.41–0.93 | 34.06 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2024 | 2024-12-01 | 2024-12-01 | 2024 XA | 7.7 | 0.020 | 1.2–2.8 | 31.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2023 | 2023-01-27 | 2023-01-21 | 2023 BU | 10.0 | 0.026 | 3.1–6.9 | 29.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2022 | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-24 | 2022 FD1 | 14.8 | 0.039 | 1.6–3.7 | 31.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2021 | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | 2021 UA1 | 9.4 | 0.025 | 1.1–2.5 | 31.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2020 | 2020-11-13 | 2020-11-14 | 2020 VT4 | 6.7 | 0.018 | 5.0–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2019 | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | 2019 UN13 | 12.6 | 0.033 | 1.1–2.4 | 32.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2018 | 2018-10-19 | 2018-10-19 | 2018 UA | 13.7 | 0.036 | 2.4–5.4 | 30.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2017 | 2017-04-04 | 2017-04-03 | 2017 GM | 16.3 | 0.042 | 2.8–6.2 | 29.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2016 | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-26 | 2016 DY30 | 14.3 | 0.037 | 2.1–4.7 | 30.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2015 | 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-24 | 2015 SK7 | 26.6 | 0.069 | 4.4–9.9 | 28.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2014 | 2014-06-03 | 2014-06-02 | 2014 LY21 | 20.0 | 0.052 | 4.0–9.0 | 29.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2013 | 2013-12-23 | 2013-12-23 | 2013 YB | 27.3 | 0.071 | 1.4–3.1 | 31.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2013-02-15 | 2012-02-23 | 367943 Duende* | 34.1 | 0.089 | 39–86 | 24.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD | |
| 2012 | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-28 | 2012 KT42 | 20.8 | 0.054 | 4.2–9.4 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2011 | 2011-02-04 | 2011-02-04 | 2011 CQ1[8] | 11.9 | 0.031 | 1.0–2.3 | 32.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2010 | 2010-11-17 | 2010-11-16 | 2010 WA | 38.9 | 0.101 | 2.7–5.9 | 30.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2009 | 2009-11-06 | 2009-11-06 | 2009 VA | 20.5 | 0.053 | 5.1–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2008 | 2008-10-09 | 2008-10-09 | 2008 TS26 | 12.6 | 0.033 | 0.6-1.4 | 33.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2007 | 2007-10-17 | 2007-10-21 | 2007 UN12 | 69.7 | 0.181 | 4.8–11 | 28.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2006 | 2006-02-23 | 2006-02-22 | 2006 DD1 | 117.5 | 0.306 | 13–30 | 26.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2005 | 2005-11-26 | 2005-11-25 | 2005 WN3 | 83.8 | 0.218 | 2.8–6.2 | 29.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2004 | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | 2004 FU162 | 12.9 | 0.034 | 3.4–7.6 | 29.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2003 | 2003-09-27 | 2003-09-28 | 2003 SQ222 | 84.2 | 0.22 | 2.5–5.7 | 30.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2002 | 2002-12-11 | 2002-12-13 | 2002 XV90 | 117.7 | 0.31 | 23–52 | 25.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2001 | 2001-11-08 (undetected) |
2017 | 2017 VW13 | 120.2 | 0.31 | 200–440 | 20.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2001-01-15 | 2001-01-19 | 2001 BA16 | 306.2 | 0.80 | 17–38 | 26.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD | |
| 1999 | 1999-03-12 (undetected) |
2013 | 2013 EC20 | 313.3 | 0.82 | 4.2–9.4 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1994 | 1994-12-09 | 1994-12-09 | 1994 XM1 | 105.3 | 0.27 | 6.1–14 | 28.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1993 | 1993-05-20 | 1993-05-21 | 1993 KA2 | 149.2 | 0.39 | 4.2–9.4 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1992 | 1992-09-12 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 RC42 | 62.6 | 0.16 | 0.89–2.0 | 32.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1991 | 1991-01-18 | 1991-01-18 | 1991 BA | 168.2 | 0.44 | 5.1–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1990 | 1990-09-19 (undetected) |
2003 | 2003 SW130 | 205.9 | 0.54 | 4.0–9.0 | 29.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1988 | 1988-10-15 (undetected) |
2010 | 2010 UK | 367.3 | 0.96 | 12–26 | 26.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1987 | 1987-08-25 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 RV30 | 384.3 | 1.00 | 9.0–20 | 27.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1985 | 1985-11-01 (undetected) |
2019 | 2019 VC37 | 253.7 | 0.66 | 3.1–6.9 | 29.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1984 | 1984-01-10 (undetected) |
2016 | 2016 TB57 | 294.8 | 0.77 | 16–36 | 26.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1982 | 1982-11-04 (undetected) |
2012 | 2012 TY52 | 314.3 | 0.82 | 150–330 | 21.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1980 | 1980-10-15 (undetected) |
2018 | 2018 RY1 | 173.3 | 0.45 | 32–71 | 24.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1979 | 1979-09-02 (undetected) |
2014 | 2014 WX202 | 334.6 | 0.87 | 3.2–7.1 | 29.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1977 | 1977-09-05 (undetected) |
2022 | 2022 QX4 | 128.7 | 0.33 | 31–68 | 24.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1976 | 1976-10-17 (undetected) |
2013 | 2013 UG1 | 328.2 | 0.85 | 81–180 | 22.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1975 | 1975-07-01 (undetected) |
2021 | 2021 LD6 | 117.9 | 0.31 | 9.7–22 | 27.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1972 | 1972-03-17 (undetected) |
