ليتل روك، أركنسا

"Little Rock" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر Little Rock (توضيح).
ليتل روك، أركنسا
Little Rock, Arkansas
State capital city
City of Little Rock
Little Rock skyline
Clinton Presidential Library
Arkansas Razorbacks Football in War Memorial Stadium
Central High School
Arkansas State Capitol
River Market District
علم ليتل روك، أركنسا
Flag
الشعار الرسمي لـ ليتل روك، أركنسا
Logo
الكنية: 
The Rock, Rock Town, LR
Location within Pulaski County
Location within Pulaski County
Little Rock is located in Arkansas
Little Rock
Little Rock
Location within Arkansas
Little Rock is located in الولايات المتحدة
Little Rock
Little Rock
Location within the United States
Little Rock is located in أمريكا الشمالية
Little Rock
Little Rock
Little Rock (أمريكا الشمالية)
الإحداثيات: 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W / 34.73611°N 92.33111°W / 34.73611; -92.33111Coordinates: 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W / 34.73611°N 92.33111°W / 34.73611; -92.33111
Country الولايات المتحدة
State أركنساس
CountyPulaski
TownshipBig Rock
FoundedJune 1, 1821
Incorporated (town)November 7, 1831
Incorporated (city)November 2, 1835
السمِيْفرنسية: La Petite Roche
(The "Little Rock")
الحكومة
 • النوعCouncil-manager
 • MayorFrank Scott Jr. (D)
 • CouncilLittle Rock Board of Directors
المساحة
[1]
 • State capital city123٫00 ميل² (318٫58 كم²)
 • البر120٫05 ميل² (310٫92 كم²)
 • الماء2٫96 ميل² (7٫66 كم²)
 • العمران
4٬090٫34 ميل² (10٬593٫94 كم²)
المنسوب
335 ft (102 m)
التعداد
 (2020)
 • State capital city202٬591
 • الترتيبUS: 126th
 • الكثافة1٬687٫60/sq mi (651٫58/km2)
 • Urban
431٬388 (US: 89th)
 • العمرانية
738٬344 (US: 80th)
صفة المواطنLittle Rocker
منطقة التوقيتUTC−06:00 (CST)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
ZIP code(s)
72201-72207, 72209-72212, 72214-72217, 72219, 72221-72223, 72225, 72227, 72231, 72255, 72260, 72295
مفتاح الهاتف501
FIPS code05-41000
GNIS feature ID83350
Major airportClinton National Airport/Adams Field (LIT)
Interstate HighwaysInvalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I, Invalid type: I
Other major highwaysInvalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: US, Invalid type: AR
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.littlerock.gov

ليتل روك Little Rock, Arkansas، هي عاصمة ولاية أركنسا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وتقع على الضفة الغربية لنهر أركنسا. تأسست عام 1821 ويبلغ عدد سكانها 202,591 نسمة في تعداد عام 2020، حسب مكتب الإحصاء الأمريكي. As the county seat of Pulaski County, the city was incorporated on November 7, 1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the state's geographic center. The city derived its name from a rock formation along the river, named the "Little Rock" (French: La Petite Roche) by the French explorer Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe in 1722. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The six-county Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is ranked 78th in terms of population in the United States with 738,344 residents according to the 2017 estimate by the United States Census Bureau.[2][3]

Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Several cultural institutions are in Little Rock, such as the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, and the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center, in addition to hiking, boating, and other outdoor recreational opportunities. Little Rock's history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods of Little Rock like the Quapaw Quarter, and historic sites such as Little Rock Central High School. The city is the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm. Other corporations, such as Amazon, Dassault Falcon Jet, LM Wind Power, Simmons Bank, Euronet Worldwide, AT&T, and Entergy have large operations in the city. State government is a large employer, with many offices downtown. Two major Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, with the Port of Little Rock serving as a shipping hub.

وهي مقر لشركة أكسيوم. وهي عاصمة صناعة الدواجن في الولايات المتحدة، وأكبرهم شركة پوردو.

