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لمعلومات عن interpretations of these symbols، انظر Glossary of mathematical symbols.

The following list of mathematical symbols by subject features a selection of the most common symbols used in modern mathematical notation within formulas, grouped by mathematical topic. As it is impossible to know if a complete list existing today of all symbols used in history is a representation of all ever used in history, as this would necessitate knowing if extant records are of all usages, only those symbols which occur often in mathematics or mathematics education are included. Many of the characters are standardized, for example in DIN 1302 General mathematical symbols or DIN EN ISO 80000-2 Quantities and units – Part 2: Mathematical signs for science and technology.

The following list is largely limited to non-alphanumeric characters. It is divided by areas of mathematics and grouped within sub-regions. Some symbols have a different meaning depending on the context and appear accordingly several times in the list. Further information on the symbols and their meaning can also be found in the respective linked articles.

 Guide

The following information is provided for each mathematical symbol:

Symbol

The symbol as it is represented by LaTeX. If there are several typographic variants, only one of the variants is shown.

Usage

An exemplary use of the symbol in a formula. Letters here stand as a placeholder for numbers, variables or complex expressions. Different possible applications are listed separately.

Articles with usage

Examples of Wikipedia articles in which the symbol is used.

LaTeX

The LaTeX command that creates the icon. Characters from the ASCII character set can be used directly, with a few exceptions (e.g., pound sign #, backslash \, braces {}, and percent sign %). High-and low-position is indicated via the ^ and _ characters, and is not explicitly specified.

HTML

The icon in HTML, if it is defined as a named mark. Non-named characters can be indicated in the form &#xnnnn by specifying the Unicode code point of the next column. High-and low-position can be indicated via <sup></sup> and <sub></sub>. The character × whose HTML code is times can be displayed by typing ×.

Unicode

The code point of the corresponding Unicode character. Some characters are combining and require the entry of additional characters. For brackets, the code points of opening and closing forms are specified. The Unicode character ⨯ whose hexadecimal value is U+2A2F can be displayed by typing ⨯ where #x indicates that the value in hexadecimal.

 Numbers

 Number sets

Symbol	Unicode character	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mathbb{𝔸}$	𝔸	Algebraic number	\mathbb{A}	𝔸	U+1D538
$\mathbb{ℂ}$	ℂ	Complex number	\mathbb{C}, \Complex	ℂ	U+2102
$\mathbb{ℍ}$	ℍ	Quaternion	\mathbb{H}, \mathbb{H}	ℍ	U+210D
$\mathbb{\mathbb{N}}$	ℕ	Natural number	\mathbb{N}, \N	ℕ	U+2115
$\mathbb{𝕆}$	𝕆	Octonion	\mathbb{O}	𝕆	U+1D546
$\mathbb{\mathbb{Q}}$	ℚ	Rational number	\mathbb{Q}, \Q	ℚ	U+211A
$\mathbb{ℝ}$	ℝ	Real number	\mathbb{R}, \R, \Reals	ℝ	U+211D
$\mathbb{𝕊}$	𝕊	Sedenion	\mathbb{S}	𝕊	U+1D54A
$\mathbb{\mathbb{Z}}$	ℤ	Integer	\mathbb{Z}, \Z	ℤ	U+2124

 Intervals

Symbol	Usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$[]$	$[a,b]$	( ) [ ]	( ) [ ]	U+0028/9 U+005B/D
$][$	$]a,b[$
$()$	$(a,b)$
$[[$	$[a,b[$
$[)$	$[a,b)$
$]]$	$]a,b]$
$(]$	$(a,b]$

 Mathematical constants

لمعلومات عن symbols of additional mathematical constants، انظر Mathematical constant.

Symbol	Unicode character	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Template	Unicode Hex	Note
$\pi$	π	Pi	\pi	π	{{pi}}	U+03C0
$e$ or $\mathrm{e}$	e	e (mathematics)	e or \mathrm{e}	e		U+0065	Recommend {{mvar|e}} or {{math|e}} over e
$\varphi$	ϕ	Golden ratio	\phi	φ	{{phi}}	U+03C6
$\phi$	φ		\varphi	ϕ	{{varphi}}	U+03D5
$i$ or $\mathrm{i}$	i	Imaginary unit	i or \mathrm{i}	i		U+0069	Recommend {{mvar|i}} or {{math|i}} over i
$\gamma$	γ	Euler–Mascheroni constant	\gamma	γ	{{gamma}}	U+03B3
$ϵ$	ε	Vacuum permittivity	\epsilon	ε	{{epsilon}}	U+03B5
$\epsilon$	ϵ	Dual number	\varepsilon	ϵ	{{varepsilon}}	U+03F5
$\theta$	θ	Mills' constant	\theta	θ	{{theta}}	U+03B8
$\vartheta$	ϑ		\vartheta	ϑ	{{vartheta}}	U+03D1
$\sigma$	σ	Somos' quadratic recurrence constant	\sigma	σ	{{sigma}}	U+03C3
$\varsigma$	ς		\varsigma	ς	{{varsigma}}	U+03C2
$\kappa$	κ	Einstein gravitational constant	\kappa	κ	{{kappa}}	U+03BA
$\lambda$	λ	Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant	\lambda	λ	{{lambda}}	U+03BB
$\mu$	μ	Ramanujan–Soldner constant	\mu	μ	{{mu}}	U+03BC
$\tau$	τ	Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant	\tau	τ	{{tau}}	U+03C4

 Complex numbers

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mathrm{\Im }$	ℑ	$\mathrm{\Im }(2+i)=1$	Complex number	\Im	ℑ	U+2111
$\mathrm{I}\mathrm{m}$	Im	$\mathrm{I}\mathrm{m}(2+i)=1$		\operatorname{Im}	Im
$\mathrm{\Re }$	ℜ	$\mathrm{\Re }(2+i)=2$		\Re	ℜ	U+211C
$\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}$	Re	$\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}(2+i)=2$		\operatorname{Re}	Re
$\overline{}$	◌̄	$\overline{z}$	Complex conjugate	\bar	̄	U+0304
$\overline{\overline{}}$	◌̄̄	$\overline{\overline{z}}$		\bar{\bar{}}	̄̄
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̅	$\bar{z}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
$\overline{\stackrel{‾}{}}$	◌̅̅	$\overline{\stackrel{‾}{z}}$		\overline{\overline{}}	̅̅
${\ast }^{}$	*	$z^{\ast }$		{}^\ast	*	U+002A
$\left|\right|$	|	$\left|z\right|$	Absolute value	\vert	|	U+007C
$\arg$		$\arg (z)$	Polar coordinate system	\arg

Remark: real and imaginary parts of a complex number are often also denoted by $\mathrm{R}\mathrm{e}$ and $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{m}$.

 Elementary arithmetic operations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex	Notes
$+$	+	$a+b$	Addition	+	+	U+002B
$-$	−	$a-b$	Subtraction	-	−	U+2212
$\cdot$	⋅	$a\cdot b$	Multiplication	\cdot	⋅	U+22C5
$\times$	⨯	$a\times b$		\times	×	U+2A2F
$:$	∶  or  :	$a:b$	Division (mathematics)	:, \colon	∶ or :	U+003A or U+2236	In LaTeX, : added space around the colon $a:b$ that \colon does not $a:b$.
$/$	∕	$a/b$		/	∕	U+2215
$÷$	÷	$a÷b$		\div	÷	U+00F7
$\frac{}{}$	⁄	$\frac{a}{b}$		\frac{a}{b} \tfrac{a}{b} (inline) \dfrac{a}{b} (display) \cfrac{a}{b} (continued fraction)	&frasl;	U+2044	<sup>a</sup>⁄<sub>b</sub> renders as: a⁄b
${-1}^{}$	⁻	$a^{-1}$	Multiplicative inverse	^{-1}		U+207B
$-$	−	$-a$	Additive inverse	-	&minus;	U+2212
$\pm$	±	$\pm a$	Plus or minus sign	\pm	&plusmn;	U+00B1
$\mp$	∓	$\mp a$		\mp	&mnplus;	U+2213

