جاني أنييلي

(تم التحويل من Gianni Agnelli)
جاني أنييلي

OMRI OML OMCA CGVM CMG
Giovanni Agneli
سناتور إيطالي مدى الحياة
Life tenure
1 يونيو 1991 – 24 يناير 2003
عيـَّنهFrancesco Cossiga
الدائرة الانتخابيةعينه رئيس إيطاليا
President of Confindustria
في المنصب
30 May 1974 – 23 July 1976
سبقهRenato Lombardi
خلـَفهGuido Carli
Mayor of Villar Perosa
في المنصب
6 May 1945 – 16 June 1980
سبقهOffice established
خلـَفهAlberto Castagna
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
جيوڤاني أنيلي

12 مارس 1921
تورين، إيطاليا
توفي24 يناير 2003
تورين، إيطاليا
المثوىVillar Perosa, Piedmont, Italy
القوميةإيطالي
الحزبIndependent
الزوجمارلا كاراكيولو ده كاستانتو
الأنجالإدواردو أنييلي
الكونتسة مارگريتا أنييلي ده پالن
الوالدانEdoardo Agnelli II (father)
Princess Virginia Bourbon del Monte (mother)
الأقاربGiovanni Agnelli (grandfather)
John Elkann (grandson)
المدرسة الأمجامعة تورين
الوظيفةصناعي

جوڤاني أنييلي Giovanni Agnelli (12 مارس 1921 – 24 يناير 2003)، وشهرته جياني أنييلي (النطق بالإيطالية: [ˈdʒanni aɲˈɲɛlli])، هو صناعي إيطالي والمساهم الرئيسي في شركة فيات للسيارات. كرئيس لفيات، كان يتحكم في 4.4 من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي لإيطاليا، 3.1% من القوى الصناعية، و16.5% من الاستثمار الايطالي. وكان جياني أغنى شخص في التاريخ الإيطالي المعاصر.[1]

Agnelli was regarded as having an impeccable and slightly eccentric fashion sense,[2] which has influenced both Italian and international men's fashion. Agnelli was awarded the decoration Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1967 and the Order of Merit for Labour (Cavaliere del lavoro) in 1977.[3] Following his death in 2003, control of the firm was gradually passed to his grandson and chosen heir, John Elkann.[4]

النشأة

Agnelli was born in Turin; he maintained strong ties with the village of Villar Perosa, near Turin in the Piedmont region, of which he served as mayor until 1980.[5] His father was the prominent Italian industrialist Edoardo Agnelli.[6] His maternal grandmother was American;[7] his mother was Princess Virginia Bourbon del Monte,[6] daughter of Carlo, 4th Prince of San Faustino, head of a noble family established in Perugia, who was married with the American heiress Jane Allen Campbell.[8] Agnelli was named after his grandfather Giovanni Agnelli, the founder of the Italian car manufacturer Fiat.[6] At the age of 14, his father was killed in a plane crash,[9] and he was raised by his grandfather,[10] who died on 16 December 1945, fifteen days after Agnelli's mother, Virginia, died in a car crash.[8]

Known as Gianni to differentiate from his grandfather, with whom he shared his first name, he inherited the command of Fiat and the Agnelli family assets in general in 1966, following a period in which Fiat was temporarily ruled by Vittorio Valletta while he was learning how his family's company worked.[6] Agnelli raised Fiat to become the most important company in Italy, and one of the major car-builders of Europe, amid the Italian economic miracle.[6] He was considered the king of Italian business from the 1960s to the 1980s.[11] He also developed an accessory business,[12] with minor companies, such as Fiat Velivoli, operating in the military industry.[13]

جياني أنييلي (يسار) مع جده جيوڤاني أنييلي الأصغر عام 1940.