2021 | 2021 RP2 | 91.7 | 0.24 | 2.3–5.2 | 30.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1971 | 1971-03-19 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 EN | 135.5 | 0.35 | 34–77 | 24.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1970 | 1970-02-26 (undetected) |
2019 | 2019 DS1 | 361.3 | 0.94 | 20–45 | 25.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1968 | 1968-04-23 (undetected) |
2008 | 2008 GD110 | 91.7 | 0.24 | 33–75 | 24.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1965 | 1965-10-27 (undetected) |
2005 | 2005 VL1 | 340.9 | 0.89 | 14–30 | 26.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1964 | 1964-11-07 (undetected) |
2023 | 2023 VW | 253.6 | 0.66 | 6.7–15 | 28.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1961 | 1961-05-31 (undetected) |
2022 | 2022 KW4 | 353.4 | 0.92 | 6.1–14 | 28.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1960 | 1960-10-24 (undetected) |
2004 | 2004 UH1 | 184.1 | 0.48 | 6.4–14 | 28.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1959 | 1959-01-27 (undetected) |
2012 | 2012 BX34 | 204.2 | 0.53 | 8.0–18 | 27.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1958 | 1958-10-29 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 UO5 | 182.8 | 0.48 | 3.5–7.9 | 29.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1957 | 1957-12-10 (undetected) |
2010 | 2010 XW58 | 60.8 | 0.16 | 28–62 | 24.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1955 | 1955-06-19 (undetected) |
2015 | 2015 LR21 | 226.7 | 0.59 | 13–28 | 26.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1954 | 1954-03-13 (undetected) |
2013 | 2013 RZ53 | 103.5 | 0.27 | 1.6–3.6 | 31.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1953 | 1953-04-10 (undetected) |
2019 | 2019 GK21 | 202.6 | 0.53 | 19–43 | 31.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1952 | 1952-10-23 (undetected) |
2009 | 2009 UU1 | 260.1 | 0.68 | 31–68 | 31.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1949 | 1949-01-01 (undetected) |
2003 | 2003 YS70 | 258.6 | 0.67 | 4.0–9.0 | 29.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1948 | 1948-01-24 (undetected) |
2017 | 2017 BX | 378.8 | 0.99 | 6.7–15 | 28.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1944 | 1944-08-12 (undetected) |
2022 | 2022 BY39 | 227.7 | 0.59 | 2.7–6.1 | 29.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1942 | 1942-09-11 (undetected) |
2023 | 2023 FY3 | 330.3 | 0.86 | 4.2–9.3 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1941 | 1941-01-10 (undetected) |
2014 | 2014 AW32 | 141.3 | 0.37 | 8.4–19 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1940 | 1940-09-16 (undetected) |
2007 | 2007 RJ1 | 251.1 | 0.65 | 24–54 | 25.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1938 | 1938-11-14 (undetected) |
2023 | 2023 VV1 | 82.2 | 0.27 | 4.3–9.7 | 28.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1936 | 1936-01-06 (undetected) |
2010 | 2010 VB1 | 212.6 | 0.55 | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1935 | 1935-03-08 (undetected) |
2015 | 2015 DD54 | 184.1 | 0.48 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1933 | 1933-10-22 (undetected) |
2015 | 2015 UM52 | 253.2 | 0.66 | 7.3–16 | 27.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1931 | 1931-10-01 (undetected) |
2022 | 2022 SU7 | 334.3 | 0.87 | 5.8–13 | 28.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1928 | 1928-03-20 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 HC | 179.6 | 0.47 | 8.6–19 | 27.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1926 | 1926-02-06 (undetected) |
2023 | 2023 CN1 | 149.6 | 0.39 | 15–34 | 26.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1925 | 1925-03-29 (undetected) |
2002 | (163132) 2002 CU11 | 39.3 | 0.10 | 460 ±17 | 18.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1923 | 1923-06-26 (undetected) |
2021 | 2021 MK1 | 368.9 | 0.96 | 140–320 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1922 | 1922-06-07 (undetected) |
2017 | 2017 LD | 51.8 | 0.13 | 8.4–19 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1920 | 1920-06-21 (undetected) |
2023 | 2023 VC7 | 271.0 | 0.71 | 18–40 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1919 | 1919-04-02 (undetected) |
2024 | 2024 FQ5 | 112.2 | 0.29 | 1.7–3.8 | 31.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1918 | 1918-09-17 (undetected) |
2011 | (458732) 2011 MD5 | 350.0 | 0.91 | 730–1600 | 17.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1914 | 1914-12-31 (undetected) |
1998 | (152680) 1998 KJ9 | 233.2 | 0.61 | 330–740 | 19.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1910 | 1910-05-09 (undetected) |
2007 | 2007 JB21 | 174.9 | 0.45 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
*367943 Duende is listed for 2013 although it was only the second-closest that year for notability: it is the largest asteroid that was observed while it approached within the radius of the geostationary orbit, it was also predicted nearly a year in advance, and coincidentally approached just a few hours after the unrelated Chelyabinsk meteor, which was unpredicted, but injured thousands of people when it impacted.
Largest per year
From the lists in the first section, these are the largest known asteroids per year that approach Earth within one LD. (More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its size is 100 m [330 ft] or more.) For comparison, the 1908 Tunguska event was caused by an object about 60–190 m (200–620 ft) in size, while the 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor, which injured thousands of people and damaged buildings when it generated a large airburst over Russia, was estimated to be just 20 m (66 ft) across.
