ڤياسات

For other uses, see Viasat.
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Viacom.
شركة ڤياسات.
النوععامة
رمز التداولNASDAQ: VSAT
من عناصر ستاندارد أند پور 400
الصناعةاتصالات
تأسستمايو 1986; 38 years ago (1986-05 في كارلسباد، كاليفورنيا, الولايات المتحدة
المقر الرئيسيكارلسباد، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة.
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
المنتجات
الخدماتتأمين الشبكات
اتصال ساتلي بالإنترنت
الدخل▲ US$2٫3 billion (2020) [1]
▲ US$458 million (2020) [2]
الموظفون5,900 (2020)[3]
الموقع الإلكترونيviasat.com

ڤياسات إنگليزية: Viasat هي شركة اتصالات أمريكية مقرها كارلسباد، كاليفورنيا، ولها عمليات إضافية في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة وفي جميع أنحاء العالم. ڤياسات هي مزود خدمات عريضة النطاق عالية السرعة عبر السواتل وأنظمة الشبكات الآمنة التي تغطي الأسواق العسكرية والتجارية.[4][5][6]

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التاريخ

تأسست ڤياسات في مايو 1986 بواسطة مارك دانكبرگ، مارك ملر وستيڤ هارت.[7][8][9] أصبح مارك دانكبرگ الرئيس التنفيذي وأصبح مارك ملر وستيڤ هارت كبير المسؤولين الفنيين.[8]كما تلقت شركة ڤياسات تمويلاً برأس المال الاستثماري بقيمة 300000 دولار من مشاريع جنوب كاليفورنيا.[8][9] في ديسمبر 1996، كان لشركة ڤياسات اكتتاب مبدئي عام (IPO).[8][7] في عام 1999، انتقلت شركة ڤياسات إلى مقرها الرئيسي في كارلسباد، كاليفورنيا.[10]أطلقت ڤياسات شركة فرعية، تلس‌وير للتكنولوجيا، في عام 2000. تركز الشركة الممولة ذاتياً على حلول قالب:Buzzword inline مشاكل الاتصالات الأرضية.[11][12]

ساعد الاستحواذ على أعمال شبكات السواتل في ساينتفك-أتلانتا مقابل 75 مليون دولار نقداً في عام 2000 شركة ڤياسات على التركيز على توفير التكنولوجيا للخدمات التفاعلية للشركات.[13]

في عام 2001، بدأت شركة ڤياسات العمل مع بوينگ على كونكشن عريضة النطاق لشركات الطيران.[7]كما استحوذت الشركة على لوكهيد مارتن وحدة منتجات الاتصالات العالمية، كوم‌سات لابوراتوريز في عام 2001 مقابل مبلغ لم يكشف عنه.[8][14][15]مختبرات كوم‌سات هي مجموعة تطوير المنتجات والتكنولوجيا الخاصة بـ ڤياسات لأنظمة الاتصالات التي تركز على تطوير تقنيات جديدة لنقل البيانات عبر السواتل بكفاءة عرض النطاق الترددي العالي.[14][15][16]في عام 2001، اشترت ڤياسات أيضاً شركة مونولثكس الأمريكية، وهي شركة تركز على تصميم دوائر النطاق العريض عالية التردد، مقابل حوالي 30 مليون دولار.[8][17][18]

دخلت يوتلسات في اتفاقية في عام 2001 لاستخدام محطات IP عالية الأداء خاصة بڤياسات ولنك‌ستار التابعة لها لشبكة الوسائط المتعددة عريضة النطاق الخاصة بها عبر سواتل FSS القائمة على Ku.[19] دخلت ڤياسات مشروعاً مشتركاً في عام 2001 مع لورال سكاي‌نت لتأسيس شبكات إميون لتطوير خدمة إميون للنطاق الترددي عند الطلب المباعة في خطط الخدمة المُدارة الشهرية. وقد استخدمت ABC News Immeon لتحسين اتصالاتها الصوتية والبيانات للأخبار في الموقع.[20]

فازت شركة ڤياسات بعقد مع شركة وايلدبلو للاتصالات بقيمة 16 مليون دولار في مارس 2001 لبناء أجهزة مودم للسواتل من وايلدبلو لدعم إطلاق الخدمة الأولي للشركة.[21]وقعت وايلد بلو عقداً ثانياً مع ڤياسات في عام 2001 مقابل 17 مليون دولار وستقوم شركة ڤياسات بتطوير وإنتاج أنظمة مودم طرفيات ساتلية لست محطات بوّابة.[22]