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أصل الاسم

Little Rock derives its name from a small rock formation on the south bank of the Arkansas River called the "Little Rock" (French: La Petite Roche). The Little Rock was used by early river traffic as a landmark and became a well-known river crossing. The Little Rock is across the river from The Big Rock, a large bluff at the edge of the river, which was once used as a rock quarry.[4]


التاريخ

Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. The early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, and Cherokee.

Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark.[5] It was named in 1722 by French explorer and trader Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, marked the transition from the flat Mississippi Delta region to the Ouachita Mountain foothills. Travelers referred to the area as the "Little Rock". Though there was an effort to officially name the city "Arkopolis" upon its founding in the 1820s, and that name did appear on a few maps made by the US Geological Survey, the name Little Rock is eventually what stuck.[6][7][8]

The skyline of Little Rock, viewed from the north bank of the Arkansas River

الجغرافيا

Little Rock is located at 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W / 34.73611°N 92.33111°W / 34.73611; -92.33111 (34.736009, −92.331122).[9]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 116.8 square miles (303 km2), of which 116.2 square miles (301 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) (0.52%) is water.

Little Rock is on the south bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river. The western part of the city is in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, which provides Little Rock's drinking water.

The city of North Little Rock is just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock. An Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6, 1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock. The merged town quickly renamed itself Argenta (the local name for the former 8th Ward), but returned to its original name in October 1917.[10]

المناخ

درجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى في ليتل روك
Temperature averages for each month.
Rainfall averages for each month.
مؤشرات الرطوبة لكل شهر.
سرعات الرياح في مختلف الشهور.
متوسط هطول الثلوج لكل شهر.
Average percentage of sun during the day.
بيانات مناخ ليتل روك
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 49.5
(9.72) 		55.6
(13.11) 		64.2
(17.89) 		72.9
(22.72) 		81.0
(27.22) 		89.0
(31.67) 		92.8
(33.78) 		92.1
(33.39) 		85.1
(29.5) 		75.1
(23.94) 		62.0
(16.67) 		52.5
(11.39) 		72٫7
(22٫61)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 30.8
(-0.67) 		34.8
(1.56) 		42.6
(5.89) 		50.0
(10) 		59.2
(15.11) 		67.8
(19.89) 		72.0
(22.22) 		70.5
(21.39) 		63.6
(17.56) 		51.5
(10.83) 		41.5
(5.28) 		33.9
(1.06) 		51٫5
(10٫83)
هطول inches (mm) 3.61
(91.7) 		3.33
(84.6) 		4.88
(124) 		5.47
(138.9) 		5.05
(128.3) 		3.95
(100.3) 		3.31
(84.1) 		2.93
(74.4) 		3.71
(94.2) 		4.25
(108) 		5.73
(145.5) 		4.71
(119.6) 		50٫93
(1٬293٫6)
سقوط الثلج inches (cm) 2.0
(5.1) 		1.3
(3.3) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.3
(0.8) 		0.1
(0.3) 		4٫3
(10٫9)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.6 8.3 10.0 9.7 10.6 9.2 8.3 6.5 7.9 7.5 9.0 9.7 106٫3
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.1 .8 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .3 .3 2٫8
Source: NCDC [11]


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الحكومة

التوزيع السكاني

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18502٬167—
18603٬72772�0%
187012٬380232٫2%
188013٬1386٫1%
189025٬87496٫9%
190038٬30748٫1%
191045٬94119٫9%
192065٬14241٫8%
193081٬67925٫4%
194088٬0397٫8%
1950102٬21316٫1%
1960107٬8135٫5%
1970132٬48322٫9%
1980159٬15120٫1%
1990175٬79510٫5%
2000183٬1334٫2%
2010193٬5245٫7%
2020202٬5914٫7%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]

تعداد 2020

Little Rock Racial Composition[13]
العرق # %
White 85,401 42.15%
Black or African American 81,339 40.15%
Native American 497 0.25%
Asian 7,099 3.5%
Pacific Islander 69 0.03%
Other/Mixed 7,719 3.81%
Hispanic or Latino 20,467 10.1%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 202,591 people, 80,063 households, and 45,577 families residing in the city.