 Elementary functions

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\sqrt{}$	√	$\sqrt{x}$	Square root	\sqrt{}	√	U+221A
$\sqrt[3]{}$	∛	$\sqrt[3]{x}$	Cube root	\sqrt[3]{x}	&x221B;	U+221B
$\sqrt[4]{}$	∜	$\sqrt[4]{x}$	Fourth root	\sqrt[4]{x}	&x221C;	U+221C
$\sqrt[n]{}$		$\sqrt[n]{x}$	nth root	\sqrt[n]{}
$\%$	%	$x\%$	Percentage	\%	%	U+0025
$()$	( )	$(x)$	Order of operations	( )	( )	U+0028/9
		$\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)$		\left( \right)
$[]$	[ ]	$[x]$	Bracket	[ ]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$\left|\right|$	| |	$\left|x\right|$	Absolute value	|, \vert	|	U+007C
$\left\{\right\}$	{ }	$\left\{x\right\}$	Fractional part	\{ \} \lbrace \rbrace	{ }	U+007B/D
$\lceil \rceil$	⌈ ⌉	$\lceil x\rceil$	Floor and ceiling functions	\lceil \rceil	⌈ ⌉	U+2308/9
$\lfloor \rfloor$	⌊ ⌋	$\lfloor x\rfloor$		\lfloor \rfloor	⌊ ⌋	U+230A/B
$⌜⌝$	⌜ ⌝	$⌜x⌝$		\ulcorner \urcorner	⌜ ⌝	U+231C/D
$⌞⌟$	⌞ ⌟	$⌞x⌟$		\llcorner \lrcorner	⌞ ⌟	U+231E/F
$⌢$	⌢​	$\stackrel{⌢}{x}$	Cap product	\frown	⌢	U+2322
$⌣$	⌣​	$\stackrel{⌣}{x}$	Cup product	\smile	⌣	U+2323
$\exp$	exp	$\exp x$	Exponential function	\exp	exp
$\log$	log	${\log }_{b}x$	Logarithm	\log or \log_{}	log or log<sub></sub>
$\ln$	ln	$\ln x$	Natural logarithm	\ln	ln
$\lg$	lg	$\lg x$	Binary logarithm	\lg	lg
$\min$	min	$\min \{1,2\}$	Maxima and minima	\min	min
$\max$	max	$\max \{1,2\}$		\max	max
$\inf$	inf	$\inf \{1,2\}$	Infimum and supremum	\inf	inf
$\sup$	sup	$\sup \{1,2\}$		\sup	sup
$\mathrm{lim\; inf}$	liminf	${\mathrm{lim\; inf}}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{x}_n$	Limit inferior and limit superior	\liminf	liminf
$\underset{―}{\lim }$	lim	$\underset{―}{\lim }{x}_n$		\varliminf	<u>lim</u>
$\mathrm{lim\; sup}$	limsup	${\mathrm{lim\; sup}}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{x}_n$		\limsup	limsup
$\bar{\lim }$	lim	$\bar{\lim }{x}_n$		\varlimsup	<span style="text-decoration:overline;">lim</span>
$\gcd$	gcd	$\gcd (1,2)$	Greatest common divisor	\gcd	gcd

Note: the power function is not represented by its own icon, but by the positioning of the exponent as a superscript.

 Trigonometric functions

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\sin$	sin	$\sin x$	Sine and cosine	\sin	sin
$\cos$	cos	$\cos x$		\cos	cos
$\tan$	tan	$\tan x$	Tangent	\tan	tan
$\sec$	sec	$\sec x$	Trigonometric functions	\sec	sec
$\csc$	csc	$\csc x$		\csc	csc
$\cot$	cot	$\cot x$		\cot	cot
$\arcsin$	sin	$\arcsin x$	Inverse trigonometric functions	\arcsin	arcsin
$\arccos$	arccos	$\arccos x$		\arccos	arccos
$\arctan$	arctan	$\arctan x$		\arctan	arctan
$\mathrm{arcsec}$	arcsec	$\mathrm{arcsec}x$		\arcsec	arcsec
$\mathrm{arccsc}$	arccsc	$\mathrm{arccsc}x$		\arccsc	arccsc
$\mathrm{arccot}$	arccot	$\mathrm{arccot}x$		\arccot	arccot
$\sinh$	sinh	$\sinh x$	Hyperbolic functions	\sinh	sinh
$\cosh$	cosh	$\cosh x$		\cosh	cosh
$\tanh$	tanh	$\tanh x$		\tanh	tanh
$\coth$	coth	$\coth x$		\coth	coth

 Arithmetic comparison

See also: Order relations, Set relations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$<$	<	$a<b$	<	&lt;	U+003C
$>$	>	$a>b$	>	&gt;	U+003E
$\le$	≤	$a\le b$	\le, \leq	&le;	U+2264
$\ge$	≥	$a\ge b$	\ge, \geq	&ge;	U+2265
$\leqq$	≦	$a\leqq b$	\leqq	&LessFullEqual;	U+2266
$\geqq$	≧	$a\geqq b$	\geqq	&GreaterFullEqual;	U+2267
$⩽$	⩽	$a⩽b$	\leqslant	&LessSlantEqual	U+2A7D
$⩾$	⩾	$a⩾b$	\geqslant	&GreaterSlantEqual	U+2A7E
$\ll$	≪	$a\ll b$	\ll	&NestedLessLess;	U+226A
$\gg$	≫	$a\gg b$	\gg	&NestedGreaterGreater;	U+226B
$\lesssim$	≲	$a\lesssim b$	\lesssim	&lsim;	U+2272
$\gtrsim$	≳	$a\gtrsim b$	\gtrsim	&GreaterTilde;	U+2273
$⪅$	⪅	$a⪅b$	\lessapprox	&lessapprox;	U+2A85
$⪆$	⪆	$a⪆b$	\gtrapprox	&gap;	U+2A86

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\lessgtr$	≶	$a\lessgtr b$	\lessgtr	&LessGreater	U+2276
$\gtrless$	≷	$a\gtrless b$	\gtrless	≷	U+2277
$⋚$	⋚	$a⋚b$	\lesseqgtr	⋚	U+22DA
$⋛$	⋛	$a⋛b$	\gtreqless	⋛	U+22DB
$⪋$	⪋	$a⪋b$	\lesseqqgtr	⪋	U+2A8B
$⪌$	⪌	$a⪌b$	\gtreqqless	⪌	U+2A8C

 Number theory

 Divisibility and modulo

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mid$	∣	$a\mid b$	\mid	∣	U+2223
$\nmid$	∤	$a\nmid b$	\nmid	∤	U+2224
$\perp$	⊥	$a\perp b$	\perp	⊥	U+22A5
$\sqcap$	⊓	$a\sqcap b$	\sqcap	⊓	U+2293
$\wedge$	∧	$a\wedge b$	\wedge	∧	U+2227
$\bigsqcup$	⊔	$a\bigsqcup b$	\sqcup	⊔	U+2294
$\vee$	∨	$a\vee b$	\vee	∨	U+2228

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex	Other information
$\equiv$	≡	$a\equiv b$	Modulo operation	\equiv	≡	U+2261
$modm$	mod	$amodm$		\mod m	mod		<math>\mod</math> without a trailing symbol (e.g. $m$) will produce an error.
$(\mathrm{mod}m)$	(mod)	$a(\mathrm{mod}m)$		\pmod m	(mod)		<math>\pmod</math> without a trailing symbol (e.g. $m$) will produce an error.
$\gcd$	gcd	$\gcd (1,2)$	Greatest common divisor	\gcd	gcd

 Combinatorics

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$!$	!	$n!$	Factorial	!	!	U+0021
		$!n$	Derangement
		$n!!$	Double factorial
$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{})$	( )	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$	Combination	\binom	( )	U+0028/9
		$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k_1,\dots ,k_r})$	Multinomial coefficient
$\left((\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{})\right)$	(( ))	$\left((\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})\right)$	Multiset	(( ))	( )	U+0028/9
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̄	$n^{\overline{m}}$	Pochhammer symbol	\bar	̄	U+0304
	◌̅	$n^{\bar{m}}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
	◌̲	$n^{\underset{\_}{m}}$		\underline	̲	U+0332
$\#$	#	$n\#$	Primorial	\#	#	U+0023

 Stochastics

 Probability theory

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$P$		$P(A)$	Probability measure	P		U+2119
$\mid$		$P(A\mid B)$	Conditional probability	\mid	|	U+007C
$/$		$P(A/B)$		/		U+2215
$E$	𝔼	$E(X)$	Expected value	E	𝔼	U+1D53C
$V$	𝕍	$V(X)$	Variance	V	𝕍	U+1D54D
$\sigma$	σ	$\sigma (X)$	Standard deviation	\sigma	σ	U+03C3
		$\sigma (X,Y)$	Covariance
$\rho$	ρ	$\rho (X,Y)$	Correlation	\rho	ρ	U+03C1
$\sim$	∼	$X\sim F$	Probability distribution	\sim	∼	U+223C
$\approx$	≈	$X\approx F$		\approx	≈	U+2248
$\perp$	⊥	$A\perp B$	Independence (probability theory)	\perp	⊥	U+22A5

Remark: for operators there are several notational variants; instead of round brackets also square brackets are used

 إحصائيات

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\overline{}$	◌̅	$\overline{x}$	Average	\bar	̄	U+0304
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̅	$\bar{m}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
$⟨⟩$	⟨ ⟩	$⟨X⟩$		\langle \rangle	⟨ ⟩	U+27E8/9
$\hat{}$	◌̂	$\hat{p}$	Estimator	\hat	̂	U+0302

 Calculus

 Sequences and series

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\sum$	∑	$\sum _{i=1}^n,{\sum }_{i\in I}$	Summation	\sum	∑	U+2211
$\prod$	∏	$\prod _{i=1}^n,{\prod }_{i\in I}$	Product (mathematics)	\prod	∏	U+220F
$\coprod$	∐	$\coprod _{i=1}^n,{\coprod }_{i\in I}$	Coproduct	\coprod	∐	U+2210
$()$	( )	$(a_n)$	Sequence	( )	( )	U+0028/9
$\to$	→	$a_n\to a$	Limit of a sequence	\to \rarr	→	U+2192
$\mathrm{\infty }$	∞	$n\to \mathrm{\infty }$	Infinity	\infty	∞	U+221E

