باطومي

Coordinates: 41°38′19″N 41°38′14″E / 41.63861°N 41.63722°E / 41.63861; 41.63722
(تم التحويل من Batumi)
"Batum" redirects here. For other uses, see Batum (توضيح).
باطومي
ბათუმი
Batumi
City
Batumi Bay seen from Botanical Garden
City skyline and Lesser Caucasus mountains
Colonnades of the seaside boulevard
Batumi Seaport
Ali and Nino
Flag of باطومي
Flag
Coat of arms of باطومي
Coat of arms
خريطة
باطومي is located in أجارا
باطومي
موقع باطومي في جورجيا
باطومي is located in جورجيا
باطومي
باطومي (جورجيا)
باطومي is located in أوروپا
باطومي
باطومي (أوروپا)
باطومي is located in آسيا
باطومي
باطومي (آسيا)
Coordinates: 41°38′45″N 41°38′30″E / 41.64583°N 41.64167°E / 41.64583; 41.64167
البلد جورجيا
جمهورية حكم ذاتيأجاريا أجاريا
تأسستالقرن الثامن
وضع المدينة1866
Government
 • العمدةروبرت چخايدزه
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2026)[1]
 • Total
246٬300
 • Rank2nd in Georgia
 • Density2٬989/km2 (7٬740/sq mi)
GDP (Nominal, 2024)[2]
 • Metro₾7.516 billion
(US$2.870 billion)
 • Per capita₾30,516
(US$11,652)
Time zoneUTC+4 (Georgian Time)
Postal code
6000-6010
Area code(+995) 422
Websitebatumi.ge Edit this at Wikidata

باطومي (Batumi ؛ /bɑːˈtuːmi/; بالجورجية: ბათუმი تـُنطق [ˈb̥a'tʰu.mi] استمع (المساعدة·معلومات))، هي مدينة ساحلية على شاطئ البحر الأسود، وهي عاصمة أجاريا، الجمهورية ذاتية الحكم في جنوب جورجيا. يبلغ عدد سكانها 246,300 نسمة (تعداد 2026). وتقع على بعد 20 كم شمال الحدود التركية. It is situated in a subtropical zone at the foot of the Caucasus. Much of Batumi's economy revolves around tourism and gambling (it is nicknamed "The Las Vegas of the Black Sea"), but the city is also an important seaport and includes industries like shipbuilding, food processing and light manufacturing. Since 2010, Batumi has been transformed by the construction of modern high-rise buildings, as well as the restoration of classical 19th-century edifices lining its historic Old Town.[3]

التاريخ

Timeline of Batumi
Historical affiliations
 Lazica (to 780)

Kingdom of Abkhazia, 780–1010
Kingdom of Georgia, 1010–1455
Coat of arms of Kingdom of Imereti. Kingdom of Imereti 1455–1703
Ottoman Empire, 1703–1878
Russian Empire, 1878–1918
British Empire, 1918–1920
Dem. Rep. of Georgia, 1920–1921
USSR (Adj. ASSR in G.SSR) 1921–1991
 Adjara (de facto independent, de jure part of Georgia) 1991–2004

 جورجيا (AR of Adjara), 1991 (2004)–present
المقالة الرئيسية: تاريخ باتومي

Batumi is located on the site of the ancient Greek colony in Colchis called "Bathus" or "Bathys", derived from (Ancient Greek: βαθύς λιμεν, bathus limen; or βαθύς λιμήν, bathys limēn; lit. the 'deep harbor'). Under Hadrian (117–138 ADح. 117–138 AD), it was converted into a fortified Roman port and later deserted for the fortress of Petra founded in the time of Justinian I (527–565ح. 527–565). Garrisoned by the Roman-Byzantine forces, it was formally a possession of the kingdom of Lazica until being occupied briefly by the Arabs, who did not hold it; In 780 Lazica fell to kingdom of Abkhazia via a dynastic union; the latter led the unification of the Georgian monarchy in the 11th century.

From 1010, it was governed by the eristavi (ერისთავი, viceroy) of the king of Georgia. In the late 15th century, after the disintegration of the Georgian kingdom, Batumi passed to the princes (mtavari, მთავარი) of Guria, a western Georgian principality under the sovereignty of the kings of Imereti.