Agnelli was educated at Pinerolo Cavalry Academy, and studied law at the University of Turin, although he never practised law.[12] He joined a tank regiment in June 1940 when Italy entered World War II on the side of the Axis powers. He fought on the Eastern Front, being wounded twice. He also served in a Fiat-built armoured-car division during the North African campaign, for which he received the War Cross of Military Valor.[14][15][16] After the armistice of Cassibile, Agnelli became a liaison officer with the occupying American troops due to his fluency in English.[12] His grandfather, who had manufactured vehicles for the Axis powers during the war, was forced to retire from Fiat but named Valletta to be his successor. His grandfather died, leaving him head of the family but Valletta running the company. After the pre-war Topolino, Italy's first inexpensive mass-produced car, Fiat in the mid-fiftees made a bestseller with the Fiat 600.[6]

Prior to his marriage on 19 November 1953 to Marella Caracciolo dei Principi di Castagneto, a half-American, half-Neapolitan noblewoman who made a small but significant name as a fabric designer and a bigger name as a tastemaker,[17] Agnelli was a noted playboy whose mistresses included actresses, such Anita Ekberg, Rita Hayworth, Linda Christian, Danielle Darrieux, the socialite Pamela Harriman, and Jackie Kennedy.[12] Although Agnelli continued to be involved with other women during his marriage, including Ekberg and the fashion designer Jackie Rogers,[18] the Agnellis remained married until his death of prostate cancer in 2003 at the age of 81.[19]

رئاسة فيات

جياني أنييلي (في الوسط) ومجلس مديرو فيات في لقاء الرئيس ساندرو پرتيني (على يمينه) أثناء الزيارة الرسمية لمصنع سڤل سود ڤال دي سانگرو، 1981.

Agnelli became president of Fiat in 1966. He opened factories in many places, including the Soviet Union in the Russian city of Tolyatti,[13] Spain,[12] and South America,[10] such as Automóveis in Brasil;[13] he also started international alliances and joint-ventures like Iveco, which marked a new industrial mentality. During the international energy crisis of the 1970s, he sold part of the company to Lafico, a Libyan company owned by Muammar Gaddafi;[20][21][22] Agnelli would later repurchase these shares.[12][13] He was also closely connected with Juventus, the most renowned Italian football club,[23] of which he was a fan and the direct owner.[24][25][26]

In 1969 and 1970, Fiat was joined by Ferrari and Lancia. In the 1970s, which were marked by labour tensions, Fiat expanded to the east and agreements with Poland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia were strengthened.[13] In 1974, he was elected president of Confindustria and came to terms with the labour unions by signing the agreement for the single point of contingency with the CGIL by Luciano Lama.[6] The 1980s saw increased sales for Fiat under Vittorio Ghidella, with successes such as the Fiat Uno, the Fiat Croma, and the Lancia Thema. In 1986, after a failed agreement with Ford Motor Company, Agnelli bought Alfa Romeo from the Italian state.[13] In the 1990s, as Fiat was unable to make inroads into the non-European automotive markets, Agnelli decided to form an alliance with General Motors. The agreement provided for General Motors to sell 5% of their shares in exchange for 20% of the Fiat Group's package, with the possibility after two years and within the next eight years to buy the remaining 80% of Fiat if it was sold.[13]

In 1991, Agnelli was named an Italian senator for life and joined the independent parliamentary group; he was later named a member of the Senate of the Republic's defence commission. In 1997, he briefly acquired de facto control of Telecom Italia.[27] In the early 2000s, Agnelli made overtures to General Motors resulting in an agreement under which General Motors progressively became involved in Fiat. The crisis of Fiat came when Agnelli was already fighting against cancer, and he could take little part in these events.[28] Agnelli also encountered a number of difficulties with Mediobanca through Cesare Romiti, who caused Agnelli anxiety. Mediobanca made a policy of constantly supervising Fiat because of their financial interests in the company, often becoming significantly involved in executive decisions and important issues. Vincenzo Maranghi, who later became the CEO of the bank, eventually developed a close friendship with Agnelli, despite previous tensions.[29] At the time of his death in 2003, Fiat was worth €3.3 billion; Agnelli's inheritance was twenty-five times bigger by 2023.[30]