الاقتصاد

Downtown Little Rock

Dillard's Department Stores, Windstream Communications and Acxiom, Simmons Bank, Bank of the Ozarks, Rose Law Firm, Central Flying Service and large brokerage Stephens Inc. are headquartered in Little Rock. Large companies headquartered in other cities but with a large presence in Little Rock are Dassault Falcon Jet near Little Rock National Airport in the eastern part of the city, Fidelity National Information Services in northwestern Little Rock, and Welspun Corp in Southeast Little Rock. Little Rock and its surroundings are the headquarters for some of the world's largest nonprofit organizations, such as Winrock International, Heifer International, the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, Clinton Foundation, Lions World Services for the Blind, Clinton Presidential Center, Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation, FamilyLife, Audubon Arkansas, and The Nature Conservancy. Associations, such as the American Taekwondo Association, Arkansas Hospital Association, and the Quapaw Quarter Association. Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, Baptist Health Medical Center, Entergy, Dassault Falcon Jet, Siemens, AT&T Mobility, Kroger, Euronet Worldwide, L'Oréal, Timex, and UAMS are employers throughout Little Rock. One of the largest public employers in the state with over 10,552 employees, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and its healthcare partners—Arkansas Children's Hospital and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System—have a total economic impact in Arkansas of about $5 billion per year. UAMS receives less than 11% of its funding from the state. Its operation is funded by payments for clinical services (64%), grants and contracts (18%), philanthropy and other (5%), and tuition and fees (2%). The Little Rock port is an intermodal river port with a large industrial business complex. It is designated as Foreign Trade Zone 14. International corporations such as Danish manufacturer LM Glasfiber have established new facilities adjacent to the port.

Along with Louisville and Memphis, Little Rock has a branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis.[14]

الفنون والثقافة

انظر أيضاً: ثقافة أركنسا

Cultural sites in Little Rock include the following.

  • Arkansas Arboretum – at Pinnacle Mountain, it has a trail with flora and tree plantings.
  • Arkansas Arts Center – The state's largest art museum, containing drawings, collections, children's theater productions, works by Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and others in eight art galleries, a museum school, gift shop and restaurant.
  • Community Theatre of Little Rock – Founded in 1956, it is the area's oldest performance art company.[بحاجة لمصدر]
  • Arkansas Repertory Theatre – The state's largest professional, not-for-profit theatre company, in its 34th season. "The Rep" produces works such as contemporary comedies, dramas, world premiers, and dramatic literature.
  • Arkansas Symphony Orchestra[15] – In its 41st season, the orchestra performs over 30 concerts a year and many events.[بحاجة لمصدر]
  • Heifer International – Headquarters of the global hunger and poverty relief organization, adjacent to the Clinton Presidential Center
  • Quapaw Quarter – Start of the 20th century Little Rock consists of three National Register historic districts with at least a hundred buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • Robinson Center Music Hall – The main performance center of the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra.
  • Wildwood Park for the Arts – The largest park dedicated to the performing arts in the South. It features seasonal festivals and cultural events.