The CNEOS database of close approaches lists some close approaches a full orbit or more before or after the discovery of the object, derived by orbit calculation. For years when the largest of the objects that had an undetected close approach within 1 LD was larger than the largest of the objects that were detected in real time or in precovery, both objects are listed. If there were only undetected close approaches in a year, only objects larger than 25 m [82 ft] (or H ≤ 25.75) are shown.
| Year | Date of closest approach |
Object | Nominal geocentric distance (in 000s km) |
Nominal geocentric distance (in LD) |
Est. size (in m) |
(H) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2029 | 2029-04-13 | 99942 Apophis | 38.0 | 0.099 | 300–380 | 19.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2028 | 2028-06-26 | (153814) 2001 WN5 | 248.7 | 0.647 | 921–943 | 18.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2025 | 2025-02-04 | 2025 BB2 | 291.5 | 0.758 | 20–44 | 25.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2024 | 2024-06-29 | 2024 MK | 295.4 | 0.769 | 100–230 | 22.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2023 | 2023-03-25 | 2023 DZ2 | 174.6 | 0.454 | 37–83 | 24.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2022 | 2022-07-10 | 2022 NR | 384.0 | 0.999 | 18–40 | 25.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2021 | 2021-09-16 | 2021 SG | 245.0 | 0.637 | 42–94 | 24.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2020 | 2020-07-25 | 2020 LD | 306.4 | 0.797 | 89–200 | 22.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2019 | 2019-07-25 | 2019 OK | 71.4 | 0.191 | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2018 | 2018-01-03 | 2018 AH | 297.0 | 0.772 | 77–170 | 22.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2017 | 2017-07-21 | 2017 QP1 | 62.6 | 0.163 | 37–83 | 24.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2016 | 2016-03-21 | 2016 QA2 | 86.6 | 0.225 | 25–57 | 25.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2015 | 2015-01-18 | 2015 KW121 | 285.8 | 0.743 | 16–36 | 26.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2014 | 2014-03-30 | 2014 GY44 | 167.7 | 0.436 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2013 | 2013-01-15 | 367943 Duende | 34.1 | 0.089 | 39–86 | 24.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2012 | 2012-04-01 | 2012 EG5 | 230.4 | 0.599 | 37–82 | 24.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2011 | 2011-11-08 | (308635) 2005 YU55 | 324.9 | 0.845 | 400 | 21.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2010 | 2010-11-02 | 2010 UJ7 | 286.4 | 0.745 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2009 | 2009-03-02 | 2009 DD45 | 72.2 | 0.188 | 18–41 | 25.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2008 | 2008-02-15 | 2008 CK70 | 371.2 | 0.97 | 28–62 | 24.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2007 | 2007-01-18 | 2007 BD | 324.1 | 0.84 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2006 | 2006-02-23 | 2006 DD1 | 117.5 | 0.31 | 13–30 | 26.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2005 | 2005-12-05 | 2005 XA8 | 217.2 | 0.57 | 19–43 | 25.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2004 | 2001-04-18 (undetected) |
2023 DZ2 | 120.2 | 0.31 | 37–83 | 24.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2004-03-18 | 2004 FY15 | 238.7 | 0.62 | 16–36 | 26.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD | |
| 2003 | 2003-12-06 | 2003 XJ7 | 148.2 | 0.39 | 14–31 | 26.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2002 | 2002-06-14 | 2002 MN | 120.0 | 0.31 | 48–110 | 23.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2001 | 2001-11-08 (undetected) |
2017 VW13 | 120.2 | 0.31 | 200–440 | 20.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 2001-01-15 | 2001 BA16 | 306.2 | 0.80 | 17–38 | 26.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD | |
| 1994 | 1994-12-09 | 1994 XM1 | 105.3 | 0.27 | 6.1–14 | 28.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1993 | 1993-05-20 | 1993 KA2 | 149.2 | 0.39 | 4.2–9.4 | 29.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1991 | 1991-04-08 (undetected) |
2012 UE34 | 329.7 | 0.86 | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1991-01-18 | 1991 BA | 168.2 | 0.44 | 5.1–11 | 28.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD | |
| 1982 | 1982-11-04 (undetected) |
2012 TY52 | 314.3 | 0.82 | 150-330 | 21.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1980 | 1980-10-15 (undetected) |
2018 RY1 | 173.3 | 0.45 | 32-71 | 24.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1977 | 1977-09-05 (undetected) |
2022 QX4 | 128.7 | 0.33 | 31–68 | 24.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1976 | 1976-10-17 (undetected) |
2013 UG1 | 328.1 | 0.85 | 81–180 | 22.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1971 | 1971-04-11 (undetected) |
(612358) 2002 JE9 | 263.6 | 0.69 | 140–310 | 21.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1970 | 1970-02-26 (undetected) |
2019 DS1 | 361.3 | 0.94 | 20–45 | 25.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1968 | 1968-04-23 (undetected) |
2008 GD110 | 91.7 | 0.24 | 33–75 | 24.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1957 | 1957-02-02 (undetected) |
2019 CD2 | 75.3 | 0.20 | 260–590 | 20.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1953 | 1953-04-10 (undetected) |
2019 GK21 | 202.6 | 0.53 | 19–43 | 25.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1952 | 1952-10-23 (undetected) |
2009 UU1 | 260.1 | 0.68 | 31–68 | 24.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1940 | 1940-09-16 (undetected) |
2007 RJ1 | 251.1 | 0.65 | 24–54 | 25.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1936 | 1936-01-06 (undetected) |
2010 VB1 | 212.6 | 0.55 | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1935 | 1935-03-08 (undetected) |
2015 DD54 | 184.1 | 0.48 | 22–49 | 25.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1925 | 1925-08-30 (undetected) |
(163132) 2002 CU11 | 347.0 | 0.90 | 443–467 | 18.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1923 | 1923-06-26 (undetected) |
2021 MK1 | 368.9 | 0.96 | 140–320 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1920 | 1920-06-21 (undetected) |
2023 VC7 | 271.0 | 0.71 | 18–40 | 27.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1918 | 1918-09-17 (undetected) |
(458732) 2011 MD5 | 350.0 | 0.91 | 730–1600 | 17.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1914 | 1914-12-31 (undetected) |
(152680) 1998 KJ9 | 233.2 | 0.61 | 279–900 | 19.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
The year 2011 was notable as two asteroids with size 100 m (330 ft) or more approached within one lunar distance.
