طرطرات الپوتاسيوم صوديوم
-tartrate.png)
| |
| |
| الأسماء | |
|---|---|
| اسم أيوپاك
Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate
| |
| أسماء أخرى
E337; Seignette's salt; Rochelle salt
| |
| Identifiers | |
| رقم CAS | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.132.041 
|
| رقم EC |
|
| E number | E337 (antioxidants, ...) |
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| InChI | InChI={{{value}}} |
| SMILES | |
| الخصائص | |
| الصيغة الجزيئية | KNaC4H4O6·4H2O |
| كتلة مولية | 282.1 g/mol |
| المظهر | large colorless monoclinic needles |
| الرائحة | odorless |
| الكثافة | 1.79 g/cm³ |
| نقطة الانصهار | |
| نقطة الغليان | |
| قابلية الذوبان في الماء | 26 g / 100 mL (0 ℃); 66 g / 100 mL (26 ℃) |
| قابلية الذوبان في ethanol | insoluble |
| البنية | |
| البنية البلورية | orthorhombic |
| مركبات ذا علاقة | |
مركـّبات ذات علاقة
|
Acid potassium tartrate; Aluminum tartrate; Ammonium tartrate; Calcium tartrate; Metatartaric acid; Potassium antimonyl tartrate; Potassium tartrate; Sodium ammonium tartrate; Sodium tartrate |
ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
| |
| مراجع الجدول | |
طرطرات الصوديوم والپوتاسيوم مركب كيميائي له الصيغة KNaC4H4O6·4H2O ، ويسمى ملح روشل ، وهو ملح مضاعف لكل من الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم لحمض الطرطريك. وقد حضره لأول مرة (في 1675) الصيدلي پيير سينيت، في لا روشل، فرنسا. Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.[3] This property led to its extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th Century. Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more. Rochelle salt is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.
It has been used medicinally as a laxative. It has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors. It is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars). It is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper (similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics).[2]
In organic synthesis, it is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used.[4] Sodium Potassium tartrate is also important in the food industry. [5]
It is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration. This ingredient maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التحضير
The starting material is tartar with a minimum tartaric acid content 68 %. This is first dissolved in water or in the mother liquor of a previous batch. It is then saponified with hot caustic soda to pH 8, decolorized with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered. The filtrate is evaporated to 42 °Bé at 100 °C, and passed to granulators in which Seignette's salt crystallizes on slow cooling. The salt is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, accompanied by washing of the granules, and is dried in a rotary furnace and sieved before packaging. Commercially marketed grain sizes range from 2000 μm to < 250 μm (powder).[2]
Larger crystals of Rochelle salt have been grown under conditions of reduced gravity and convection on board Skylab .[6]
انضغاطية التكهرب
In 1824, Sir David Brewster demonstrated piezoelectric effects using Rochelle salts,[7] which led to him naming the effect pyroelectricity.[8]
In 1919, Alexander McLean Nicolson worked with Rochelle salt developing audio related inventions like microphones and speakers at Bell Labs.[9]
الهامش
- ^ David R. Lide, ed. (2010), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.), CRC Press, pp. 4–83
- ^ أ ب ت Jean-Maurice Kassaian (2007), "Tartaric Acid", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.), Wiley, pp. 1–8, doi:
- ^ Newnham, R.E.; Cross, L. Eric (November 2005). "Ferroelectricity: The Foundation of a Field from Form to Function". MRS Bulletin. 30 (11): 845–846. doi:10.1557/mrs2005.272.
- ^ Fieser, L. F.; Fieser, M., Reagents for Organic Synthesis; Vol.1; Wiley: New York; 1967, p. 983
- ^ "Rochelle Salt applications".
- ^ "SP-401 Skylab, Classroom in Space". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
- ^ "A Short History of Ferroelectricity" (PDF). groups.ist.utl.pt. 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2016-05-04.
- ^ Brewster, David (1824). "Observations of the pyro-electricity of minerals". The Edinburgh Journal of Science. 1: 208–215.
- ^ url = https://sites.google.com/view/rochellesalt/home