المتاحف

William J. Clinton Presidential Library, in downtown Little Rock
  • The Arkansas Arts Center, the state's largest cultural institution, is a museum of art and an active center for the visual and performing arts.
  • The Museum of Discovery features hands-on exhibits in the fields of science, history and technology.
  • The William J. Clinton Presidential Center includes the Clinton presidential library and the offices of the Clinton Foundation and the Clinton School of Public Service. The Library facility, designed by architect James Polshek, cantilevers over the Arkansas River, echoing Clinton's campaign promise of "building a bridge to the 21st century". The archives and library have 2 million photographs, 80 million pages of documents, 21 million e-mail messages, and nearly 80,000 artifacts from the Clinton presidency. The museum within the library showcases artifacts from Clinton's term and has a full-scale replica of the Clinton-era Oval Office. Opened on November 18, 2004, the Clinton Presidential Center cost $165 million to construct and covers 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) within a 28-acre (113,000 m2) park.
  • The Historic Arkansas Museum is a regional history museum focusing primarily on the frontier time period.
  • The MacArthur Museum of Arkansas Military History opened in 2001, the last remaining structure of the original Little Rock Arsenal and one of the oldest buildings in central Arkansas, it was the birthplace of General Douglas MacArthur who went on to be the supreme commander of US forces in the South Pacific during World War II.
  • The Old State House Museum is a former state capitol building now home to a history museum focusing on Arkansas's recent history.
  • The Mosaic Templars Cultural Center is a nationally accredited, state-funded museum and cultural center focusing on African American history and culture in Arkansas.
  • The ESSE Purse Museum illustrates the stories of American women's lives during the 1900s through their handbags and the day-to-day items carried in them


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التعليم

President Bill Clinton led celebrations of the 40th anniversary of desegregation at Little Rock Central High School.

المكتبات العامة

الصحة

الثقافة

التسوق

الرياضة

النادي الاتحاد الملعب تأسس البطولات
Arkansas Travelers Texas League Dickey-Stephens Park 1895 9
Arkansas Diamonds Indoor Football League Verizon Arena 2000 0
Arkansas-Little Rock Trojans NCAA–Sun Belt Conference Jack Stephens Center 1927 3
Arkansas-Little Rock Trojans NCAA–Sun Belt Conference Gary Hogan Field 1927 0
Arkansas Rhinos North American Football League Mills High School 2000 1

النقل

الطرق

Little Rock's downtown River Rail Streetcar

البرى

الجوي

البحري

الاعلام

الموسيقى

المدن الشقيقة

Little Rock's sister cities are:[16]

انظر أيضا

المصادر

  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  2. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved 2014-06-21.
  3. ^ "Census shows overall state population up 9.1 percent". Arkansasonline.com. 2011-02-10. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  4. ^ "Our Historical City". City of Little Rock. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  5. ^ "Colorful Names". Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. Archived from the original on November 24, 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. ^ "The Hyde Park Historical Record". Hyde Park Historical Society. December 29, 2017. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ Williams, C. Fred (December 29, 2017). Historic Little Rock: An Illustrated History. HPN Books. ISBN 9781893619821. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2020 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Herndon, Dallas Tabor (1922). The High Lights of Arkansas History. Arkansas History commission. p. 37 – via Internet Archive. arkopolis little rock.
  9. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  10. ^ Bradbury, Cary (2007-11-14). "North Little Rock (Pulaski County)". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-15.
  11. ^ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on October 3, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  14. ^ "Little Rock Branch | Regional Executive Robert Hopkins". St. Louis Fed. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  15. ^ "arkansassymphony.org". arkansassymphony.org. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  16. ^ "Sister Cities". littlerock.gov. City of Little Rock. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  • Gailiano, Amanda. "Lets Get Historical - Early Arkansas." About.com Cities and Towns 19 April 2006. [1]
  • City-Data.com. "Average Climate in Little Rock, Arkansas." [2]

قراءات إضافية

  • Morgan, James. "Little Rock: The 2005 American Heritage Great American Place" American Heritage, October 2005.
  • Greater Little Rock: a contemporary portrait, Letha Mills, 1990
  • The Atlas of Arkansas, Richard M. Smith 1989
  • Cities in the U.S.; The South, Fourth Edition, Volume 1, Linda Schmittroth, 2001
  • Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940-1970, John A. Kirk, 2002.
  • How We Lived: Little Rock as an American City, Frederick Hampton Roy, 1985

وصلات خارجية

ثقافية

أخرى

قالب:Little Rock, Arkansas

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