أطلقت وايلدبلو خدمة الإنترنت الخاصة بها في أكتوبر 2004 بعد اكتسابها قدرة إرسال نطاق Ka على القمر الصناعي Telesat Anik F2. وقد أجرت اختباراً تقنياً رسمياً حتى يناير 2005، تلاه اختبار تجريبي على مستوى البلاد قبل أن يتم تثبيت الخدمات لأول عملاء التجزئة السكنية في يونيو.[23] تمت ترقية خدمة وايلد بلو في عام 2007 باستخدام القمر الصناعي وايلدبلو-1، الذي تم إطلاقه في العام السابق.[24]

في عام 2005، استحوذت ڤياسات على إفشنت تشنل كودنگ، وهي شركة منتجة للدوائر المتكاملة للاتصالات ذات النطاق العريض وأنظمة الاتصالات عبر السواتل، والتي أتاحت لشركة ڤياسات الوصول إلى سوق النطاق العريض للسواتل IPStar.[25][9]كما استحوذت شركة ڤياسات على إنرداين، وهي شركة تكنولوجيا دفاعية، في عام 2006 مقابل استثمار أولي قدره 17 مليون دولار بإضافة معدات وصلة بيانات EnerLinks II للڤيديو إلى منتجات دفاع ڤياسات.[26][9]

استحوذت ڤياسات على جاست للنظم الهوائية، ومقرها في لوزان، سويسرا، في عام 2007. طورت جاست دوائر الميكروويف والهوائيات لتطبيقات السواتل الأرضية والمتنقلة.[27]

في 15 ديسمبر 2009، اشترت ڤياسات شركة وايلدبلو، ومقرها في كولورادو، مقابل 568 مليون دولار نقداً وأسهماً. جلبت وايلدبلو أيضاً قمرها وايلدبلو-1 وقدرتها على النطاق Ka على Telesat's Anik F2 وحوالي 75 مليون دولار نقداً وخسائر ضريبية 45 مليون دولار، مما رفع صافي سعر الشراء إلى حوالي 445 مليون دولار.[28]في عام 2010، اشترت شركة ڤياسات مجموعة Stonewood Group of دورست، إنگلترة، وهي شركة تشفير، مقابل 20 مليون دولار نقداً ورصيداً.[29]

في يناير 2013، أطلقت شركة ڤياسات حجر الأساس لتوسعها في دولوث، جورجيا، وهو ثاني أكبر موقع بعد المقر الرئيسي للشركة في كارلسباد، كاليفورنيا في ذلك الوقت.[بحاجة لمصدر] في عام 2015، افتتحت ڤياسات منشأة تبلغ مساحتها 116000 قدم مربع في حديقة أبحاث جامعة ولاية أريزونا في تمپي، أريزونا.[30]يركز حرم أريزونا على تصميم وتصنيع منتجات الرادار والاتصالات بالموجات الميكروية المتقدمة وأنظمة التردد اللاسلكي والأمن السيبراني.[31]في عام 2016، أعلنت شركة ڤياسات عن منشأة للبحث والتطوير في چناي، الهند.[32][33] في عام 2017، افتتحت ڤياسات الأرض في منشأة تبلغ مساحتها 80 ألف قدم مربع في موقع أطلس بالقرب من مركز تكساس إيه آند إم للعلوم الصحية في بريان، تكساس.[34][35] استحوذت ڤياسات أيضًا على لونوكلاود، وهي شركة تركز على برامج الشبكات السحابية، في عام 2013.[36][37][38]

في عام 2014، دخلت ڤياسات في شراكة مع الثريا للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية، وهي مشغل خدمات السواتل المتنقلة، لتوفير خدمات من آلة إلى آلة (M2M).[39]في نفس العام، دخلت ڤياسات في شراكة مع LightSquared للعمل على خدمات M2M في أجهزة المركبات والطيران.[40][41] Viasat also teamed with Southern California Edison to provide an easy transition into operational networks.[42] NetNearU based in Bryan/College Station, Texas was acquired in 2014. Focused on government and enterprise customers, NetNearU has a wifi management system called TRACKOS, a cloud-based software.[43][44][45] ViaSat acquired Gray Labs, a company that specialized in satellite-to-earth communications for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in July 2014.[46]

