لالش

Lalish Laliş Lalişa Nûranî
Sacred place
القباب المخروطية فوق قبر عدي بن مسافر في لالش
Lalish الموقع في كردستان العراق
الإحداثيات: 36°46′17.03″N 43°18′12.04″E
Country	العراق
الإقليم	كردستان العراق كردستان العراق
المحافظة	نينوى
القضاء	قضاء شيخان
المنسوب	861 m (2٬825 ft)

لالش هي موقع مقدس لدى اليزيديين يقع في منطقة جبلية قرب عين سفني حوالي 60كم شمال غرب مدينة الموصل في شمال العراق، تقع فيها معبد لالش النوراني و قبر الشيخ عدي بن مسافر المقدس لدى أتباع الديانة كما انها مقر المجلس الروحاني للديانة الإيزيدية في العالم. حيث يحج الايزيديون مرة واحدة خلال حياتهم على الأقل إلى لالش حيث يستمر الحج مدة ستة أيام. أما الايزيديون القاطنون في المنطقة قيقومون بحج سنوي خلال فصل الخريف من 23 سبتمبر وحتى 1 أكتوبر.

The temple is above the town of Shekhan, which had the second largest population of Yazidi prior to the persecution of Yazidis by ISIL. The temple is about sixty kilometers north of Mosul and 14 kilometers west from the village Ayn Sifna. The temple is built at about 861 meters above sea level and situated among three mountains, Hizrat in the west, Misat in the south and Arafat in the north.

القباب المخروطية فوق قبر عدي بن مسافر في لالش

At least once in their lifetimes, Yazidis are expected to make a six-day pilgrimage to Lalish to visit the tomb of Şêx Adî and other sacred places. These other sacred places are shrines dedicated to other holy beings. There are two sacred springs called Zamzam and the Kaniya Spî (White Spring). Below Sheikh Adi's sanctuary, which also includes the tomb of Sheikh Hesen is situated a cave.

Lalish is also the location of pirrā selāt (Ṣerāṭ Bridge) and a mountain called Mt. ʿErefāt which has sites significant in other faiths. Yazidis living in the region are also expected to make a yearly pilgrimage to attend the autumn seven-day Feast of the Assembly, which is celebrated between 6th and 13th of October.

It has been located in the Shekhan District since 1991.

 تاريخ

Pilgrims and worshippers at the shrine of Xatûna Fexra in Lalish, with the Micewir of the shrine, Sheikh Mirza (second from left), mid-2019.

The portico of the sanctuary of Lalish, showing carved Yezidi symbols

In the early 12th century, Adi ibn Mosāfer moved to Lalish. Adi died in 1162 and was buried. During a major campaign by the governor of Mosul against the Yazidi in 1415, the tomb of Adi was razed.

The Lalish valley was annexed in 1892 by the surrounding Muslim tribes under the leadership of Ottomans, the mausoleum of Yezidi saints were looted and damaged and the Lalish Temple was converted into a Quranic school. The occupation of the temple eventually led to a fierce and widespread rebellion by Yezidis of Shekhan and Shingal against the Ottomans and the neighbouring Muslim Kurdish tribes. It was not until 1904 that the Ezidis, under the leadership of Mir Ali Beg, succeeded in forcibly recovering their temple and driving out the Muslim occupiers.

Shrine of Shekh Shems, saint of the Sun, at Lalish

Beginning on 3 August 2014, Yazidi refugees fled from Sinjar and took shelter in the temple after the militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant attacked and captured Sinjar and its environs. When some 50,000 Yezidis trapped on Sinjar Mountain were freed by way of a land corridor opened by the Peoples's Protection Units (YPG) and Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), the majority fled through Syria and circled around the north of the Sinjar mountain range to reach Lalish and Shekhan in Kurdistan Region.

 انظر أيضاً

• Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
• Yazidi Black Book
• Yazidism
• Yazidis in Iraq
• List of Yazidi holy places