 Limits

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\to$	→	$\underset{x\to a}{\lim }f(x)$	Limit of a function	\to \rightarrow	→ →	U+2192
$⟶$	⟶	$x⟶a$		\longrightarrow	⟶	U+27F6
$\uparrow$	↑	$\underset{x\uparrow a}{\lim }f(x)$		\uparrow	↑ ↑	U+2191
$\nearrow$	↗	$\underset{x\nearrow a}{\lim }f(x)$		\nearrow	↗	U+2197
$\searrow$	↘	$\underset{x\searrow a}{\lim }f(x)$		\searrow	↘	U+2198
$\downarrow$	↓	$\underset{x\downarrow a}{\lim }f(x)$		\downarrow	↓ ↓	U+2193
$\swarrow$	↙	$a\swarrow x$		\swarrow	↙	U+2199
$\leftarrow$	←	$a\leftarrow x$		\leftarrow	← ←	U+2190
$⟵$	⟵	$a⟵x$		\longleftarrow	⟵	U+27F5
$\nwarrow$	↖	$a\nwarrow x$		\nwarrow	↖	U+2196
${+}^{}$	⁺	$\underset{x\to a^{+}}{\lim }f(x)$		^+	⁺	U+207A
${-}^{}$	⁻	$\underset{x\to a^{-}}{\lim }f(x)$		^-	⁻	U+207B
$\lim$		$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\lim }{x}_n$		\lim
$\mathrm{lim\; inf}$		${\mathrm{lim\; inf}}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{x}_n$	Limit inferior and limit superior	\liminf
$\mathrm{lim\; sup}$		${\mathrm{lim\; sup}}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{x}_n$		\limsup

 Differential calculus

انظر مقال رئيسي: Differential calculus

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
${\displaystyle }\text{'}$ ${\prime }^{}$	′	$f^{\prime }$ $f^{\prime }$	Lagrange's notation Prime (symbol)	' ^\prime	′	U+2032
${\displaystyle }{\text{'}}^{\prime }$ ${\prime \prime }^{}$	″	$f^{″}$ $f^{\prime \prime }$		'' ^{\prime\prime}	″	U+2033
${\displaystyle }{\text{'}}^{″}$ ${\prime \prime \prime }^{}$	‴	$f^{‴}$ $f^{\prime \prime \prime }$		''' ^{\prime\prime\prime}	‴	U+2034
${\displaystyle }{\text{'}}^{‴}$ ${\prime \prime \prime \prime }^{}$	⁗	$f^{⁗}$ $f^{\prime \prime \prime \prime }$		'''' ^{\prime\prime\prime\prime}	⁗	U+2057
${IV}^{}{V}^{}{VI}^{}$		$f^{IV},f^V,f^{VI}$		^{IV} ^V ^{VI}	<sup>IV</sup>
${iv}^{}{v}^{}{vi}^{}$		$f^{iv},f^v,f^{vi}$		^{iv} ^v ^{vi}	<sup>iv</sup>
${()}^{}$	⁽ ⁾	$f^{(4)},f^{(5)},f^{(n)}$		^{( )}	<sup>( )</sup>	U+207D/E
$\dot{}$	◌̇	$\dot{f}$	Newton's notation	\dot	&#x0307;	U+0307
$\ddot{}$	◌̈	$\ddot{f}$		\ddot	&#x0308;	U+0308
$d$	d	$dx$	Leibniz's notation	d	d	U+0064
		$df$
		$\frac{df}{dx}$
		$\frac{d}{dx}f$
		$\frac{d^2}{d{x}^2}f$
$\partial$	∂	${\partial }_{x}f$	Partial derivative	\partial	&part;	U+2202
${\frac{\partial }{\partial x}|}_x$	∂ and |	${\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}|}_{x=x_0}$		\left. \frac{\partial }{\partial x} \right\vert_x	&part; and &VerticalLine;	U+2202 and U+007C

 Integral calculus

انظر أيضاً: Extensions of the integral symbol

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\int$	∫	$\underset{a}{\overset{b}{\int }}$ , ${\int }_G$	Integral	\int	∫	U+222B
$\iint$	∬	${\iint }_{\mathcal{ℱ}}$	Surface integral	\iint	∬	U+222C
$\iiint$	∭	${\iiint }_V$	Volume integral	\iiint	∭	U+222D
$\oint$	∮	${\oint }_{\gamma }$	Curve integral	\oint	∮	U+222E
	∯	$\gamma$	Surface integral	\oiint	∯	U+222F
\oiiint	∰	\oiiint$\gamma$	Volume integral	\oiiint	∰	U+2230

 Vector calculus

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mathrm{\nabla }$	∇	$\mathrm{\nabla }f$	Gradient	\nabla	∇	U+2207
		$\mathrm{\nabla }\cdot F$	Divergence
		$\mathrm{\nabla }\times F$	Curl (mathematics)
$\mathrm{\Delta }$	∆	$\mathrm{\Delta }f$	Laplace operator	\Delta	Δ	U+2206
$◻$	□	$◻f$	D'Alembert operator	\square	□	U+25A1

 Asymptotic behaviour

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\sim$	∼	$f\sim$	Asymptotic analysis	\sim	∼	U+223C
$o$	o	$f\in o(g)$	Big O notation	o		U+006F
$\mathcal{𝒪}$	𝒪	$f\in \mathcal{𝒪}(g)$		\mathcal{O}	𝒪	U+1D4AA
$\mathrm{\Theta }$	Θ	$f\in \mathrm{\Theta }(g)$		\Theta	Θ	U+0398
$\mathrm{\Omega }$	Ω	$f\in \mathrm{\Omega }(g)$		\Omega	Ω	U+03A9
$\omega$	ω	$f\in \omega (g)$		\omega	ω	U+03C9

 Linear algebra

 Vectors and matrices

Symbol	Articles with usage	LaTeX
$\left(\begin{array}{c}{v}_1,\dots ,v_n\end{array}\right)$	Vector (mathematics and physics)	\begin{pmatrix} ... \end{pmatrix} or \left( \begin{array}{...} ... \end{array} \right)
$\left(\begin{array}{c}{v}_1\\ ⋮\\ v_m\end{array}\right)$
$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}{a}_{11}& \dots & a_{1n}\\ ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ a_{m1}& \dots & a_{mn}\end{array}\right)$	Matrix (mathematics)

 Vector operations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\cdot$	⋅	$v\cdot w$	Dot product Inner product space	\cdot	⋅	U+22C5
$()$	( )	$(v,w)$		( )	( )	U+0028/9
$⟨⟩$	⟨ ⟩	$⟨v,w⟩$ $⟨v|w⟩$		\langle \rangle	⟨ ⟩	U+27E8/9
$\times$	⨯	$v\times w$	Cross product	\times	×	U+2A2F
$[]$	[ ]	$[v,w]$		[ ]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$()$	( )	$(u,v,w)$	Triple product	( )	( )	U+0028/9
$\otimes$	⊗	$v\otimes w$	Dyadic product	\otimes	⊗	U+2297
$\wedge$	∧	$v\wedge w$	Exterior algebra	\wedge	∧	U+2227
$\left|\right|$	| |	$\left|v\right|$	Euclidean norm	\vert	|	U+007C
$\left|\right|$	‖	$\left|v\right|$ $\Vert v\Vert$	Norm (mathematics)	\Vert, \| \lVert \rVert	‖	U+2016
$\hat{}$	̂	$\hat{v}$	Unit vector	\hat{}	̂	U+0302

 Matrix operations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\cdot$	⋅	$A\cdot B$	Matrix multiplication	\cdot	⋅	U+22C5
$\circ$	∘	$A\circ B$	Hadamard product	\circ	∘	U+2218
$\oslash$	⊘	$A\oslash B$	Hadamard division	\oslash	⊘	U+2298
$*$	*	$A*B$	Khatri-Rao product	*	*	U+002A
$\otimes$	⊗	$A\otimes B$	Kronecker product	\otimes	⊗	U+2297
${⊺}^{}$	⊺	$A^{⊺}$	Transposed matrix	^\intercal	⊺	U+22BA
${\mathrm{\top }}^{}$	⊤	$A^{\mathrm{\top }}$		^\top	⊤	U+22A4
${\mathrm{T}}^{}$	T	$A^{\mathrm{T}}$		^{\mathrm T}		U+0054
${\ast }^{}$	*	$A^{\ast }$	Conjugate transpose	^\ast	*	U+002A
${†}^{}$	†	$A^{†}$		^\dagger	†	U+2020
${\mathrm{H}}^{}$	H	$A^{\mathrm{H}}$		^H		U+0048
${-1}^{}$	⁻	$A^{-1}$	Inverse matrix	^{-1}		U+207B
${+}^{}$	+	$A^{+}$	Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse	^+	+	U+002B
$\left|\right|$	| A |	$\left|A\right|$	Determinant	|, \vert	|	U+007C
$\det$	det	$\det A$		\det	det
$\left|\right|$	‖	$\left|A\right|$	Matrix norm	\|, \Vert	‖	U+2016