Extremes in relative speed
The average near-Earth asteroid, such as 2019 VF5, passes Earth at 18 km/s. The average short-period comet passes Earth at 30 km/s, and the average long-period comet passes Earth at 53 km/s.[9] A retrograde parabolic Oort cloud comet (e=1, i=180°) could pass Earth at 72 km/s when 1 AU from the Sun.
| Date of closest approach |
Object | Earth distance (LD) |
Sun distance (AU) |
Velocity wrt Earth (km/s) |
Velocity wrt Sun (km/s) |
Approx. size (m) |
(H) (abs. mag.) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-01-23 | 2025 BP4 | 0.83 | 0.984 | 22.1 | 36.5 | 3.7–8.3 | 29.3 | JPL Horizons |
| 2024-02-11 | 2024 CH4 | 0.28 | 0.987 | 24.0 | 34.3 | 7.7–17 | 27.7 | JPL Horizons |
| 2023-10-20 | 2023 TK15 | 0.99 | 0.996 | 21.9 | 33.7 | 18–39 | 25.9 | JPL Horizons |
| 2022-12-23 | 2022 YW6 | 0.55 | 0.983 | 29.8 | 38.1 | 4.8–11 | 28.7 | JPL Horizons |
| 2021-10-27 | 2021 UA7 | 0.33 | 0.994 | 27.7 | 37.0 | 4.7–11 | 28.8 | JPL Horizons |
| 2020-03-14 | 2020 FD2 | 0.85 | 0.995 | 33.4 | 38.6 | 19–43 | 25.7 | JPL Horizons |
| 2019-03-28 | 2019 FC1 | 0.27 | 0.998 | 25.9 | 37.1 | 20–45 | 25.6 | JPL Horizons |
| 2018-04-15 | 2018 GE3 | 0.50 | 1.003 | 29.6 | 35.9 | 46–100 | 23.8 | JPL Horizons |
| 2017-08-14 | 2017 QP1 | 0.16 | 1.013 | 24.0 | 33.4 | 37–83 | 24.3 | JPL Horizons |
| 2016-03-08 | 2016 EV28 | 0.40 | 0.993 | 25.6 | 36.6 | 5.4–12 | 28.5 | JPL Horizons |
| 2015-03-12 | 2015 EO6 | 0.29 | 0.994 | 23.8 | 37.5 | 2.4–5.4 | 30.2 | JPL Horizons |
The slowest passing speeds during close approaches are dominated by the perigees of asteroids captured by Earth as temporary satellites. This list includes close approaches that weren't observed, but the orbit was calculated with high precision.
| Date of closest approach |
Object | Earth distance (LD) |
Sun distance (AU) |
Velocity wrt Earth (km/s) |
Velocity wrt Sun (km/s) |
Approx. size (m) |
(H) (abs. mag.) |
Notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-03-25 | 2006 RH120 | 0.92 | 0.997 | 1.37 | 31.1 | 3.3–7.5 | 29.5 | temporary satellite perigee | JPL Horizons |
| 2018-10-26 | 2020 CD3 | 0.84 | 0.994 | 1.45 | 31.3 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2019-09-10 | 2020 CD3 | 0.79 | 1.007 | 1.47 | 28.2 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2018-08-09 | 2020 CD3 | 0.79 | 1.013 | 1.48 | 30.7 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2019-11-18 | 2020 CD3 | 0.75 | 0.989 | 1.54 | 29.8 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2019-06-30 | 2020 CD3 | 0.72 | 1.018 | 1.56 | 28.1 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2007-06-14 | 2006 RH120 | 0.72 | 1.015 | 1.57 | 30.3 | 3.3–7.5 | 29.5 | temporary satellite perigee | JPL Horizons |
| 2014-12-07 | 2014 WX202 | 0.98 | 0.985 | 1.67 | 30.6 | 3.2–7.1 | 29.6 | JPL Horizons | |
| 2017-12-06 | 2020 CD3 | 0.65 | 0.986 | 1.67 | 28.7 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2018-02-19 | 2020 CD3 | 0.58 | 0.989 | 1.77 | 29.5 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 1979-09-02 | 2014 WX202 | 0.87 | 1.008 | 1.79 | 29.4 | 3.2–7.1 | 29.6 | undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2020-05-09 | 2021 GM1 | 0.71 | 1.009 | 1.81 | 30.5 | 2.2–4.9 | 30.4 | precovery | JPL Horizons |
| 2017-09-18 | 2020 CD3 | 0.52 | 1.000 | 1.89 | 27.9 | 1.2–2.7 | 31.7 | temporary satellite perigee; undetected | JPL Horizons |
| 2011-06-02 | 2009 BD | 0.90 | 1.015 | 1.91 | 30.1 | 6.4–14 | 28.1 | JPL Horizons |
Closest approaches by size
Below are lists of the closest approaches in different size ranges, the limits of which correspond to with size limits commonly considered in impact hazard scenarios. The list includes close approaches an orbital period or more before or after the closest observations in time which were derived by orbit calculation.