Nicknamed L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer") because he had a degree in law even though he was never admitted to the Order of Lawyers, Agnelli was the most important figure in Italian economy, the symbol of capitalism throughout the second half of 20th century,[31][32] and regarded by many as the true "King of Italy".[33] A cultivated man of keen intelligence and a peculiar sense of humour, he was perhaps the most famous Italian abroad, particularly in the United States and New York,[34][35] forming deep relationships with international bankers and politicians, largely through the Bilderberg Group, whose conferences he attended regularly since 1958.[36][37] Some of the other Bilderberg regulars became close friends, among them Henry Kissinger.[38][39][40] He was also close to John F. Kennedy,[41] and was a friend of Truman Capote.[42] Another longtime associate was David Rockefeller,[43][44] who appointed him to the International Advisory Committee of Chase Manhattan Bank, of which Rockefeller was chairman; Agnelli sat on this committee for thirty years. He was also a member of a syndicate with Rockefeller that for a time in the 1980s owned Rockefeller Center.[45] He was also an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee, a position he held until his death, and was named in 2000 the committee honorary president for Torino 2006,[26] of which he was an instrumental promoter.[46]


أواخر حياته ووفاته

أسلوبه

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Seal, Mark (2009-10-20). ""The Woman Who Wanted the Secrets," ''Vanity Fair'', August 2008". Vanityfair.com. Retrieved 2011-06-01. {{cite web}}: Check |authorlink= value (help)
  2. ^ Raab, Scott (20 August 2007). "The Best Dressed Men in the History of the World". Esquire. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana – Le Onorificenze: Giovanni Agnelli" (in الإيطالية). Quirinale. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  4. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Seal 2009
  5. ^ "La famiglia Agnelli". Villar Perosa. 19 July 2004. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ "Gianni Agnelli, 20 anni fa moriva l'imprenditore-simbolo dell'Italia nel mondo" (in الإيطالية). Adnkronos. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Henry Kissinger: 'Vi spiego chi era Agnelli in privato". Calcio e Finanza (in الإيطالية). 12 March 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  8. ^ أ ب Francesconi, Giovanna (28 November 2022). "Virginia Bourbon Del Monte: una Agnelli Dimenticata". Vanilla Magazine. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  9. ^ Castellani, Massimo (23 December 2022). "Calcio. Juventus, 100 anni sotto la real casa Agnelli". Avvenire (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  10. ^ أ ب Kovick, Margaret (9 March 2021). "The personal history of Giovanni 'Gianni' Agnelli". Wanted in Rome. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  11. ^ Brusa, Francesca (12 March 2021). "Gianni Agnelli: il centenario della nascita". L'Officiel Italia (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Pirro, Deirdre (3 April 2008). "Gianni Agnelli". The Florentine (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  13. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Coletto, Marco (25 April 2013). "Gianni Agnelli e le automobili". Icon Wheels (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  14. ^ "'Che tenacia, il tenente Agnelli'". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). 25 January 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  15. ^ Rizzo, Renato (20 May 2005). "Nizza Cavalleria, suona l'ora dell'ultima carica". La Stampa (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  16. ^ Riovera, Andrea Elia (1 June 2021). "Gianni Agnelli nel trentennale della nomina a Senatore a vita". Civico20News (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  17. ^ Almanach de Gotha. Gotha: Justus Perthes. 1942. pp. 398–399.