 Vector spaces

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$+$	+	$V+W$	Direct sum of modules Linear subspace	+	+	U+002B
$\oplus$	⊕	$V\oplus W$		\oplus	⊕	U+2295
$\times$	⨯	$V\times W$	Direct product	\times	×	U+2A2F
$\otimes$	⊗	$V\otimes W$	Tensor product	\otimes	⊗	U+2297
$/$	/	$V/U$	Quotient space (linear algebra)	/	⁄	U+002F
${\perp }^{}$	⟂	$U^{\perp }$	Orthogonal complement	^\perp	⊥	U+27C2
${\ast }^{}$	*	$V^{\ast }$	Dual space	^\ast	∗	U+002A
$0^{}$	0	$X^0$		^0		U+0030
$⟨⟩$	⟨ ⟩	$⟨X⟩$	Linear hull	\langle \rangle	⟨ ⟩	U+27E8/9
$\dim$	dim	$\dim X$	Dimension (linear algebra)	\dim	dim
$\ker$	ker	$\ker L$	Kernel (linear algebra)	\ker	ker
$\mathrm{Pr}$	Pr	$\mathrm{Pr}{}_1(x,y)$	Projection (linear algebra)	\Pr	Pr

 Functional analysis

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
${\displaystyle }\text{'}$	′	$V^{\prime }$	Dual space	^\prime	′	U+2032/3
${\displaystyle }{\text{'}}^{\prime }$	″	$V^{″}$
$\hat{}$	◌̂	$\hat{X}$	Complete metric space	\hat{}		U+0302
$\hookrightarrow$	↪	$X\hookrightarrow Y$	Embedding	\hookrightarrow		U+21AA

 Logic

انظر أيضاً: List of logic symbols, Wikipedia:WikiProject Logic/Standards for notation, and MOS:MATH § TONE

The current Wikipedia guidelines advise against unnecessary use of ∀, ∃, and ⇔ and instead recommend writing out "for all", "there exists", and "if and only if." The same is true of abbreviations such as "iff", "s.t.", and "WLOG".

 Equality signs

انظر أيضاً: Equals sign

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$=$	=	$a=b$	Equality	=	=	U+003D
$\#$	#	$a\#b$	Apartness relation	\#	#	U+0023
$\ne$	≠	$a\ne b$	Inequality	\neq \ne \not=	≠	U+2260
$\equiv$	≡	$a\equiv b$	Identity	\equiv	≡	U+2261
$\approx$	≈	$a\approx b$	Approximation	\approx	≈	U+2248
$\sim$	∼	$a\sim b$	Equivalence class	\sim	∼	U+223C
$\propto$	∝	$a\propto b$	Proportionality	\propto	∝	U+221D
$\widehat{=}$	≙	$a\widehat{=}b$	Bijection	\widehat{=}	≙	U+2259
$\stackrel{?}{=}$	≟	$a\stackrel{?}{=}b$	Asks "is it equal to"	\overset{?}{=}	≟	U+225F
$\stackrel{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}{=}$	≝	$a\stackrel{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}{=}b$	Equal to by definition	\overset{\operatorname{def}}{=}	≝	U+225D
$\triangleq$	≜	$a\triangleq b$		\triangleq	≜	U+225C
$:=$	≔	$a:=b$	Assignment	:=	≔	U+2254
$=:$	≕	$a=:b$		=:	≕	U+2255
$\doteq$	≐	$x_n\doteq b$	Approaches the limit	\doteq	≐	U+2250
$==$	⩵	$x==y$	Relational operator	==	⩵	U+2A75

 Logical operators

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\wedge$	∧	$A\wedge B$	Logical conjunction	\land	∧	U+2227
$\vee$	∨	$A\vee B$	Logical disjunction	\lor	∨	U+2228
$\iff$	⇔	$A\iff B$	Logical equivalence	\Leftrightarrow	⇔	U+21D4
$\leftrightarrow$	↔	$A\leftrightarrow B$		\leftrightarrow	↔	U+2194
$⟺$	⟺	$A⟺B$		\iff	⟺	U+27FA
$\Rightarrow$	⇒	$A\Rightarrow B$	Logical consequence	\Rightarrow	⇒	U+21D2
$\to$	→	$A\to B$		\rightarrow	→	U+2192
$⟹$	⟹	$A⟹B$		\implies	⟹	U+27F9
$⟹$		$A⟹B$		\Longrightarrow
$\oplus$	⊕	$A\oplus B$	Exclusive or	\oplus	⊕	U+2295
$⊻$	⊻	$A⊻B$		\veebar	⊻	U+22BB
$\dot{\vee }$	⩒	$A\dot{\vee }B$		\dot\lor		U+2A52
$\mathrm{\neg }$	¬	$\mathrm{\neg }A$	Logical negation	\lnot	¬	U+00AC
$\overline{}$	◌̄	$\overline{A}$		\bar	̄	U+0304
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	̅	$\bar{A}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
${\displaystyle }$	◌̸	$=$ $\in ̸$		\not (ex: \not= \not\in)	̸ (ex: ≠ ∉)	U+0338
$\leftarrow$	←	$A\leftarrow B$	Converse implication	\leftarrow	←	U+2190
$⊸$	⊸	$A⊸B$	Linear logic	\multimap	⊸	U+22B8
⅋	⅋	A ⅋ B	Linear logic	\upand (No Wikipedia support)	&x214B;	U+214B

انظر أيضاً: Further symbols for binary connectives

 Quantifiers

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mathrm{\forall }$	∀	$\mathrm{\forall }x$	Universal quantification	\forall	∀	U+2200
$\bigwedge$	⋀	${\bigwedge }_x$		\bigwedge	⋀	U+22C0
$\mathrm{\exists }$	∃	$\mathrm{\exists }x$	Existential quantification	\exists	∃	U+2203
$\bigvee$	⋁	${\bigvee }_x$		\bigvee	⋁	U+22C1
$\mathrm{\exists }!$	∃!	$\mathrm{\exists }!x$	Uniqueness quantification	\exists!	∃!	U+2203!
${\bigvee }^{\cdot }$	⩒	$\underset{x}{\overset{\cdot }{\bigvee }}$		\dot\bigvee		U+2A52
$\nexists$	∄	$\nexists x$	Existential quantification	\nexists	∄	U+2204

 Deduction symbols

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$⊢$	⊢	$A⊢B$	Logical consequence, Propositional calculus	\vdash	⊢	U+22A2
$\models$	⊨	$A\models B$	Logical consequence, Inference	\models	⊨	U+22A8
		$\models A$	Tautology (logic)
$\mathrm{\top }$	⊤	$A\mathrm{\top }$		\top	⊤	U+22A4
$\mathrm{\perp }$	⊥	$A\mathrm{\perp }$	Contradiction	\bot	⊥	U+22A5
$\therefore$	∴	$A\therefore B$	Deductive reasoning	\therefore	∴	U+2234
$\because$	∵	$A\because B$		\because	∵	U+2235

 End of proof symbols

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$◼$	■	...as desired. $◼$	Q.E.D.	\blacksquare	■	U+25A0
$◻$	□			\Box	□	U+25A1
${\displaystyle }$	∎		Tombstone		∎	U+220E

 Formal language and strings

المقالة الرئيسية: Formal language

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\epsilon$	ε	$\epsilon s=s$	Empty string	\varepsilon	ε	U+03B5
$\left|\right|$	| |	$\left|s\right|$	String length	\vert	|	U+007C
$+$	+	$s+t$	Concatenation	+	+	U+002B
$\cdot$	⋅	$s\cdot t$		\cdot	⋅	U+22C5
$\mathrm{\neg }$	¬	$\mathrm{\neg }L$	Formal language	\lnot	¬	U+00AC
${\ast }^{}$	*	$V^{\ast }$	Kleene star	^\ast	∗	U+002A
${+}^{}$	+	$V^{+}$	Free monoid	^+	+	U+002B
$\sim$	∼	$a\sim b$	Squiggle operator	\sim	∼	U+223C
$[[]]$	⟦⟧	$[[s]]$	Squiggle operator	[\![ ]\!]	⟦ ⟧	U+27E6/7

 Functions and category theory

 Functions

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\to$	→	$f:A\to B$	Function (mathematics)	\to	→	U+2192
		$A\stackrel{f}{\to }B$
$\mapsto$	↦	$f:x\mapsto y$		\mapsto	&mapstoright;	U+21A6
		$x\stackrel{f}{\mapsto }y$
$()$	( )	$f(x)$	Image (mathematics)	( )	( )	U+0028/9
		$f(X)$
$[]$	[ ]	$f[X]$		[ ]	[ or ]	U+005B/D
$|$	|	$f{|}_X$	Restriction (mathematics)	\vert	|	U+007C
$\cdot$	⋅	$f(\cdot )$	Free variable	\cdot	⋅	U+22C5
${-1}^{}$	⁻	$f^{-1}$	Inverse function	-1		U+207B
$\circ$	∘	$f\circ g$	Function composition	\circ	∘	U+2218
$\ast$	∗	$f\ast g$	Convolution	\ast	∗	U+2217
$\hat{}$	◌̂	$\hat{f}$	Fourier transform	\hat		U+0302
$⊸$	⊸	$f:X⊸Y$	Multimap	\multimap	⊸	U+22B8