The diameter of most asteroids has not been measured directly, and can only be estimated from their brightness and assumed surface reflectivity or albedo. While the measured albedo of asteroids can be as low as 6% and as high as 20%, the default estimated size for asteroids in the CNEOS databases is calculated for an albedo of 14%, which is also used for the size range limits below.[10] For objects with uncertain albedo, the CNEOS close approach database provides a possible size range, which is shown in all the lists on this page. In case other, more precise size estimates are available from other sources, the tables below show those, too, but asteroids are sorted according to the size resp. absolute magnitude in the CNEOS database.
Closest with an estimated diameter under 7 m (H > 28.5)
If an asteroid less than 7 متر (23 ft) across (with an absolute magnitude greater than 28.5) impacts the Earth, it will produce spectacular but mostly harmless fireballs and meteorite falls. All of the asteroids that were destroyed in predicted impacts on Earth up to 2024 were in this size range.[4] The list below shows all close approaches within 10،000 km (6،214 mi) from the centre of the Earth (or about 3،600 km (2،200 mi) above its surface).
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 6,600 | 0.0172 | 0.0000441 | 2025-10-30 | 2025 UC11 | 0.41–0.93 | 34.06 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 7,726 | 0.0201 | 0.0000516 | 2024-12-01 | 2024 XA | 1.2–2.8 | 31.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 8,098 | 0.0211 | 0.0000541 | 2024-06-06 | 2024 LH1 | 1.8–4.1 | 30.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 8,850 | 0.0230 | 0.0000592 | 2024-10-30 | 2024 UG9 | 0.80–1.8 | 32.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 9,317 | 0.0242 | 0.0000623 | 2020-08-16 | 2020 QG | 2.8–6.2 | 29.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 9,427 | 0.0245 | 0.0000630 | 2021-10-25 | 2021 UA1 | 1.1–2.5 | 31.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 9,712 | 0.0253 | 0.0000649 | 2025-01-26 | 2025 BP6 | 1.1–2.6 | 31.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 9,967 | 0.0259 | 0.0000666 | 2023-01-27 | 2023 BU | 3.1–6.9 | 29.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Closest with an estimated diameter between 7 m and 20 m (28.5 ≥ H > 26.25)
If an asteroid at the bottom of this size range, one 7 متر (23 ft) across (with an absolute magnitude greater than 28.5), has average asteroid density and impacts the Earth at average meteor speed, its impact energy is about 15 kilotons TNT equivalent, or roughly equivalent to the blast energy of the Hiroshima bomb.[11] The list below shows all close approaches of objects in the range between 7 and 20 metres across within the radius of the geostationary orbit or 42،164 km (26،199 mi) from the centre of the Earth.
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 18,651 | 0.0485 | 0.000125 | 2011-06-27 | 2011 MD | 6.7–15 | 28.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 27,380 | 0.0712 | 0.000183 | 2023-11-17 | 2023 WA | 5.3–12 | 28.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 29,336 | 0.0763 | 0.000196 | 2024-12-06 | 2024 XA6 | 13–30 | 26.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 29,870 | 0.0777 | 0.000200 | 2024-10-10 | 2024 TH11 | 9.3–21 | 27.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 32,770 | 0.0852 | 0.000219 | 2023-11-07 | 2023 VB2 | 6.3–13 | 28.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 33,490 | 0.0871 | 0.000224 | 2018-08-10 | 2018 PD20 | 8.8–20 | 27.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 37,870 | 0.0985 | 0.000253 | 2019-09-05 | 2019 RP1 | 7.0–16 | 27.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 39,908 | 0.1038 | 0.000267 | 2014-09-07 | 2014 RC | 11–25 | 26.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 40,483 | 0.1053 | 0.000271 | 2016-09-07 | 2016 RB1 | 5.8–13 | 28.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Closest with an estimated diameter between 20 m and 50 m (26.25 ≥ H > 24.25)
The bottom of this size range, 20 m (66 ft) corresponds to the average size of an asteroid with the smallest impact energy (1 megaton) considered for impact hazard ratings on the Torino scale.[12] 20 m (66 ft) is also about the size of the Chelyabinsk meteor, which produced a meteor ending in an airburst briefly brighter than the Sun that injured over a thousand people and damaged thousands of buildings. The list below shows all close approaches within 100،000 km (62،137 mi) from the centre of the Earth.
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 31,620 | 0.082 | 0.000211 | 2016-03-11 | 2016 EF195 | 21–47 | 25.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 60,810 | 0.158 | 0.000406 | 1957-12-10 (undetected) |
2010 XW58 | 28–62 | 24.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 61,250 | 0.159 | 0.000409 | 2017-08-29 (precovery) |
2019 DP | 26–58 | 25.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 62,640 | 0.163 | 0.000419 | 2017-08-14 | 2017 QP1 | 37–83 | 24.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 69,732 | 0.181 | 0.000466 | 2018-02-09 | 2018 CB | 18–39 | 25.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 72,228 | 0.188 | 0.000483 | 2009-03-02 | 2009 DD45 | 15–41 | 25.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 77,930 | 0.203 | 0.000521 | 2020-06-05 | 2020 FB7 | 16–36 | 26.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 85,220 | 0.222 | 0.000570 | 2019-11-19 | 2019 WH | 15–34 | 26.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 86,569 | 0.225 | 0.000579 | 2016-08-28 | 2016 GA2 | 25–57 | 25.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 92,000 | 0.239 | 0.000613 | 1968-04-23 (undetected) |
2008 GD110 | 33–75 | 24.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Closest with an estimated diameter between 50 m and 140 m (24.25 ≥ H > 22.00)
NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) considers objects with a diameter of at least 50 m (164 ft) capable of destroying a concentrated urban area if they impact Earth.[13] The asteroid causing the Tunguska event is estimated at 50–80 m (164–262 ft) in diameter.[14] The list below shows all close approaches within 1 LD (384،400 km; 238،900 mi) from the centre of the Earth.