Viasat acquired network virtualization company Engreen in 2015 to enhance its Flexible Broadband System.[47][48] In March 2015, Viasat acquired EAI Design Services in order to add its Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) microprocessor design into satellite and cybersecurity projects.[49]

In 2016, Viasat acquired Arconics, an aviation software provider based in Dublin, Ireland. The company added 40 Arconics employees to its staff and expanded its software offerings as a result of the acquisition.[50]

In 2017, Viasat announced the intention to enter into a joint venture with the European satellite operator Eutelsat.[51] As part of the venture, the companies will jointly operate two new business entities with one owning and operating Eutelsat's KA-SAT satellite and wholesale broadband business and the other purchasing KA-SAT satellite-based capacity and marketing retail broadband internet services throughout Europe. Both businesses would be headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.[52] The companies aborted their joint venture plans in April 2018.

The company launched its third (previous satellites were ViaSat-1 and WildBlue-1) satellite, ViaSat-2 on June 1, 2017[53] and ViaSat-3, a high-capacity three satellite constellation, is expected to launch first satellite in 2020.[54]

In December 2020, Viasat acquired RigNet, a secure managed networking solutions and specialized applications developer.[55] RigNet will be incorporated into Viasat’s Global Enterprise and Mobility business unit, providing Viasat access to its digital transformation toolset, end-to-end managed communications, and connectivity service capabilities.[56]

In May 2021, Viasat appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit and requested a halt for SpaceX’s ongoing launches of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that power Starlink. Viasat alleged that the Federal Communications Commission's decision did not comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and said that SpaceX launches should be halted due to "environmental harms when satellites are taken out of orbit; light pollution that alters the night sky; [and] orbital debris." The FCC rejected these claims, and, on July 20, 2021, the judges ruled that SpaceX can keep launching broadband satellites.[57][58][59] In August, a group of astronomy professors informed the D.C. Circuit that permitting SpaceX to launch satellites without ordering an environmental review was "a mistake;" light pollution from the satellites in LEO negatively impacts astronomers' research.[60]

On November 8th, 2021, Viasat announced a $7.3bn deal to purchase Inmarsat for $850m in cash, approximately 46 million shares of Viasat stock and assumption of $3.4bn in debt.[61]


Satellites

In July 2013, Viasat was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission for Ka-band aeronautical earth stations.[62] Viasat operates resources on four satellites: ViaSat-1, WildBlue1, Anik-F2 and ViaSat-2.[63]

  • Anik-F2 was launched in 2004. It entered service June 2005 (used in testing before that). Its Ka-band resources are operated by ViaSat. The satellite itself belongs to Telesat.
  • WildBlue-1 was launched in December 2006 from Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana. It weighed 4,735 kilograms or 10,439 pounds.[64] WildBlue-1 became operational in early 2007.[65]
  • ViaSat-1: Space Systems/Loral built ViaSat-1 and it launched from Kazakhstan in October 2011 and entered service in January 2012.[7][66][8] ViaSat-1 covers the residential US with additional coverage in Hawaii, Canada and Alaska through a Ka-band connection.[7] ViaSat-1 runs on fixed beams trained on certain geographic areas.[67]
  • ViaSat-2 expanded the geographic range covered by ViaSat-1.[67] Viasat partnered with Boeing to build the ViaSat-2 satellite.[68] On July 1, 2017 ViaSat-2 was launched on an Ariane 5 rocket.[69][70] The coverage area will include Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, parts of northern South America and aeronautical and maritime routes across the Atlantic Ocean.[68][7] The satellite entered service February 2018.
  • ViaSat-3: In November 2015, Viasat announced that it was planning to order the first of three ViaSat-3 Ka-band satellites that would expand coverage globally with throughput capacity of one terabit per second for each of the satellites.[71] The company says the constellation, when complete, will have more capacity than the rest of the world's spacecraft combined.[72]
  • KA-SAT: In November 2020, Viasat purchased all remaining assets, including the KA-SAT, and ended its joint venture with Eutelsat. Viasat stated that it would begin prepping for ViaSat-3 Americas to launch in late 2021, followed by another ViaSat-3 covering Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in 2022.[73]

