توبوليف تو-104

 توبوليف تو-104
صورة معبرة عن الموضوع توبوليف تو-104
النوع طائرة خطوط
بلد الأصل Flag of Russia.svg روسيا
الصانع توبوليف
سنة الصنع 1956:1960
الكمية المصنوعة 200
طورت من توبوليف تو-16
سيرة طائرة
دخول الخدمة 15 سبتمبر 1956
أول طيران 17 يونيو 1955
انتهاء الخدمة 1986
الوضع الحالي متقاعدة
المستخدم الأساسي إيروفلوت
تعديل طالع توثيق القالب

توبوليف تو-104 (تعريف الناتو: جمل) كانت طائرة تجارية توربينية ثنائية المحرك متوسطة المدي. وهي أول طائرة تجارية توربينية ناحجة عالميا. بالرغم من أنها كانت رابع طائرة تجارية يتم إطلاقها، إلا أنها كانت الثانية في دخول الخدمة العامة (مع إيروفلوت) والأولى التي تقدم خدمة ناجحة ومستمرة. بين عامي 1956 و 1958 كانت تو-104 هي طائرة الركاب النفاثة الوحيدة في الخدمة.

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Former operators

CSA Czechoslovak Airlines Tupolev Tu-104A at Arlanda Airport in 1971.
 تشيكوسلوڤاكيا
 منغوليا
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg الاتحاد السوڤيتي


Accidents and incidents

According to the American Flight Safety Foundation, between 1958 and 1981, 16 Tu-104s were lost in crashes out of 37 aircraft written off (hull loss rate = 18%) with a total of 1140 fatalities.[1]