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 34,053 | 0.089 | 0.000228 | 2013-02-15 | 367943 Duende | 39–86 | 24.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 71,355 | 0.186 | 0.000477 | 2019-07-25 | 2019 OK | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 119,985 | 0.312 | 0.000802 | 2002-06-14 | 2002 MN | 48–110 | 23.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 192,950 | 0.502 | 0.00129 | 2018-04-15 | 2018 GE3 | 46–100 | 23.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 202,960 | 0.528 | 0.00130 | 2018-06-15 | 2010 WC9 | 53–120 | 23.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 212,600 | 0.553 | 0.00142 | 1936-01-06 (undetected) |
2010 VB1 | 58–130 | 22.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 245,000 | 0.637 | 0.00164 | 2021-09-16 | 2021 SG | 42–94 | 24.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 296,984 | 0.773 | 0.00199 | 2018-01-02 | 2018 AH | 77–170 | 22.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 306,420 | 0.797 | 0.00205 | 2020-06-05 | 2020 LD | 89–200 | 22.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 328,224 | 0.854 | 0.00219 | 1976-10-17 (undetected) |
2013 UG1 | 81–180 | 22.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 329,680 | 0.858 | 0.00220 | 1991-04-08 (undetected) |
2012 UE34 | 58–130 | 23.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 347,400 | 0.904 | 0.00232 | 2011-12-03 | 2011 XC2 | 61–140 | 23.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 357,785 | 0.931 | 0.00239 | 2019-07-24 | 2019 OD | 56–120 | 23.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Closest with an estimated diameter between 140 m and 1 km (22.0 ≥ H > 17.75)
In 2005, the United States Congress gave NASA an updated mandate to detect 90% of NEOs with diameters of 140 m (459 ft) or greater.[15] NASA's PDCO considers objects with a diameter of at least 140 m (459 ft) capable of creating an impact crater at least 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) across and causing regional devastation if they impact Earth.[13] The list below shows all close approaches within 2 LD (768،800 km; 477،700 mi) from the centre of the Earth.
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 75,300 | 0.196 | 0.000503 | 1957-02-01 (undetected) |
2019 CD2 | 260–590 | 20.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 120,160 | 0.313 | 0.000803 | 2001-11-08 (undetected) |
2017 VW13 | 200–440 | 20.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 233,220 | 0.607 | 0.00156 | 1914-12-31 (undetected) |
(152680) 1998 KJ9 | 330–740 | 19.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 263,600 | 0.686 | 0.00176 | 1971-04-11 (undetected) |
(612358) 2002 JE9 | 140–310 | 21.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 295,420 | 0.769 | 0.00197 | 2024-06-29 | 2024 MK | 100–230 150[16] |
22.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 314,290 | 0.818 | 0.00210 | 1982-11-04 (undetected) |
2012 TY52 | 150–330 | 21.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 324,931 | 0.845 | 0.00217 | 2011-11-08 | (308635) 2005 YU55 | 400 | 21.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 346,940 | 0.903 | 0.00232 | 1925-08-30 (undetected) |
(163132) 2002 CU11 | 460 ±17 | 18.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 350,000 | 0.911 | 0.00234 | 1918-09-17 (undetected) |
(458732) 2011 MD5 | 730–1600 | 17.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 369,000 | 0.960 | 0.00247 | 1923-06-26 (undetected) |
2021 MK1 | 140–320 | 21.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 403,240 | 1.049 | 0.00270 | 1985-09-02 (undetected) |
(371660) 2007 CN26 | 160–350 | 21.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 413,930 | 1.077 | 0.00277 | 1965-09-15 (undetected) |
2021 PC7 | 350–790 | 19.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 432,439 | 1.125 | 0.00289 | 2006-07-03 | (612901) 2004 XP14 | 290–650 130–260[17] |
19.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 453,160 | 1.179 | 0.00303 | 1996-05-19 | 1996 JA1 | 170–380 | 21.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 486,807 | 1.266 | 0.00325 | 2015-10-31 | 2015 TB145 | 260–580 625–700[18] |
20.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 518,530 | 1.349 | 0.00347 | 2013-06-15 (undetected) |
2021 MK1 | 140–320 | 21.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 526,974 | 1.371 | 0.00352 | 2002-02-18 | 2002 NY40 | 420–640 | 19.0 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 550,500 | 1.432 | 0.00368 | 1938-03-11 (undetected) |
2013 FA8 | 160–370 | 21.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 554,169 | 1.442 | 0.00370 | 2008-01-29 | 2007 TU24 | 230–510 250[19] |
20.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 594,400 | 1.546 | 0.00397 | 1983-03-19 (undetected) |
2018 VG3 | 180–390 | 20.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 624,154 | 1.624 | 0.00417 | 2011-04-25 | 2011 JA | 140–310 | 21.4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 649,700 | 1.690 | 0.00434 | 1950-11-16 (undetected) |
2023 GQ2 | 280–630 | 19.9 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 677,140 | 1.762 | 0.00453 | 1975-01-31 (undetected) |
(27002) 1998 DV9 | 580–1300 | 18.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 684,010 | 1.779 | 0.00457 | 1989-03-22 | 4581 Asclepius | 190–420 | 20.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 726,400 | 1.890 | 0.00486 | 1959-07-12 (undetected) |
2017 NM6 | 460–1000 | 18.8 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 750,820 | 1.953 | 0.00502 | 1919-01-04 (undetected) |
(509352) 2007 AG | 250–550 | 20.2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Closest with an estimated diameter above 1 km (17.75 ≥ H)
The original mandate to NASA given by the United States Congress in 1998 was to detect 90% of near-Earth asteroids over 1 km (0.62 mi) diameter (that threaten global devastation) by 2008.[20] NASA's PDCO considers objects with a diameter of at least 1 km (0.62 mi) capable of creating an impact crater at least 10 km (6.2 mi) across and causing global devastation if they impact Earth.[13] The list below shows all close approaches within 5 LD (1،922،000 km; 1،194،000 mi) from the centre of the Earth.