  18. ^ Gurley, George (23 October 2007). "Jackie, Oh!". The New York Observer. p. 1. Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  19. ^ Glover, Jon (24 January 2003). "Giovanni Agnelli". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  20. ^ "Fiat, Lafico (Libia) ha il 2%". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). 1 March 2002. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  21. ^ "Fiat, Gheddafi rientra con il 2%". Italia Oggi (in الإيطالية). No. 52. 2 March 2002. p. 10. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  22. ^ Giva, Giorgio (1 December 2021). "Accadde oggi – Agnelli apre la Fiat a Gheddafi: è il 1976". FIRSTonline (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  23. ^ Israely, Jeff (25 June 2006). "All in the Family". Time. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2 March 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  24. ^ "Juventus mourn passing of Agnelli". Inside Uefa. UEFA. 24 January 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  25. ^ Beccantini, Roberto (29 May 2004). "Le passioni Nel '55, appena maggiorenne, subentra al fratello e gestisce la rifondazione Nel '94 il ritorno al timone della societa' per un nuovo rilancio ricco di trionfi La sua Juve, vittorie e conti in regola Tessitore sottile della grande svolta manageriale". Corriere della Sera. p. 13. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  26. ^ أ ب Vaciago, Guido (24 January 2023). "Gianni Agnelli, vent'anni a chiedersi cosa avrebbe detto". Tuttosport (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  27. ^ Bertelè, Umberti (7 April 2014). "Gianni Agnelli è stato un anticipatore di Google?". Digital4 (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  28. ^ Berta, Giuseppe; Craveri, Elisa (2002). "Fiat: An Italian Crisis". Italian Politics. Berghahn Books. 18: 237–249. ISSN 1086-4946. JSTOR 43039756.
  29. ^ "Fiat, esce Cuccia entra Maranghi". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). 28 June 1996. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  30. ^ Mangano, Marigia (23 January 2023). "Tra scatole (societarie) e traslochi, l'eredità moltiplicata in 20 anni". Il Sole 24 Ore (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  31. ^ Stewart, Gaither (14 October 2018). "Gianni Agnelli—The Grand Contradiction". Countercurrents.org. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  32. ^ Roberto, Luca (6 March 2021). "Gianni Agnelli, un'istituzione capitalistica novecentesca". Il Foglio (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  33. ^ Gentile, Serena (6 March 2021). "Gianni Agnelli, i 100 anni dell'Avvocato king of Italy". La Gazzetta dello Sport (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  34. ^ Platero, Mario (19 March 2021). "Gianni Agnelli e quella irresistibile storia d'arte e d'amore con New York". La Voce di New York (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  35. ^ Platero, Mario (24 January 2023). "L'avvocato Agnelli a New York. Tra arte, moto e feste con gli amici". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  36. ^ Balestreri, Giuliano (28 May 2014). "Gli italiani al vertice del Bilderberg: dalla galassia Fiat a Letta e Tremonti". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  37. ^ "Bilderberg and the Agnellis". Bilderberg Meetings. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  38. ^ Molinari, Maurizio (11 March 2021). "Henry Kissinger: 'Gianni Agnelli era un uomo del Rinascimento'". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  39. ^ Toninelli, Giulia (12 March 2021). "Henry Kissinger racconta Gianni Agnelli: i 100 anni dell'uomo 'del Rinascimento'". MOW (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  40. ^ Caracciolo, Luca (25 January 2023). "'L'Italia della guerra fredda e la mia amicizia con l'Avvocato Agnelli'". Limes (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  41. ^ Amato, Elisabetta (13 March 2021). "Torinese, italiano, cosmopolita: Gianni Agnelli cent'anni dopo". Zeta Luiss (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  42. ^ "Gianni Agnelli in bianco e nero, il ritratto dell'Avvocato". Corriere dello Sport (in الإيطالية). 10 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  43. ^ Zucconi, Vittorio (25 January 2003). "'Era un leader, in America lo stavamo ad ascoltare'". La Repubblica (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  44. ^ "Agnelli e Rockefeller: restammo senza parole". La Stampa (in الإيطالية). 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  45. ^ Rockefeller, David (2002). Memoirs. New York: Random House. pp. 208, 479, 481. ISBN 978-0-6794-0588-7.
  46. ^ "Cento anni fa nasceva Gianni Agnelli: un francobollo ricorda l'Avvocato". TG Poste (in الإيطالية). 12 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

وصلات خارجية

مناصب في قطاع الأعمال
سبقه
Renato Lombardi 		President of Confindustria
1974–1976 		تبعه
Guido Carli

قالب:Fiat

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=جاني_أنييلي&oldid=4239044"