Date Tail number Aircraft type Location Casualties Description Refs
19 February 1958 CCCP-Л5414 Tu-104 الاتحاد السوڤيتيSavasleyka &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00/3 Force-landed short of the runway after running out of fuel following a diversion. [2]
15 August 1958 CCCP-Л5442 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيChita &&&&&&&&&&&&&064.&&&&&064/64 Aeroflot Flight 4 stalled, spun down and crashed after entering an updraft at 12,000 m (39,000 ft). [3][4]
17 October 1958 CCCP-42362 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيKanash &&&&&&&&&&&&&080.&&&&&080/80 A flight carrying high-level delegations crashed when it entered a dive and crashed after entering an updraft at 12,000 m (39,000 ft). The Tu-104 was limited to 9,000 m (30,000 ft) and the tail modified in the wake of this accident. [5]
20 October 1960 CCCP-42452 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيUst-Orda &&&&&&&&&&&&&&03.&&&&&03/68 Aeroflot Flight 5 struck sloping terrain and crashed while the pilot was checking the landing lights. [6][7]
1 February 1961 CCCP-42357 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيVladivostok &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Overran runway after landing too late. [8]
16 March 1961 CCCP-42438 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيnear Koltsovo &&&&&&&&&&&&&&07.&&&&&07/51 Aeroflot Flight 68 force-landed on a frozen pond following double engine failure. Two people on the ground also died when a house was struck by the aircraft. [9][10]
10 July 1961 CCCP-42447 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيOdessa &&&&&&&&&&&&&&01.&&&&&01/94 Aeroflot Flight 381 crashed after entering downdrafts while landing in bad weather. [11][12]
17 September 1961 CCCP-42388 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيTashkent &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Heavy landing; written off. [13]
2 November 1961 CCCP-42504 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيVladivostok &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Struck a radio antenna while on approach and force-landed in a field following engine failure. [14]
4 June 1962 CCCP-42491 Tu-104B بلغارياSofia &&&&&&&&&&&&&&05.&&&&&05/5 Struck a mountain following engine failure. [15]
30 June 1962 CCCP-42370 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيKrasnoyarsk Krai &&&&&&&&&&&&&084.&&&&&084/84 Aeroflot Flight 902 crashed after it was accidentally shot down by a missile. [16]
3 September 1962 CCCP-42366 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتي Khabarovsk &&&&&&&&&&&&&086.&&&&&086/86 Aeroflot Flight 3 lost control at 4,500 m (14,800 ft) while climbing. Although the cause was not determined, issues with the autopilot were blamed. An accidental shoot-down by a missile was also theorized. [17][18]
25 October 1962 CCCP-42495 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيSheremetyevo &&&&&&&&&&&&&011.&&&&&011/11 Crashed on takeoff during a test flight due to cross-connected rudder controls. [19]
16 March 1963 OK-LDB Tu-104A الهندSanta Cruz Airport غير معروف Caught fire while being refueled. [20]
18 May 1963 CCCP-42483 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيLeningrad &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Stalled on approach and crashed. [21]
13 July 1963 CCCP-42492 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيnear Irkutsk Airport &&&&&&&&&&&&&033.&&&&&033/35 Aeroflot Flight 12 crashed short of the runway due to incorrect instrument readings. Water entered the instrument wiring, causing a short circuit. [22][23]
9 June 1964 CCCP-42476 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيNovosibirsk غير معروف Overshot runway in heavy rain during second landing attempt. [24]
28 April 1969 CCCP-42436 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيIrkutsk غير معروف Landed 600 m (2,000 ft) short of runway; written off. [25]
1 June 1970 OK-NDD Tu-104A ليبياTripoli &&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013/13 Crashed short of the runway after the pilot attempted an approach to runway 36. [26]
25 July 1971 CCCP-42405 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيIrkutsk &&&&&&&&&&&&&097.&&&&&097/126 Aeroflot Flight 1912 landed 150 m (490 ft) short of the runway; breaking off the left wing. The aircraft rolled to the left and caught fire. [27][28]
10 October 1971 CCCP-42490 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيVnukovo &&&&&&&&&&&&&025.&&&&&025/25 Aeroflot Flight 773 crashed shortly after takeoff after an explosion occurred while climbing through 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The explosion damaged the fuselage and destroyed flight controls. Control was lost and the aircraft rolled right and entered a descent until it struck the ground. The explosion was caused by a bomb placed between the cabin wall and a passenger seat in the rear of the cabin near frame 45. [29][30]
19 March 1972 CCCP-42408 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيOmsk &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Struck a snow wall short of the runway during the fifth landing attempt. [31]
24 April 1973 CCCP-42505 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيLeningrad &&&&&&&&&&&&&&02.&&&&&02/57 Hijacked by a passenger who demanded to be taken to Sweden. The crew returned to Leningrad. While the landing gear was lowered, the hijacker set off a bomb, killing himself and the flight engineer. The bomb blew a hole in the fuselage, but the aircraft was able to land safely. [32][33]
18 May 1973 СССР-42379 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيBuryat ASSR &&&&&&&&&&&&&082.&&&&&082/82 Aeroflot Flight 109 was hijacked by a passenger who demanded to be taken to China. A bomb that the hijacker had put on board the aircraft detonated at 30,000 ft (9,100 m) and the aircraft lost control and crashed east of Lake Baikal. [34][35]
29 August 1973 OK-MDE Tu-104A قبرصNicosia &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00/70 CSA Flight 531 veered off the runway after landing after the pilot failed to stop the aircraft in time. The wreckage remains at the airport site to this day. [36]
30 September 1973 CCCP-42506 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيSverdlovsk &&&&&&&&&&&&0108.&&&&&0108/108 Aeroflot Flight 3932 crashed shortly after takeoff due to a power failure of the artificial horizons. [37]
13 October 1973 CCCP-42486 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيDomodedovo &&&&&&&&&&&&0122.&&&&&0122/122 Aeroflot Flight 964 crashed while on approach following a power failure to the compass system and main gyros and resulting loss of control. The crash is the worst involving the Tu-104. [38]
7 December 1973 CCCP-42503 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيnear Moscow &&&&&&&&&&&&&016.&&&&&016/75 Aeroflot Flight 964 crashed after a wing struck the ground after coming in too fast. [39][40]
5 November 1974 CCCP-42501 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيChita &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Overran the runway on landing and came to rest against a railway embankment. [41]
30 August 1975 CCCP-42472 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيTolmachevo Airport &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Right landing gear collapsed following a heavy landing. [42]
9 February 1976 CCCP-42327 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيIrkutsk &&&&&&&&&&&&&024.&&&&&024/115 Aeroflot Flight 3739 crashed after banking to the right while climbing for takeoff and entering a descent. Debris from the aircraft struck a North Korean Tu-154 that had just landed. Although the official cause of the accident was loss of control caused by crosswinds, improper fueling (too much fuel on one side) and pilot error were also theorized. [43][44]
17 July 1976 CCCP-42335 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيChita Airport &&&&&&&&&&&&&&00.&&&&&00 Failed to take off and crashed due to overloading. [45]
28 November 1976 CCCP-42471 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيnear Sheremetyevo &&&&&&&&&&&&&072.&&&&&072/72 Aeroflot Flight 2415 lost control and crashed following artificial horizon failure and resulting crew disorientation. [46][47]
1976 CCCP-42371 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيBorispol Airport غير معروف Crashed short of the runway after the engines were shut down in flight. [48]
13 January 1977 CCCP-42369 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيAlma-Ata &&&&&&&&&&&&&096.&&&&&096/96 Aeroflot Flight 3843 exploded in mid-air due to an engine fire. [49][50]
17 March 1979 CCCP-42444 Tu-104B الاتحاد السوڤيتيnear Moscow &&&&&&&&&&&&&058.&&&&&058/119 While operating as Aeroflot Flight 1691, the crew encountered a false fire alarm from engine during takeoff and turned back to Vnukovo. The plane crashed while attempting to return to the airport. Aeroflot removed the Tu-104 from service following this accident. [51]
7 February 1981 CCCP-42332 Tu-104A الاتحاد السوڤيتيPushkin &&&&&&&&&&&&&051.&&&&&051/51 Soviet Navy flight; failed to take off due to shifting cargo. All military Tu-104's were grounded following this accident. [52]
Wreckage of the Czechoslovak Airlines Tupolev Tu-104 (OK-MDE) near Nicosia airport (2015)
Tupoljev Tu-104.svg