| Nominal geocentric distance |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Size (m) (approximate) |
Abs. mag. | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (km) | (LD) | (AU) | |||||
| 634,523 | 1.651 | 0.00424 | 1942-04-26 (undetected) |
69230 Hermes | 770–1700 810[6] |
17.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 740,640 | 1.927 | 0.00495 | 1937-10-30 | 69230 Hermes | 770–1700 810[6] |
17.7 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1,060,967 | 2.760 | 0.00709 | 1981-05-18 (precovery) |
(143651) 2003 QO104 | 1600–3600 | 16.1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1,125,000 | 2.927 | 0.00752 | 1933-01-17 (undetected) |
(7482) 1994 PC1 | 1052 ±303 | 16.6 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1,394,570 | 3.628 | 0.00932 | 1969-08-27 (undetected) |
(192642) 1999 RD32 | 1300–2900 5000[21] |
16.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1,549,407 | 4.031 | 0.01036 | 2004-09-29 | 4179 Toutatis | 5400 4750×1950[22] |
15.3 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 1,885,310 | 4.905 | 0.01260 | 1961-04-12 (undetected) |
(163243) 2002 FB3 | 1682 ±13 | 16.5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
Predicted encounters
Incomplete list of asteroids larger than about 50 m (160 ft) predicted to pass close to Earth (see also asteroid impact prediction and Sentry (monitoring system)):[2][23]
| Nominal geocentric distance (AU) |
Nominal geocentric distance (km) |
Size (m) (estimated) |
Date of closest approach |
Object | JPL-Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.000254 | 38,000 | 325 | April 13, 2029 | 99942 Apophis | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.000670 | 100,200 | 75–170 | October 19, 2129 | 2007 UW1 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.000721 | 107,800 | 50–120 | April 8, 2041 | 2012 UE34 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001572 | 235,200 | 170–370 | January 2, 2101 | (456938) 2007 YV56 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001585 | 237,000 | 360±40 | November 8, 2075 | (308635) 2005 YU55 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001629 | 243,700 | 370–840 | December 1, 2140 | (153201) 2000 WO107 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001635** | 244,600 | 190–420 | October 25, 2077 | (549948) 2011 WL2 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001663 | 248,800 | 700–1500 | June 26, 2028 | (153814) 2001 WN5 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.001980 | 296,200 | 170–370 | January 22, 2148 | (85640) 1998 OX4 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.002222 | 332,500 | 190–250 | May 28, 2065 | 2005 WY55 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.002241 | 335,200 | 75–170 | March 23, 2146 | 2009 DO111 | قالب:JPL+CAD |
| 0.00257 | 384,400 | for comparison, this is the average distance to the Moon[7] | |||
A list of predicted NEO approaches at larger distances is maintained as a database by the NASA Near Earth Object Program.[24]
** Only the nominal (best-fit) orbit shows a passage this close. The uncertainty region is still somewhat large due to a short observation arc.
Earth-grazers
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Objects which enter and then leave Earth's atmosphere, the so-called Earth-grazers, are a distinct phenomenon, inasmuch as entering the lower atmosphere can constitute an impact event rather than a close pass. Earth-grazer can also be short for a body that "grazes" the orbit of the Earth, in a different context.
| Altitude (km) |
Size (m) (approximate) |
Mass (kg) (approximate) |
Date of closest approach |
Object | Note | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | mean sea level | |||||
| 8.8 | Mount Everest (height) | |||||
| 58 | 5 | 105–106 | August 10, 1972 | 1972 Great Daylight Fireball above the United States and Canada | First scientifically observed | [25] |
| 71.4 | 100 | March 29, 2006 | 2006 Earth-grazing Fireball above Japan | |||
| 98.7 | 44 | October 13, 1990 | 1990 Earth-grazing Fireball above Czechoslovakia and Poland | First captured from 2 distant locations, which enabled computing its orbit by geometrical methods | [27] | |
| August 7, 2007 | 2007 Earth-grazing Fireball | Its pre-encounter orbit belonged to the rare Aten type | [28] | |||
| 100 | Kármán line | |||||
Animations
 Animation of the 2015 TB145 (NEO) flyby, as seen from the center of the Earth, with hourly trace circles along the path of motion |
Overview
.jpg&filetimestamp=20251225023929){kind=link}
Notes
- ^ Distance from the center of Earth to the center of the object. See the NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics Glossary: Geocentric Archived 2013-02-14 at the Wayback Machine. Earth has a radius of approximately 6,400 km.
References
- ^ "Responding to Potential Asteroid Redirect Mission Targets". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
- ^ أ ب "NEO Earth Close Approaches". NASA/JPL CNEOS. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
- ^ "Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring". NASA/JPL CNEOS. Retrieved 2025-02-25.
