869
| القرون: | قرن 8 · قرن 9 · قرن 10 |
| العقود: | ع830 ع840 ع850 ع860 ع870 ع880 ع890 |
| السنوات: | 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 8 – القرن 9 – القرن 10 |
| عقود: | عقد 830 عقد 840 عقد 850 – عقد 860 – عقد 870 عقد 880 عقد 890 |
| سنين: | 866 867 868 – 869 – 870 871 872 |
Death of king Edmund the Martyr (right)
| 869 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 869 DCCCLXIX |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1622 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 318 ԹՎ ՅԺԸ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5619 |
| التقويم البهائي | −975 – −974 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 276 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1819 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1413 |
| التقويم البورمي | 231 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6377–6378 |
| التقويم الصيني | 戊子年 (التراب الفأر) 3565 أو 3505 — إلى — 己丑年 (التراب الثور) 3566 أو 3506 |
| التقويم القبطي | 585–586 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2035 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 861–862 |
| التقويم العبري | 4629–4630 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 925–926 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 791–792 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3970–3971 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10869 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −131 – −130 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 247–248 |
| التقويم الهجري | 255–256 |
| التقويم الياباني | Jōgan 11 (貞観１１年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 869 DCCCLXIX |
| التقويم الكوري | 3202 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1043 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1043年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1412 |
Year 869 (DCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
حسب المكان
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
- Summer – Emperor Basil I allies with the Frankish emperor Louis II against the Saracens. He sends a Byzantine fleet of 400 ships (according to the Annales Bertiniani), under the command of Admiral Niketas Ooryphas, to support Louis (who is besieging the city port of Bari) and to clear the Adriatic Sea of Muslim raiders.[1]
- The Hagia Sophia Basilica (church) in Constantinople suffers great damage during an earthquake, which makes the eastern half-dome collapse. Basil I orders it to be repaired.
أوروبا
- August 8 – Lothair II, King of Middle Francia (Lotharingia), dies at Piacenza, on his way home from meeting Pope Adrian II at Rome, to get assent for a divorce. Lotharingia is subsequently divided between Lothair's uncles, Charles the Bald of France and Louis the German.
بريطانيا
- The Danes, led by Viking chieftain Ivar the Boneless, 'make peace' with the Mercians (by accepting Danegeld). Ivar leaves Nottingham on horseback, and returns to York.[2]
- Autumn –The Great Heathen Army, led by Ivar the Boneless and Ubba, invades the Kingdom of East Anglia and plunders Peterborough. The Vikings take up winter quarters at Thetford.
- November 20 – Vikings conquer East Anglia, killing King Edmund the Martyr.[3]
الدولة العباسية
- ثورة الزنج: The Zanj (black slaves from East Africa), provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in salt flats, and on the sugar and cotton plantations of southwestern Persia, revolt.
- Summer – Caliph Al-Mu'tazz is murdered by mutinous Muslim troops, after a 3-year reign. He is succeeded by Al-Muhtadi (a grandson of the late Al-Mu'tasim), as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.
اليابان
- July 9 – The 869 Sanriku earthquake and associated tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu.
- The first Gion Festival is held in order to combat an epidemic thought to be caused by an angry deity.[4]
وسط أمريكا
- The last monument ever erected at Tikal, Stela 11, is dedicated by ruler (ajaw) Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil II.[5]
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- October 5 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople, called by Basil I and Pope Adrian II, opens. The council will condemn Photius I and depose him as patriarch, reinstating his predecessor Ignatios.[6]
مواليد
- January 2 – Yōzei, emperor of Japan (d. 949)
- Gung Ye, king of Hu Goguryeo (approximate date)
- Muhammad al-Mahdi, Muslim Twelver Shī‘ah Imām
وفيات
- February 14 – Cyril, Byzantine missionary and bishop
- August 8 – Lothair II, king of Lotharingia (b. 835)
- September 8 – Ahmad ibn Isra'il al-Anbari, Muslim vizier
- September 18 – Wenilo, Frankish archbishop
- October 14 – Pang Xun, Chinese rebel leader
- November 20 (or 870) – Edmund the Martyr, king of East Anglia
- Al-Darimi, Muslim scholar and imam
- Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Muslim jurist (approximate date)
- Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (or 868)
- Al-Mu'tazz, Muslim caliph (b. 847)
- Dongshan Liangjie, Chinese Buddhist teacher (b. 807)
- Dúnlaing mac Muiredaig, king of Leinster (Ireland)
- Ermentrude of Orléans, queen of the Franks (b. 823)
- Gundachar, count (or margrave) of Carinthia
- Leuthard II, Frankish count (or 858)
- Rothad of Soissons, Frankish bishop
- Shapur ibn Sahl, Persian physician
- Solomon, Frankish count (approximate date)
- Yu Xuanji, Chinese poet (or 868)
References
- ^ Kreutz, Barbara M. (1991). Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the ninth and tenth centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 43. ISBN 0812231015.
- ^ Hill, Paul (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great. Westholme. pp. 32–6. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- ^ Gransden, Antonia (2004). "Edmund [St Edmund] (d. 869)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8500. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (subscription or UK public library membership مطلوبة)
- ^ Jones, Keith (2015). Holiday Symbols and Customs. Detroit: Omnigraphics Incorporated. p. 345.
- ^ Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai (2000). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London; New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05103-8. OCLC 47358325.
- ^ Rahner, Karl (2004). Encyclopedia of Theology. A&C Black. p. 389. ISBN 0-86012-006-6.
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