قائمة التلسكوبات الشمسية

This is a list of solar telescopes built in various countries around the world. A solar telescope is a specialized telescope that is used to observe the Sun.

This list contains ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in chronological order. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

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Existing large solar telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Year(s) Location Country(s) Note
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) Haleakala Observatory 2017.jpg 400 cm[1] 2019-[2] Maui, Hawaii, USA  الولايات المتحدة First light early December 2019,[3] first routine scientific observations season planned for 2021[4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST) - 180 cm 2019 - Western part of China Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين First light 10 December 2019[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory Solar Telescope GREGOR.jpg 150 cm 2012– Tenerife, Spain Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا [6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory GST dome.jpg 160 cm 2008– California, United States  الولايات المتحدة Located in a lake.
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory - 100 cm 2010– Yunnan, China Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين 100 cm vacuum solar telescope[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory BST1-CrAO Crimea Ukraine.JPG 90 cm 1954– Crimea -
Multi-purpose automated solar telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory[8] - 80 cm – Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia Flag of Russia.svg روسيا Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory[9] Большой Солнечный Вакуумный Телескоп (БСВТ).jpg 76 cm 1980– Irkutsk_Oblast, Russia Flag of Russia.svg روسيا Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University - 3x27,5 cm 2010– Nanjing, China Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.[10]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,[11] NAO - Rozhen - 100 cm 2005– Rozhen, Bulgaria  بلغاريا
Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope[12](SST), ORM Swedish Solar Telescope.jpg 100 cm 2002– La Palma, Spain Flag of Sweden.svg السويد
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO) PVSO Dome.jpg 35 cm 1999– Texas, USA  الولايات المتحدة
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), ORM Dutch Open Telescope dome closed.jpg 45 cm 1997– La Palma, Spain Flag of the Netherlands.svg هولندا
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Obs. Teide Observatorium THEMIS.jpg 90 cm 1996– Tenerife, Spain Flag of Italy.svg إيطاليا and Flag of France.svg فرنسا
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT),[13] Teide Obs. Teide Observatorium VTT.jpg 70 cm 1989– Tenerife, Spain Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope[14] (ja) - 60 cm 1979– Takayama, Gifu, Japan Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان
Udaipur Solar Observatory
MAST
Full Disk H-alpha Telescope
H-alpha Spar Telescope
Coudé Telescope		 Udaipur observatory.jpg
50 cm
15 cm
25 cm
15 cm		 1976– Udaipur, India Flag of India.png الهند
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak National solar observatory.jpg 76 cm 1969– Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA  الولايات المتحدة
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon Solar Observatory Tower Meudon Spectrograph.jpeg 60 cm 1968– Meudon, France Flag of France.svg فرنسا
McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, KPO McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope.jpg 161 cm 1961– Arizona, USA  الولايات المتحدة Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory - 15 cm 1961– Nainital, India Flag of India.png الهند
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory Kodaikanal Solar Observatory-b.jpg 61 cm (24 in) 1958–[15] Kodaikanal, India Flag of India.png الهند
45-cm-Turmteleskop - 45 cm 1943- Schauinsland, Germany Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا
Gregory Coudé Telescope
IRSOL observatory.jpg
45 cm 1959- Locarno, Switzerland Flag of Switzerland.svg سويسرا Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss[16] - 45 cm 1930– Tokyo, Japan Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان
Einsteinturm Einsteinturm 7443.jpg 60 cm 1924– Potsdam, Germany Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا
150-foot tower,[1] Mount Wilson Observatory The 150-Foot Solar Tower Observatory on Mt. Wilson as seen from near the base.jpg 35 cm (24") 1912– California, USA  الولايات المتحدة
Snow Solar Telescope,[17] Mount Wilson Observatory - 61 cm (24") 1904– California, USA  الولايات المتحدة first solar tower telescope
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory Kodaikanal Solar Observatory-a.jpg 20 cm 1901– Kodaikanal, India Flag of India.png الهند (1947- )
Flag of the United Kingdom.png المملكة المتحدة (1901–1950)


Former solar telescopes after 1900

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Year(s) Location Country(s) Note
pt (Solar-T) - 2x7.6 cm 2016 Antarctica Flag of Brazil.svg البرازيل [18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, ORM - 47.5 cm 1985–2000 La Palma, Spain Flag of Sweden.svg السويد Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)[19] 45 cm[1] 1984–2002 Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002) Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا Replaced by GREGOR
Evans Solar Facility (ESF),[20] Sacramento Peak 40 cm 1953–2014 Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA  الولايات المتحدة Also a coronagraph
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope, Zeiss 1942) 2x15 cm
11 cm		 1942–2004 Göttingen, Germany Flag of Germany.svg ألمانيا 65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 61 cm (24") 1941–1979 Michigan, USA  الولايات المتحدة Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 40 cm 1936–1979 Michigan, USA  الولايات المتحدة
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 26.7 cm (10.5") 1930–1941 Michigan, USA  الولايات المتحدة Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri solar tower Osservatorio di arcetri, telescopio 01.JPG 37 cm 1925-2006 Arcetri, Italy Flag of Italy.svg إيطاليا

Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.

Potential future solar telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Status Location Country(s) Note
COronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)[21] - 150 cm proposed Hawaii, USA  الولايات المتحدة
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) - 200 cm proposed[22] Merak Village, Ladakh, India Flag of India.png الهند
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST)[23] - 500–800 cm planned Western part of China Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين
European Solar Telescope (EST)[24] - 400+ cm planned Canary Islands 15 European countries[25]


Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm[26][27]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت "Big Bear Solar Observatory - Large Solar Telescopes".
  2. ^ "Welcome to the DKIST | DKIST".
  3. ^ Witze, A. (29 January 2020). "World's most powerful solar telescope is up and running". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00224-z.
  4. ^ "Cycle 1 Proposal Call Announcement". NSO/DKIST. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  5. ^ "First light of the 1.8-m solar telescope–CLST". SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  6. ^ GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg
  7. ^ http://www.iau.org/static/scientific_meetings/iau_ga_2012/speeches/su_ding_qiang.pdf
  8. ^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
  9. ^ http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
  10. ^ Hao, Q.; Guo, Y.; Dai, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Y.; Fang, C. (2012). "Understanding the white-light flare on 2012 March 9: Evidence of a two-step magnetic reconnection". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: L17. arXiv:1211.1751. Bibcode:2012A&A...544L..17H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219941.
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2015-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope Archived 2008-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-26. Retrieved 2009-02-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ "The Domeless Solar Telescope".
  15. ^ "I.S. Glass's home page".
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2014-08-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ "Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope".
  18. ^ "THz Solar Observations on Board of a Trans-Antarctic Stratospheric Balloon Flight" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Aug 2021. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ https://nsosp.nso.edu/esf
  21. ^ http://www.cosmo.ucar.edu/
  22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2010-09-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ Y. Y. Deng (21 March 2011). "Introduction to the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope" (PDF). www.ncra.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Home".
  25. ^ http://www.astro-east.org/
  26. ^ Sky & Telescope: David Lunt (1942-2005)
  27. ^ David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
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