 Morphisms

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\to$	→	$f:X\to Y$	Morphism	\to	→	U+2192
		$X\stackrel{f}{\to }Y$
$\mapsto$	↦	$f:x\mapsto y$		\mapsto	&mapstoright;	U+21A6
		$x\stackrel{f}{\mapsto }y$
$\stackrel{\sim }{\to }$	⥲	$f:X\stackrel{\sim }{\to }Y$	Isomorphism	\tilde{\rightarrow}		U+2972
$\hookrightarrow$	↪	$f:X\hookrightarrow Y$	Monomorphism	\hookrightarrow	&#8618	U+21AA
		$X\stackrel{f}{\hookrightarrow }Y$
$\twoheadrightarrow$	↠	$f:X\twoheadrightarrow Y$	Epimorphism	\twoheadrightarrow	&#8608	U+21A0
		$X\stackrel{f}{\twoheadrightarrow }Y$
$\mathrm{hom}$	hom	${\mathrm{hom}}_C(X,Y)$	Morphism	\hom	hom

 Constructions

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\prod$	∏	$\prod X_i$	Product (category theory)	\prod	∏	U+220F
$\coprod$	∐	$\coprod X_i$	Coproduct	\coprod	∐	U+2210
$\oplus$	⊕	$\oplus X_i$	Biproduct	\oplus	⊕	U+2295
$\times$	×	$A{\times }_{C}B$	Pullback (category theory)	\times	×	U+00D7
$\lim$	lim	$\lim F$	Limit (category theory)	\lim	lim
$\mathrm{proj\; lim}$	projlim	$\mathrm{proj\; lim}F$	Inverse limit	\projlim	projlim
$\underleftarrow{\lim }$		$\underleftarrow{\lim }F$		\varprojlim
$\mathrm{inj\; lim}$	injlim	$\mathrm{inj\; lim}F$	Direct limit	\injlim	injlim
$\underrightarrow{\lim }$		$\underrightarrow{\lim }F$		\varinjlim

 Set theory

 Definition symbols

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$:$	:	$A:B$	Definition	\colon	:	U+003A
		$A:=B$
		$A:\iff B$

 Set construction

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\varnothing$	∅	$\varnothing =\{\}$	Empty set	\varnothing	∅ ∅	U+2205
$\mathrm{\varnothing }$				\emptyset
$\{\}$	{ }	$\{a,b,\dots \}$	Set (mathematics)	\{ \} \lbrace \rbrace	{ }	U+007B/D
$\mid$	|	$\{a\mid T(a)\}$		\mid	|	U+007C
$:$	:	$\{a:T(a)\}$		\colon	:	U+003A
$:$		$\{a:T(a)\}$		:

Separator symbols

To scale a set's braces \{ \} to the size of the set's content, use \left\{ \right\}. Wikipedia does not support \middle as that requires e-TeX, although \big|, \Big|, \bigg|, or \Bigg| can be used in place of \middle|. However, unlike with \mid, whitespace \; around the bar | must be inserted manually; for example: \;\big|\; or \mathrel{}\big|\mathrel{}.

Comparison of separators (the symbol between the variable and predicate)

Rendered result	Latex code	Notes on separator
$\{x\in X:P(x)\}$	\{x\in X : P(x)\}	: inserts whitespace that \colon does not.
$\{x\in X:P(x)\}$	\{x\in X \colon P(x)\}
$\{x\in X\mid P(x)\}$	\{x\in X \mid P(x)\}	\mid inserts whitespace that \vert does not.
$\{x\in X|P(x)\}$	\{x\in X \vert P(x)\}	\vert and | are synonyms in LaTeX.
$\{x\in X\mathrm{\backslash vline}P(x)\}$	\{x\in X \vline P(x)\}	\mid inserts whitespace that \vline does not.
$\left\{\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{x}^n:\right|x|<1\}$	\left\{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} x^n : |x|<1\right\}
$\{\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{x}^n\mid |x|<1\}$	\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \mid |x|<1\right\}
$\left\{\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{x}^n\right|\left|x\right|<1\}$	\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\Bigg|\; |x|<1\right\}	\;\Bigg|\; is used since neither \middle\mid, \Bigg\mid, nor \Bigg\vline render in Wikipedia.
$\left\{\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{x}^n|\right|x|<1\}$	\left\{\left.\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\right|\; |x|<1\right\}	Using \left. \right| or \left| \right. is potentially an alternative to manual scaling.

 Set operations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\cap$	∩	$A\cap B$	Intersection (set theory)	\cap	∩	U+2229
$\bigcap$	⋂	${\bigcap }_{S\in P}S$		\bigcap	⋂ ⋂	U+22C2
$\cup$	∪	$A\cup B$	Union (set theory)	\cup	∪	U+222A
$\bigcup$	⋃	${\bigcup }_{S\in P}S$		\bigcup	⋃ ⋃	U+22C3
$\setminus$	∖	$A\setminus B$	Difference (set theory)	\setminus	∖ ∖	U+2216
$\setminus$		$A\setminus B$		\smallsetminus
$\mathrm{△}$	∆	$A\mathrm{△}B$	Symmetric difference	\triangle	Δ	U+2206
$\ominus$	⊖	$A\ominus B$		\ominus	⊖	U+2296
$\times$	⨯	$A\times B$	Cartesian product	\times	×	U+2A2F
$\dot{\cap }$	⩀	$A\dot{\cap }B$	Intersection (set theory)	\dot\cap	⩀	U+2A40
$\sqcap$	⊓	$A\sqcap B$		\sqcap	⊓	U+2293
${\displaystyle }$	⩄	${\displaystyle }$		\capwedge	⩄	U+2A44
$\dot{\cup }$	⊍	$A\dot{\cup }B$	Disjoint union	\dot\cup	⊍	U+228D
$\uplus$	⊎	$A\uplus B$		\uplus	⊎	U+228E
$\bigsqcup$	⊔	$A\bigsqcup B$		\sqcup	⊔	U+2294
${\displaystyle }$	⫛	${\displaystyle }$	Transversal intersection	\mlcp	⫛	U+2ADB
${\complement }^{}$	∁	$A^{\complement }$	Complement (set theory)	^\complement	∁	U+2201
${\mathrm{C}}^{}$	C	$A^{\mathrm{C}}$		^{\mathrm C}	∁	U+2201
$\overline{}$	◌̄	$\overline{z}$		\bar{}	̄	U+0304
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̅	$\bar{A}$		\overline{}		U+0305
$\mathrm{\wp }$	℘	$\mathrm{\wp }(A)$	Power set	\wp	℘	U+2118
$\mathcal{𝒫}$	𝒫	$\mathcal{𝒫}(A)$		\mathcal{P}	𝒫	U+1D4AB
$\mathfrak{P}$	𝔓	$\mathfrak{P}(A)$		\mathfrak{P}	𝔓	U+1D513
$\bigwedge$	⋀	$\underset{x\in A}{\bigwedge }$	Infimum and supremum	\bigwedge \bigwedge\limits_{}	⋀	U+22C0
$\bigvee$	⋁	$\underset{x\in A}{\bigvee }$		\bigvee \bigvee\limits_{}	⋁	U+22C1

 Set relations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\subset$	⊂	$A\subset B$	Subset	\subset	⊂	U+2282
$⊊$	⊊	$A⊊B$		\subsetneq	⊊	U+228A
$\subseteq$	⊆	$A\subseteq B$		\subseteq	⊆	U+2286
${\displaystyle }$	⟃	A ⟃ B		\subsetcirc	⟃	U+27C3
$\supset$	⊃	$A\supset B$	Superset	\supset	⊃	U+2283
$⊋$	⊋	$A⊋B$		\supsetneq	⊋	U+228B
$\supseteq$	⊇	$A\supseteq B$		\supseteq	⊇	U+2287
${\displaystyle }$	⟄	A ⟄ B		\supsetcirc	⟄	U+27C4
$\subset ̸$	⊄	$A\subset ̸B$		\not\subset	⊄	U+2284
$\supset ̸$	⊅	$A\supset ̸B$	Superset	\not\supset	⊅	U+2285
$\subseteq ̸$	⊈	$A\subseteq ̸B$		\not\subseteq	⊈	U+2288
$\supseteq ̸$	⊉	$A\supseteq ̸B$	Superset	\not\supseteq	⊉	U+2289
$\in$	∈	$a\in A$	Element (mathematics)	\in	∈	U+2208
$\ni$	∋	$A\ni a$		\ni, \owns	∋	U+220B
$\notin$	∉	$a\notin A$		\notin, \not\in	∉	U+2209
$\ni ̸$	∌	$A\ni ̸a$		\not\ni	∌	U+220C
$⊏$	⊏	$A⊏B$	Substring	\sqsubset	⊏	U+228F
$⊐$	⊐	$A⊐B$		\sqsupset	⊐	U+2290
$⊑$	⊑	$A⊑B$		\sqsubseteq	⊑	U+2291
$⊒$	⊒	$A⊒B$		\sqsupseteq	⊒	U+2292

Note: The symbols $\subset$ and $\supset$ are used inconsistently and often do not exclude the equality of the two quantities.