The ViaSat-3 constellation is expected to be in service by 2022.[74] In addition, there is a contract for a SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch for another ViaSat-3 class satellite, as well as a third satellite to be launched by United Launch Alliance within a similar timeframe.[54][75]

Viasat Internet

المقالة الرئيسية: Viasat Internet

Launched in 2012 under the Exede name, Viasat Internet is a broadband internet service that covers areas traditional terrestrial internet service providers do not reach.[76][77] In 2013, the Voice home service was introduced as a companion to the data service.[78][79][80] The company also distributes a business internet, initially called Exede Business, which was launched in 2014.[79][81]

Viasat's Exede Internet is powered by Viasat's ViaSat-1 satellite.[82][83][84][85] Initially the satellite broadband internet was launched as a response to the lack of coverage provided by terrestrial services.[85] The 12 Mbit/s service was faster than earlier satellite internet access options such as WildBlue which could reach 1.5 Mbit/s. In 2016, a 25 Mbit/s download speed was introduced in some areas, as well as a new modem supporting the new speed tier that includes an integrated Wi-Fi router and VoIP adapter.[86] In 2017, Viasat sunsetted the name Exede and rebranded as Viasat Internet.[87][88]

The internet service covers most of the continental U.S. and Hawaii.[83][89] Between 2012 and 2015, the Federal Communications Commission has reported that Viasat's Exede Internet met or surpassed advertised speeds. In the 2015 report, download speeds were just over 100% of advertised, while upload speeds topped 150% of advertised speeds.[90]

The long distance to the geosynchronous orbit used by Viasat increases latency to over 600 ms, over 10 times more than terrestrial or low Earth orbit systems like Starlink, rendering it much less competitive for applications like videoconferencing and video gaming.[91]

In-flight internet

In December 2013, Viasat launched its in-flight WiFi service on JetBlue.[92] The company has since expanded the service to other airlines including United Airlines, American Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Delta, El Al, Aeroméxico, JetBlue, and Qantas.[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]

International internet

In 2017, Viasat established a commercial agreement with Grupo Prosperist, a telecommunications service provider in Mexico, to deploy the Community Wi-Fi service. Community Wi-Fi utilizes a centralized hotspot in order to connect to a Viasat satellite and deliver affordable internet service to remote communities in Mexico. By 2019, Community Wi-Fi was now accessible to over one million people throughout Mexico.[101] Facebook also began investing in Community Wi-Fi in 2019 to continue providing high-speed, satellite-powered internet to rural locations across the world.[102][103]

In July 2020, Viasat launched a high-speed residential internet service for Brazil, using bandwidth from the Telebras SGDC-1 satellite. Its minimal infrastructure Wi-Fi service reached across eight states, including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Federal District, and Amazonas.[104]

Security systems

Eclypt hard drives and external USB drives produced by Viasat are encrypted to ensure that data stored cannot be retrieved if a computer or storage device is stolen. Eclypt drives are used by governments, military forces, and law enforcement agencies.[105]

Viasat Critical Infrastructure Security was introduced in 2013, designed to stop security breaches and monitor operation of grid networks using real-time intelligence.[106] The process adds encrypted sensors to the critical national infrastructure networks and monitors all abnormal activity through a security operations center.[107] Viasat is working in conjunction with Southern California Edison to enhance their critical infrastructure security systems through a funding from the U.S. Department of Energy meant to improve protection of the nation's electric grid and oil and gas infrastructure from cyber-attack.[108][109]

Government communications

Viasat also offers mobile two-way satellite broadband services to the United States Government.[110] Tactical communications for the US military involves tactical data, information assurance, and satellite communications. Tactical data links provide secure networking for voice and data. Information assurance for encryption devices allow for the transfer of classified data across public networks. Satellite communications give real-time intelligence for command and control functions.[111] The US government uses ArcLight technology over a managed private network that operates on Ku-band satellite links and can use the Yonder global satellite network as well.[62] The worldwide satellite broadband access that Viasat offers allows for airborne mobile broadband for en route communications. The company has an airborne mobility program for C-17 jets and encrypts the satellite to hub link connections for the government.[112] Viasat's Satellite Access Manager (SAM) supports Department of Defense missions through airborne intelligence for surveillance and reconnaissance operations. SAM increases bandwidth utilization and efficiency through real-time network monitoring systems for the ArcLight2 broadband terminals.[113]

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