- ^ أ ب "Pre-Impact Detections". NASA/JPL CNEOS. Retrieved 2025-02-25.
- ^ "Fireballs". NASA/JPL CNEOS. Archived from the original on 2025-02-22. Retrieved 2025-02-25.
- ^ أ ب ت Johnston, Robert (20 September 2014). "(69230) Hermes". johnstonsarchive.net. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
- ^ أ ب NASA Staff (10 May 2011). "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ Yeomans, Don; Chodas, Paul (4 February 2011). "Very Small Asteroid Makes Close Earth Approach on February 4, 2011". Near-Earth Object Program Office. NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ "Impact Cratering Mechanics". Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "Discovery Statistics. Introduction". NASA/JPL CNEOS. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
- ^ Robert Marcus; H. Jay Melosh; Gareth Collins. "Earth Impact Effects Program". Imperial College London & Purdue University. Retrieved 2013-02-04. (solution using 2600 kg/m^3, 17 km/s, 90 degrees)
- ^ Binzel, Richard P. (2000). "Torino Impact Hazard Scale". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (4): 297–303. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..297B. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00006-4.
- ^ أ ب ت NASA Planetary Defense Strategy and Action Plan. NASA PDCO. April 2023. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the
|archivedate=parameter. https://www3.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_-_planetary_defense_strategy_-_final-508.pdf. Retrieved on 2025-02-26. - ^ Smith, Kimberly Ennico (25 June 2019). "Tunguska Revisited: 111-Year-Old Mystery Impact Inspires New, More Optimistic Asteroid Predictions". NASA. Archived from the original on 2025-02-22. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
- ^ "Public Law 109–155–DEC.30, 2005" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 6, 2024. Retrieved January 2, 2025.
- ^ O'Neill, Ian J. (3 July 2024). "NASA's Planetary Radar Tracks Two Large Asteroid Close Approaches". NASA/JPL. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
- ^ Benner, Lance A.; Ostro; Giorgini; et al. (September 2006). "Radar Observations Of Asteroid 2004 XP14: An Outlier In The Near-earth Population". American Astronomical Society. 38 (2): 621. Bibcode:2006DPS....38.6807B.
- ^ Müller, T. G.; Marciniak, A.; Butkiewicz-Bąk, M.; et al. (February 2017). "Large Halloween asteroid at lunar distance". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598. id. A63. arXiv:1610.08267. Bibcode:2017A&A...598A..63M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629584. S2CID 119162848.
- ^ Agle, DC; Hautaluoma, Grey (25 January 2008). "NASA Scientists Get First Images of Earth Flyby Asteroid". NASA/JPL. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
- ^ Chapman, Clark R. (May 21, 1998). "Statement on The Threat of Impact by Near-Earth Asteroids before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics of the Committee on Science of the U.S. House of Representatives at its hearings on "Asteroids: Perils and Opportunities"". Southwest Research Institute. Archived from the original on December 6, 2024. Retrieved January 2, 2025.
- ^ Benner, Lance A: M. (12 March 2012). "(192642) 1999 RD32 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 2025-02-27.
- ^ Huang, Jiangchuan; Ji, Jianghui; Ye, Peijian; et al. (December 2013). "The Ginger-shaped Asteroid 4179 Toutatis: New Observations from a Successful Flyby of Chang'e-2". Scientific Reports. 3. id. 3411. arXiv:1312.4329. Bibcode:2013NatSR...3.3411H. doi:10.1038/srep03411. PMC 3860288. PMID 24336501.
- ^ "PHA Close Approaches To The Earth". International Astronomical Union/Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
- ^ NASA, Near Earth Object Program, database NEO Earth Close-Approaches Between 1900 A.D. and 2200 A.D. limited to encounters with reasonably low uncertainty Archived 2013-02-17 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 20 Sept. 2013)
- ^ Ceplecha, Z. (March 1994). "Earth-grazing daylight fireball of August 10, 1972". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 283 (1): 287–288. Bibcode:1994A&A...283..287C. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ (18–22 September 2006) "Earth-grazing fireball on March 29, 2006".: 486.
- ^ Borovička, J.; Ceplecha, Z. (April 1992). "Earth-grazing fireball of October 13, 1990". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 257 (1): 323–328. Bibcode:1992A&A...257..323B. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Spurný, P.; Borovička, J.; Ceplecha, Z.; Shrbený, L. (2008), Precise Multi-Instrument Data on 45 Fireballs Recorded over Central Europe in the Period 2006-2008, 1405, pp. 8217, Bibcode: 2008LPICo1405.8217S, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8217.pdf, retrieved on 2015-03-14
External links
- Sentry Risk Table – Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- "PHA Close Approaches To The Earth" – Minor Planet Center
- "NEO Earth Close Approaches" – NASA/JPL's Near-Earth Object Program Office
- "NEO Earth Close-Approaches" (Between 1900 A.D. and 2200 A.D., NEOs with H <=22, nominal distance within 5 LD) – NASA/JPL's Near-Earth Object Program Office
- "Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs): A Chronology of Milestones" – International Astronomical Union
- NEODyS-2 – Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site sponsored by ESA
- TECA Table of asteroids next close approaches to the Earth – Sormano Astronomical Observatory
- SAEL Small Asteroids Encounter List – Sormano Astronomical Observatory
- [1]
- E.A.R.N. – European Asteroid Research Node
- Upcoming Close Approaches (< 0.10 AU) of NEOs to the Inner Planets - Andrew Lowe using Solex 11
- Earth's Busy Neighborhood – HohmannTransfer
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Earthgrazer: The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972 (2 March 2009)
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