 Cardinality

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\left|\right|$	| |	$\left|A\right|$	Cardinality	\vert	|	U+007C
$\#$	#	$\#A$		\#	#	U+0023
$\mathfrak{c}$	𝔠		Cardinality of the continuum	\mathfrak{c}	𝔠	U+1D520
$\mathrm{\aleph }$	ℵ	${\mathrm{\aleph }}_0$, ${\mathrm{\aleph }}_1$, ...	Aleph number	\aleph	ℵ	U+2135
$\beth$	ℶ	${\beth }_0$, ${\beth }_1$, ...	Beth number	\beth	ℶ	U+2136

 Equivalence classes/relations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$[]$	[ ]	$[a]$	Equivalence class	[ ]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$/$	قائمة الرموز الرياضية حسب الموضوع/	$M/\sim$	Quotient set	/	/	U+002F
$\sim$	∼	$a\sim b$	Equivalence relation	\sim	∼, ∼	U+223C
$\backsim$	∽	$a\backsim b$		\backsim	∽	U+223D
$\nsim$	≁	$a\nsim b$		\not\sim, \nsim	≁	U+2241
$\eqsim$	≂	$a\eqsim b$		\eqsim	≂	U+2242
$\simeq$	≃	$a\simeq b$		\simeq	≃	U+2243
$\cong$	≅	$a\cong b$		\cong	≅	U+2245
$≆$	≇	$a≆b$		\not\cong, \ncong	≇	U+2247

 Order theory

 Comparisons

See also: Arithmetic comparison, Set relations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\le$	≤	$a\le b$	Order relation	\leq, \le	≤, ≤	U+2264
$\ge$	≥	$a\ge b$		\geq, \ge	≥, ≥	U+2265
$\nless$	≮	$a\nless b$		\nless	≮, ≮	U+226E
$\ngtr$	≯	$a\ngtr b$		\ngtr	≯, ≯	U+226F
$\nleqq$	≰	$a\nleqq b$		\not\leq, \nleq	≰, ≰	U+2270
$\ngeqq$	≱	$a\ngeqq b$		\not\geq, \ngeq	≱, ≱	U+2271
$\lesssim$	≲	$a\lesssim b$	Inequality (mathematics)	\lesssim	≲, ≲	U+2272
$\gtrsim$	≳	$a\gtrsim b$		\gtrsim	≳, ≳	U+2273
$\lesssim ̸$	≴	$a\lesssim ̸b$		\not\lesssim	≴	U+2274
$\gtrsim ̸$	≵	$a\gtrsim ̸b$		\not\gtrsim	≵	U+2275
$\prec$	≺	$a\prec b$	Successor ordinal	\prec	≺	U+227A
$\succ$	≻	$a\succ b$		\succ	≻	U+227B
$\preccurlyeq$	≼	$a\preccurlyeq b$		\preccurlyeq	≼	U+227C
$\succcurlyeq$	≽	$a\succcurlyeq b$		\succcurlyeq	≽	U+227D
$\precsim$	≾	$a\precsim b$		\precsim	≾	U+227E
$\succsim$	≿	$a\succsim b$		\succsim	≿	U+227F
$⪯$	⪯	$a⪯b$		\preceq	⪯	U+2AAF
$⪰$	⪰	$a⪰b$		\succeq	⪰	U+2AB0
$⋞$	⋞	$a⋞b$		\curlyeqprec	⋞	U+22DE
$⋟$	⋟	$a⋟b$		\curlyeqsucc	⋟	U+22DF
$⪯̸$	⋠	$a⪯̸b$		\not\preceq	⋠	U+22E0
$⪰̸$	⋡	$a⪰̸b$		\not\succeq	⋡	U+22E1
$⊏$	⊏	$a⊏b$	Partially ordered set	\sqsubset	⊏ ⊏	U+228F
$⊐$	⊐	$a⊐b$		\sqsupset	⊐ ⊐	U+2290
$⊑$	⊑	$a⊑b$		\sqsubseteq	⊑ ⊑	U+2291
$⊒$	⊒	$a⊒b$		\sqsupseteq	⊒ ⊒	U+2292
$⋢$	⋢	$a⋢b$		\not\sqsubseteq	⋢	U+22E2
$⋣$	⋣	$a⋣b$		\not\sqsupseteq	⋣	U+22E3

 Binary relations

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
;	;	$R;S$	Composition of relations	;	;	U+003B
		Operation (mathematics)
$\bullet$	•		$a\bullet b$	\bullet	•	U+2219
$\ast$	∗		$a\ast b$	\ast	∗	U+2217
$T^{}$	⁻	$R^T$	Converse relation	T
$\stackrel{}{¯}$	⁻	$\overline{R}$	Complementary relation	\bar{R}
${+}^{}$	+	$R^{+}$	Transitive closure	+		U+002B
${\ast }^{}$	*	$R^{\ast }$	Reflexive closure	\ast	∗	U+002A

 Algebra

 Group theory

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\simeq$	≃	$G\simeq H$	Group isomorphism	\simeq		U+2243
$\cong$	≅	$G\cong H$		\cong	≅	U+2245
$\times$	⨯	$G\times H$	Direct product	\times	×	U+2A2F
$⋊$	⋊	$G⋊H$	Semidirect product	\rtimes	⋊	U+22CA
$\wr$	≀	$G\wr H$	Wreath product	\wr	≀	U+2240
$\le$	≤	$U\le G$	Subgroup	\leq	≤	U+2264
$<$	<	$U<G$		\lt	&lt;	U+003C
$⊲$	⊲	$N⊲G$	Normal subgroup	\vartriangleleft	&RightTriangle;	U+22B3
$⊴$	⊴	$N⊴G$		\trianglelefteq	&LeftTriangleEqual;	U+22B4
$⋪$	⋪	$N⋪G$		\not\vartriangleleft	&ntriangleleft;	U+22EA
$⋬$	⋬	$N⋬G$		\not\trianglelefteq	&NotLeftTriangleEqual;	U+22EC
$⊳$	⊳	$G⊳N$		\vartriangleright	&RightTriangle;	U+22B3
$⊵$	⊵	$G⊵N$		\trianglerighteq	&RightTriangleEqual;	U+22B5
$⋫$	⋫	$G⋫N$		\not\vartriangleright	&NotRightTriangle;	U+22EB
$⋭$	⋭	$G⋭N$		\not\trianglerighteq	&NotRightTriangleEqual;	U+22ED
$/$	/	$G/N$	Quotient group	/	&frasl;	U+002F
$:$	:	$(G:U)$	Index of a subgroup	\colon	&colon;	U+003A
$⟨⟩$	⟨ ⟩	$⟨E⟩$	Generating set of a group	\langle \rangle	&lang; &rang;	U+27E8/9
$[]$	[ ]	$[g,h]$	Commutator	[ ]	&lsqb; &rsqb;	U+005B/D

 Field theory

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$/$	/	$L/K$	Field extension	/	⁄	U+002F
$\mid$	|	$L\mid K$		\mid	|	U+007C
$:$	:	$L:K$		\colon	:	U+003A
		$[L:K]$	Degree of a field extension
$\overline{}$	◌̄	$\overline{K}$	Algebraic closure	\bar	̄	U+0304
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̅	$\bar{K}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
$()$	( )	$K(\alpha )$	Field extension, Algebraic number field	( )	( )	U+0028/9
$\mathbb{𝔽}$	𝔽		Finite field	\mathbb{F}	𝔽	U+1D53D
$\mathbb{𝕂}$	𝕂		Field (mathematics)	\mathbb{K}	𝕂	U+1D542

 Ring theory

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
${\ast }^{}$	∗	$R^{\ast }$	Group of units	\ast	∗	U+2217
${\times }^{}$	⨯	$R^{\times }$		\times	×	U+2A2F
$⊲$	⊲	$I⊲R$	Ideal (ring theory)	\vartriangleleft	⊲	U+22B2
$/$	/	$R/I$	Quotient ring	/	⁄	U+002F
$[]$	[ ]	$R[X]$	Polynomial ring	[ ]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$[[]]$	[ ]	$R[[X]],R((X))$	Formal power series	[[ ]]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$\mathrm{deg}$	deg	$\mathrm{deg}p(x)$	Degree of a polynomial	\deg	deg;

