العصفور البيوتي (زمرة)

Passerea
Temporal range: Early Paleocene–Holocene 62–0 م‌س
Possible an early origin based on molecular clock[1]
Stagonopleura bella male - Melaleuca.jpg
Beautiful firetail (Stagonopleura bella)
التصنيف العلمي e
أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها): الحياة
مملكة: الحيوانية
Phylum: حبليات
Class: طيور
دون الفصل: حديثات الفك
فوق الرتبة: الطيور_الجديدة
Clade: Passerea
Jarvis et al., 2014
Clades

Passerea is a clade of neoavian birds that was proposed by Jarvis et al. (2014).[2] Their genomic analysis recovered two major clades within Neoaves, Passerea and Columbea, and concluded that both clades appear to have many ecologically driven convergent traits.

According to Jarvis (2014), these convergences include the foot-propelled diving trait of grebes in Columbea with loons and cormorants in Passerea; the wading-feeding trait of flamingos in Columbea with ibises and egrets in Passerea; and pigeons and sandgrouse in Columbea with shorebirds (killdeer) in Passerea. For Jarvis (2014), these long-known trait and morphological alliances suggest that some of the traditional nongenomic trait classifications are based on polyphyletic assemblages.

Passerea was not recovered in other studies.[3][1]

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Phylogeny

Cladogram of Passerea relationships based on Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[2] with some clade names after Yuri, T. et al. (2013)[4] and Kimball et al. 2013.[5]

Passerea

Otidae

Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts)White-eared Hummingbird (Basilinna leucotis) white background.jpg

Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes (cuckoos)Common Cuckoo by Mike McKenzie white background.jpg

Otidiformes (bustards)Eupodotis afraoides -Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa-8 white background.jpg

Musophagiformes (turacos)Red-crested Turaco RWD white background.jpg

Gruae

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)Hoatzin white background.jpg

Gruimorphae

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) (6852440498) white background.jpg

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)Chroicocephalus ridibundus (summer) white background.jpg

Ardeae

Aequornithes (loons, penguins, herons, pelicans, storks, etc)Chinstrap Penguin white background.jpgWeißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg

Eurypygimorphae

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern, kagu)Sunbittern RWD white background.jpg

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)Red-billed Tropicbird JCB white background.jpg

Telluraves

Afroaves

Accipitrimorphae

CathartiformesBlack Vulture RWD2013A white background.jpg

AccipitriformesGyps fulvus -Basque Country-8 white background.jpg

Strigiformes (owls)Tyto alba -British Wildlife Centre, Surrey, England-8a (1) white background.jpg

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (mousebirds)

Cavitaves

Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

Eucavitaves

Trogoniformes (trogons)Trogon surrucura brazil white background.jpg

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes)

Nordlig hornkorp white background.jpg

Picodynastornithes

CoraciformesHalcyon smyrnensis in India (8277355382) white background.jpg

PiciformesDendrocopos major -Durham, England -female-8 white background.jpgRamphastos toco -Stadtgärtnerei Zürich - 20100919 white background.jpg

Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriamas and terror birds)Seriema (Cariama cristata) white background.jpgPhorusrhacid skeleton white background.jpg

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falcons)Male Peregrine Falcon (7172188034) white background.jpg

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (parrots)Cockatiel Parakeet (Nymphicus hollandicus)9 white background.jpg

Passeriformes (songbirds and kin)Gorrion alfeizar Habana white background.jpg

The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships between bird clades of Passerea. This consensus phylogeny of birds is based on phylogenomic data, reflecting a recent phylogenomic supertree analysis[6] and modified after two recent more recent phylogenomic studies.[7][1]

Passerea

Charadriiformes (waders and relatives)D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg

Strisores

Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)

Steatornithiformes (oilbird) Steatornis caripensis MHNT ZON STEA 1.jpg

Nyctibiiformes (potoos)

Podargiformes (frogmouths)

Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars)

Nyctibiiformes (swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds) White-eared Hummingbird (Basilinna leucotis) white background.jpg

Otidimorphae

Otidiformes (bustards)Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg

Cuculiformes (cuckoos)British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg

Musophagiformes (turacos)Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg

Ardeae

Eurypygimorphae

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern and kagu)Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg

Aequornithes

Gaviiformes[8] (loons)

Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) Thalassarche chlororhynchos 1838.jpg

Sphenisciformes (penguins) Chinstrap Penguin white background.jpg

Ciconiiformes (storks) Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) white background.jpg

Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.) Cormorant in Strunjan, white background.png

Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons & ibises) Spot-billed pelican takeoff white background.jpg

Telluraves

Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (New World vultures)Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg

Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg

Strigiformes (owls)Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (mouse birds)

Cavitaves

Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg

Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (hornbills and relatives)

Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg

Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)

Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemas)Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falcons)NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (parrots)Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg

Passeriformes (passerines)Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg


المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب ت Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution: 143. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168.
  2. ^ أ ب Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  3. ^ Prum, R. O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573.
  4. ^ Yuri, T.; et al. (2013). "Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Kimball, R.T. et al. (2013) Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life. Mol Phylogenet Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
  6. ^ Kimball, R.T.; Oliveros, C.H.; Wang, N.; White, N.D.; Barker, F.K.; Field, D.J.; Ksepka, D.T.; Chesser, R.T.; Moyle, R.G.; & Braun, M.J. (2019) A phylogenomic supertree of birds. Diversity 2019, 11, 109.
  7. ^ Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
  8. ^ Boyd, John (2007). "NEORNITHES: 46 Orders" (PDF). John Boyd's website. Retrieved 30 December 2017.


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