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Specifications (Tu-104B)

البيانات من Gordon and Rigmant[53][54]

السمات العامة

الأداء

See also

تطورات ذات صلة

طائرات شبيهة

قوائم ذات صلة

المراجع

  1. ^ Tu 104 statistics
  2. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  3. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  4. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104А МУТА ГВФ в 215 км от а/п Хабаровск" [Accident Tu-104 215 km from Khabarovsk Airport] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  6. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  7. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104А Дальневосточного управления ГВФ близ аэр. Усть-Орда" [Accident Tu-104 near Ust-Orda] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  9. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  10. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б ЗС УГВФ в Свердловске" [Accident Tu-104 Sverdlovsk] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  12. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б Северного управления ГВФ в а/п Одессы" [Accident Tu-104 Odessa Airport] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  14. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  15. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  16. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  17. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  18. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104А Дальневосточного управления ГВФ близ Хабаровска" [Accident Tu-104 near Khabarovsk] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  20. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  21. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  22. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  23. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б Восточно-Сибирского управления ГВФ в районе Иркутска" [Accident Tu-104 near Irkutsk] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  25. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  26. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  27. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  28. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б Толмачевского ОАО в а/п Иркутс" [Accident Tu-104 Irkutsk Airport] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  29. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  30. ^ "Взрыв на борту Ту-104Б Украинского УГА близ аэропорта Внуково" [Explosion on Tu-104 near Vnukovo] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  31. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  32. ^ "Бортовой №: CCCP-42505". Retrieved 11 November 2011.
  33. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  34. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  35. ^ "Взрыв на борту и катастрофа Ту-104А Восточно-Сибирского УГА в районе Читы" [Explosion on Tu-104 Chita region] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  36. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  37. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  38. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  39. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  40. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б Грузинского УГА в а/п Домодедово" [Accident Tu-104 Domodedovo Airport] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  41. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  42. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  43. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  44. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104А ВС УГА в Иркутске" [Accident Tu-104 Irkutsk] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  45. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  46. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  47. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104Б Ленинградского ОАО в районе а/п Шереметьево" [Accident Tu-104 Sheremetyevo/Leningrad area] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  48. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  49. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  50. ^ "Катастрофа Ту-104А Дальневосточного УГА в районе а/п Алма-Ата" [Accident Tu-104 near Alma-Ata Airport] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 2015-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  51. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  52. ^ قالب:ASN accident
  53. ^ Yefim Gordon and Vladimir Rigmant Tupolev Tu-104: Aeroflot's first jet; 2007 ; translated by Dimitriy Komissarov; ISBN 978-1-85780-265-8; Midland Publishing / Ian Allen Publishing Ltd, UK
  54. ^ http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_tu104_en.php

http://www.airforce.ru/content/english-pages/2344-interview-civil-aviation-pilot-hsu-v-m-yanchenko/

وصلات خارجية

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