 Geometry

 Euclidean geometry

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$[]$	[ ]	$[AB]$	Line segment	[ ] \left[ \right]	[ ]	U+005B/D
$\left|\right|$	| |	$\left|AB\right|$		\vert	|	U+007C
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	̅	$\overline{AB}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
$\underset{\_}{}$	̲	$\underset{\_}{AB}$		\underline	̲	U+0332
$\overrightarrow{}$	⃗	$\overrightarrow{AB}$	Euclidean vector and Affine space	\vec	⃗	U+20D7
$\mathrm{\angle }$	∠	$\mathrm{\angle }ABC$	Angle	\angle	∠	U+2220
$\mathrm{△}$	△	$\mathrm{△}ABC$	Triangle	\triangle	△	U+25B3
$◻$	□	$◻\mathit{A}\mathit{B}\mathit{C}\mathit{D}$	Quadrilateral	\square	□	U+25A1
$\parallel$	∥	$g\parallel h$	Parallel (geometry)	\parallel	∥	U+2225
$\nparallel$	∦	$g\nparallel h$		\nparallel	∦	U+2226
$\perp$	⟂	$g\perp h$	Orthogonality	\perp	⊥	U+27C2

 Differential geometry

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\mathcal{ℒ}$	ℒ	${\mathcal{ℒ}}_X\omega$	Lie derivative	\mathcal{L}	ℒ	U+2112
$⌟$	⌟	$X⌟\omega$	Interior product	\mathbin{\lrcorner}	⌟	U+231F
$\iota$	𝜄	${\iota }_X\omega$		\iota	𝜄	U+1D704
$\wedge$	∧	$\omega \wedge \eta$	Wedge product	\wedge	∧	U+2227
$\bigwedge$	⋀	${\bigwedge }^{k}A$		\bigwedge	⋀	U+22C0

 Topology

Symbol	Unicode character	Usage	Articles with usage	LaTeX	HTML	Unicode Hex
$\partial$	∂	$\partial U$	Boundary (topology)	\partial	∂	U+2202
${\circ }^{}$	˚	$U^{\circ }$	Interior (topology)	\circ	°	U+02DA
$\overline{}$	◌̄	$\overline{z}$	Closure (topology)	\bar	̄	U+0304
$\stackrel{‾}{}$	◌̅	$\bar{z}$		\overline	̅	U+0305
$\dot{}$	◌̇	$\dot{U}(x)$	Punctured neighbourhood	\dot		U+0307

 Alphanumeric Symbols

المقالة الرئيسية: Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

 Digits

Caption: Digits

Name	Digits
Double-struck	𝟘 𝟙 𝟚 𝟛 𝟜 𝟝 𝟞 𝟟 𝟠 𝟡

 Alphabets

Caption: Alphabets

Name	Sub-type	Alphabet
Double-struck		ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ ℽ ℾ ℼ ℿ ⅀
	Mathematical	𝔸 𝔹 ℂ 𝔻 𝔼 𝔽 𝔾 ℍ 𝕀 𝕁 𝕂 𝕃 𝕄 ℕ 𝕆 ℙ ℚ ℝ 𝕊 𝕋 𝕌 𝕍 𝕎 𝕏 𝕐 ℤ
		𝕒 𝕓 𝕔 𝕕 𝕖 𝕗 𝕘 𝕙 𝕚 𝕛 𝕜 𝕝 𝕞 𝕟 𝕠 𝕡 𝕢 𝕣 𝕤 𝕥 𝕦 𝕧 𝕨 𝕩 𝕪 𝕫
	Italic	ⅆ ⅇ ⅈ ⅉ ⅅ
Script/Calligraphy	Mathematical	𝒜 ℬ 𝒞 𝒟 ℰ ℱ 𝒢 ℋ ℐ 𝒥 𝒦 ℒ ℳ 𝒩 𝒪 𝒫 𝒬 ℛ 𝒮 𝒯 𝒰 𝒱 𝒲 𝒳 𝒴 𝒵
		𝒶 𝒷 𝒸 𝒹 ℯ 𝒻 ℊ 𝒽 𝒾 𝒿 𝓀 𝓁 𝓂 𝓃 ℴ 𝓅 𝓆 𝓇 𝓈 𝓉 𝓊 𝓋 𝓌 𝓍 𝓎 𝓏
	Mathematical Bold	𝓐 𝓑 𝓒 𝓓 𝓔 𝓕 𝓖 𝓗 𝓘 𝓙 𝓚 𝓛 𝓜 𝓝 𝓞 𝓟 𝓠 𝓡 𝓢 𝓣 𝓤 𝓥 𝓦 𝓧 𝓨 𝓩
		𝓪 𝓫 𝓬 𝓭 𝓮 𝓯 𝓰 𝓱 𝓲 𝓳 𝓴 𝓵 𝓶 𝓷 𝓸 𝓹 𝓺 𝓻 𝓼 𝓽 𝓾 𝓿 𝔀 𝔁 𝔂 𝔃
Fraktur	Mathematical	𝔄 𝔅 ℭ 𝔇 𝔈 𝔉 𝔊 ℌ ℑ 𝔍 𝔎 𝔏 𝔐 𝔑 𝔒 𝔓 𝔔 ℜ 𝔖 𝔗 𝔘 𝔙 𝔚 𝔛 𝔜 ℨ
		𝔞 𝔟 𝔠 𝔡 𝔢 𝔣 𝔤 𝔥 𝔦 𝔧 𝔨 𝔩 𝔪 𝔫 𝔬 𝔭 𝔮 𝔯 𝔰 𝔱 𝔲 𝔳 𝔴 𝔵 𝔶 𝔷
	Mathematical Bold	𝕬 𝕭 𝕮 𝕯 𝕰 𝕱 𝕲 𝕳 𝕴 𝕵 𝕶 𝕷 𝕸 𝕹 𝕺 𝕻 𝕼 𝕽 𝕾 𝕿 𝖀 𝖁 𝖂 𝖃 𝖄 𝖅
		𝖆 𝖇 𝖈 𝖉 𝖊 𝖋 𝖌 𝖍 𝖎 𝖏𝖐 𝖑 𝖒 𝖓 𝖔 𝖕 𝖖 𝖗 𝖘 𝖙 𝖚 𝖛 𝖜 𝖝 𝖞 𝖟
Mono-space	Mathematical	𝙰 𝙱 𝙲 𝙳 𝙴 𝙵 𝙶 𝙷 𝙸 𝙹 𝙺 𝙻 𝙼 𝙽 𝙾 𝙿 𝚀 𝚁 𝚂 𝚃 𝚄 𝚅 𝚆 𝚇 𝚈 𝚉
		𝚊 𝚋 𝚌 𝚍 𝚎 𝚏 𝚐 𝚑 𝚒 𝚓 𝚔 𝚕 𝚖 𝚗 𝚘 𝚙 𝚚 𝚛 𝚜 𝚝 𝚞 𝚟 𝚠 𝚡 𝚢 𝚣
Greek		Α Β Γ ᴦ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Ῥ ☧ Σ Ϲ Τ Υ υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
		α β ᵝ ᵦ γ ᵞ ᵧ δ ᵟ ε ϵ ϶ ζ η Ͱ ͱ θ ϑ ϴ ᶿ ι ᶥ ℩ κ ϰ λ ᴧ μ µ ν ξ ο π ϖ ρ ῥ ῤ ϱ ϼ ᴩ ᵨ σ ς ϲ Ͻ ͻ Ͼ ͼ Ͽ ͽ τ ϒ φ ϕ χ ᵡ ᵪ ψ ᴪ ω
	Mathematical Italic	𝛢 𝛣 𝛤 𝛥 𝛦 𝛧 𝛨 𝛩 𝛪 𝛫 𝛬 𝛭 𝛮 𝛯 𝛰 𝛱 𝛲 𝛳 𝛴 𝛵 𝛶 𝛷 𝛸 𝛹 𝛺 𝛻
		𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝛿 𝜕 𝜀 𝜖 𝜁 𝜂 𝜃 𝜗 𝜄 𝜅 𝜘 𝜆 𝜇 𝜈 𝜉 𝜊 𝜋 𝜛 𝜌 𝜚 𝜍 𝜎 𝜏 𝜐 𝜑 𝜙 𝜒 𝜓 𝜔
	Non-Latin Italic	𝛼 𝛽 𝛤 𝛾 𝛥 𝛿 𝜀 𝜁 𝜂 𝛩 𝜃 𝛳 𝜗 𝜄 𝜅 𝜘 𝛬 𝜆 𝜇 𝜈 𝛯 𝜉 𝛱 𝜋 𝜌 𝜚 𝛴 𝜎 𝜍 𝜏 𝛶 𝜐 𝛷 𝜑 𝜙 𝜒 𝛹 𝜓 𝛺 𝜔
	Mathematical Bold	𝚨 𝚩 𝚪 𝚫 𝚬 𝚭 𝚮 𝚯 𝚰 𝚱 𝚲 𝚳 𝚴 𝚵 𝚶 𝚷 𝚸 𝚹 𝚺 𝚻 𝚼 𝚽 𝚾 𝚿 𝛀 𝛁
		𝛂 𝛃 𝛄 𝛅 𝛛 𝛆 𝛜 𝛇 𝛈 𝛉 𝛝 𝛊 𝛋 𝛞 𝛌 𝛍 𝛎 𝛏 𝛐 𝛑 𝛡 𝛒 𝛠 𝛓 𝛔 𝛕 𝛖 𝛗 𝛟 𝛘 𝛙 𝛚
	Mathematical Bold Italic	𝜜 𝜝 𝜞 𝜟 𝜠 𝜡 𝜢 𝜣 𝜤 𝜥 𝜦 𝜧 𝜨 𝜩 𝜪 𝜫 𝜬 𝜭 𝜮 𝜯 𝜰 𝜱 𝜲 𝜳 𝜴 𝜵
		𝜶 𝜷 𝜸 𝜹 𝝏 𝜺 𝝐 𝜻 𝜼 𝜽 𝝑 𝜾 𝜿 𝝀 𝝁 𝝂 𝝃 𝝄 𝝅 𝝕 𝝆 𝝔 𝝇 𝝈 𝝉 𝝊 𝝋 𝝓 𝝌 𝝒 𝝍 𝝎
	Double-struck	ℽ ℾ ℼ ℿ ⅀

 Greek Letters

Greek alphabet

Name	Greek Letter	Bold	Italic	Bold Italic	Sans-Serif Bold	Sans-Serif Bold Italic	APL	Double struck bold	Misc
Alpha	Α α	𝚨 𝛂	𝛢 𝛼	𝜜 𝜶	𝝖 𝝰	𝞐 𝞪	⍺ ⍶
Beta	Β β ᵝ ᵦ	𝚩 𝛃	𝛣 𝛽	𝜝 𝜷	𝝗 𝝱	𝞑 𝞫
Gamma	Γ γ ᴦ ᵞ ᵧ	𝚪 𝛄	𝛤 𝛾	𝜞 𝜸	𝝘 𝝲	𝞒 𝞬		ℾ ℽ
Delta	Δ δ ᵟ	𝚫 𝛅	𝛥 𝛿	𝜟 𝜹	𝝙 𝝳	𝞓 𝞭
Epsilon	Ε ε ϵ ϶	𝚬 𝛆	𝛦 𝜀	𝜠 𝜺	𝝚 𝝴	𝞔 𝞮	⍷
Zeta	Ζ ζ	𝚭 𝛇	𝛧 𝜁	𝜡 𝜻	𝝛 𝝵	𝞕 𝞯
Eta	Η η Ͱ ͱ	𝚮 𝛈	𝛨 𝜂	𝜢 𝜼	𝝜 𝝶	𝞖 𝞰
Theta	Θ θ ϑ ϴ ᶿ	𝚯 𝛉 𝚹 𝛝	𝛩 𝜃 𝛳 𝜗	𝜣 𝜽 𝜭 𝝑	𝝝 𝝷 𝚹 𝞋	𝞗 𝞱 𝜭 𝟅
Iota	Ι ι ᶥ ℩	𝚰 𝛊	𝛪 𝜄	𝜤 𝜾	𝝞 𝝸	𝞘 𝞲	⍳ ⍸
Kappa	Κ κ ϰ	𝚱 𝛋 𝛞	𝛫 𝜅 𝜘	𝜥 𝜿 𝝒	𝝟 𝝹 𝞌	𝞙 𝞳 𝟆
Lambda	Λ λ ᴧ	𝚲 𝛌	𝛬 𝜆	𝜦 𝝀	𝝠 𝝺	𝞚 𝞴
Mu	Μ μ µ	𝚳 𝛍	𝛭 𝜇	𝜧 𝝁	𝝡 𝝻	𝞛 𝞵
Nu	Ν ν	𝚴 𝛎	𝛮 𝜈	𝜨 𝝂	𝝢 𝝼	𝞜 𝞶
Xi	Ξ ξ	𝚵 𝛏	𝛯 𝜉	𝜩 𝝃	𝝣 𝝽	𝞝 𝞷
Omicron	Ο ο	𝚶 𝛐	𝛰 𝜊	𝜪 𝝄	𝝤 𝝾	𝞞 𝞸
Pi	Π π ϖ	𝚷 𝛑	𝛱 𝜋	𝜫 𝝅	𝝥 𝝿	𝞟 𝞹		ℿ ℼ	∏ ∐
Rho	Ρ ρ Ῥ ῥ ῤ ϱ ϼ ᴩ ᵨ ☧	𝚸 𝛒 𝛠	𝛲 𝜌 𝜚	𝜬 𝝆 𝝔	𝝦 𝞀 𝞎	𝞠 𝞺 𝟈	⍴
Sigma	Σ σ ς Ϲ ϲ Ͻ ͻ Ͼ ͼ Ͽ ͽ	𝚺 𝛔 𝛓	𝛴 𝜎 𝜍	𝜮 𝝈 𝝇	𝝨 𝞂 𝞁	𝞢 𝞼 𝞻		⅀	∑
Tau	Τ τ	𝚻 𝛕	𝛵 𝜏	𝜯 𝝉	𝝩 𝞃	𝞣 𝞽
Upsilon	Υ υ ϒ	𝚼 𝛖	𝛶 𝜐	𝜰 𝝊	𝝪 𝞄	𝞤 𝞾
Phi	Φ φ ϕ	𝚽 𝛗 𝛟	𝛷 𝜑 𝜙	𝜱 𝝋 𝝓	𝝫 𝞅 𝞍	𝞥 𝞿 𝟇
Chi	Χ χᵡᵪ☧	𝚾 𝛘	𝛸 𝜒	𝜲 𝝌	𝝬 𝞆	𝞦 𝟀
Psi	Ψ ψ ᴪ	𝚿 𝛙	𝛹 𝜓	𝜳 𝝍	𝝭 𝞇	𝞧 𝟁
Omega	Ω ω	𝛀 𝛚	𝛺 𝜔	𝜴 𝝎	𝝮 𝞈	𝞨 𝟂	⍵ ⍹

 See also

Unicode and LaTeX

• List of mathematical symbols
  • List of logic symbols
  • Blackboard bold#Usage
• Help:Displaying a formula

LaTeX

• Help:Displaying a formula#Formatting using TeX - An extensive list of LaTeX examples.
• Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols

Unicode

• Lists of Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
  • Mathematical Operators and Supplemental Mathematical Operators
  • List of mathematical symbols
  • Miscellaneous Math Symbols: A, B, Technical
  • Arrow (symbol) and Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows and arrow symbols
  • ISO 31-11 (Mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology)
  • Number Forms
  • Geometric Shapes
  • Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols
• Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (Unicode block)
  • Mathematical constants and functions
  • Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date
• List of Unicode characters
  • Letterlike Symbols
  • Unicode block

Conventions and guidelines

• Typographical conventions and common meanings of symbols:
  • APL syntax and symbols
  • Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
  • Latin letters used in mathematics
  • List of common physics notations
  • List of letters used in mathematics and science
  • List of mathematical abbreviations
  • Mathematical notation
  • Notation in probability and statistics
  • Physical constants
• Wikipedia notation and formula guidelines:
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics#Mathematical conventions
  • Wikipedia:WikiProject Logic/Standards for notation
  • Help:Special characters

Other

• Diacritic
• Language of mathematics

 Bibliography

• Tilo Arens; Frank Hettlich; Christian Karpfinger; Ulrich Kockelkorn; Klaus Lichtenegger; Hellmuth Stachel (2011) (in German), Mathematik (2. ed.), Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, pp. 1483ff, ISBN 978-3-827-42347-4 
• Wolfgang Hackbusch (2010) (in German), Taschenbuch der Mathematik, Band 1 (3. ed.), Springer, pp. 1275ff, ISBN 978-3-835-10123-4 
• Deutsches Institut für Normung: DIN 1302: Allgemeine mathematische Zeichen und Begriffe, Beuth-Verlag, 1999.
• Deutsches Institut für Normung: DIN 1303: Vektoren, Matrizen, Tensoren; Zeichen und Begriffe, Beuth-Verlag, 1987.
• International Standards Organisation: DIN EN ISO 80000-2: Größen und Einheiten – Teil 2: Mathematische Zeichen für Naturwissenschaft und Technik, 2013.

Note: This article is a translation of the German Wikipedia article de:Liste mathematischer Symbole.

 وصلات خارجية

LaTeX and Unicode

• Symbols defined by unicode-math - Lists LaTeX and corresponding Unicode symbols
• Unicode characters and corresponding LaTeX math mode command

LaTeX

• Scott Pakin (25 June 2020). "The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List" (PDF; 4,4 MB). The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN). Retrieved 8 August 2020.
• Detexify − Online tool: Find LaTeX code for a symbol by drawing it.

Unicode

• Symbols defined by unicode-math
• "Mathematical Operators – Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-07-20.
• Lists Unicode Block "Mathematical Operators"
• Lists Unicode Block "Supplemental Mathematical Operators"
• Lists Unicode Block "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A"
• Lists Unicode Block "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B"
• Lists Unicode Block "Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
• Shapecatcher − Online tool: Find Unicode and HTML codes for a symbol by drawing it.