A curious incident occurred in 1444 when a Burgundian flotilla, after a failed crusade against the Ottoman Empire, penetrated the Black Sea and engaged in piracy along its eastern coastline until the Burgundians under the knight Geoffroy de Thoisy were ambushed while landing to raid Vaty, as Europeans then knew Batumi. De Thoisy was taken captive and released through the mediation of the emperor John IV of Trebizond.

الحكم العثماني

In the 15th century in the reign of the prince Kakhaber Gurieli, the Ottomans conquered the town and its district but did not hold them. They returned to it in force a century later and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Georgian armies at Sokhoista. Batumi was recaptured by the Georgians several times, first in 1546 by prince Rostom Gurieli, who lost it soon afterwards, and again in 1609 by Mamia II Gurieli. In 1703, Batumi again became part of the Ottoman Empire. In the one-and-a-half century of Ottoman rule it grew into a provincial port serving the Empire's hinterlands on the eastern fringes of the Black Sea. After the Ottoman conquest, Islamization of the hitherto Christian region began but this was terminated and to a great degree reversed, after the area was annexed to Russian Imperial Georgia after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.

التاريخ المبكر

في عهد الامبراطورية الروسية

ميناء باتومي في 1881.

It was the last Black Sea port annexed by Russia during the Russian conquest of that area of the Caucasus. In 1878, Batumi was annexed by the Russian Empire in accordance with the Treaty of San Stefano between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (ratified on 23 March). Occupied by the Russians on 28 August 1878, the town was declared a free port until 1886. It functioned as the center of a special military district until being incorporated in the Kutaisi Governorate on 12 June 1883.[citation needed] Finally, on 1 June 1903, with the Artvin Okrug, the Batum Okrug was established as the Batum Oblast and placed under the direct administration of the Viceroy of the Caucasus.[citation needed]

The expansion of Batumi began with the construction of the Batumi–Tiflis–Baku Transcaucasus Railway (completed in 1883[4][5]), and the Baku–Batumi pipeline which opened in 1907.[6] Henceforth, Batumi became the chief Russian oil port in the Black Sea. The population increased rapidly doubling within 20 years: from 8,671 inhabitants in 1882 to 12,000 in 1889. By 1902 the population had reached 16,000, with 1,000 working in the refinery for Baron Rothschild's Caspian and Black Sea Oil Company.[7][8]

In the late 1880s and after, more than 7,400 Doukhobor emigrants sailed for Canada from Batumi, after the government agreed to let them emigrate.[citation needed] Quakers and Tolstoyans aided in collecting funds for the relocation of the religious minority, which had come into conflict with the Imperial government over its refusal to serve in the military and other positions. Canada settled them in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.[citation needed]

الحرب، الشيوعية والاستقلال

ميناء في باطومي

During 1901, sixteen years prior to the October Revolution, Joseph Stalin, the future leader of the Soviet Union, lived in the city organizing strikes. On 3 March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave the city back to the Ottoman Empire, confirmed in the Treaty of Batum of June 1918 between the Ottoman Empire and the new Democratic Republic of Georgia. As result of the end of World War I the British took control over Batumi from December 1918,[9] who stayed until July 1920 when the city and province was transferred to the Democratic Republic of Georgia, which gave Adjara autonomy. In 1921 Kemal Atatürk ceded the northern part of Adjara, including Batumi, to the Bolsheviks who reconquered the Transcaucasian republics, on the condition that it be granted autonomy for the sake of the Muslims among Batumi's mixed population.[10]

When Georgia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Aslan Abashidze was appointed head of Adjara's governing council and subsequently held onto power throughout the unrest of the 1990s. While Abkhazia and South Ossetia areas attempted to break away from the Georgian state, Adjara remained an integral part of the republic. Instead, Abashidze turned Adjara into his personal fiefdom.[11] In May 2004, he fled to Russia[12] after mass protests in Batumi,[13] which concluded the 2004 Adjara crisis.

بعد 1991

Batumi today is one of the main port cities of Georgia. It has the capacity for 80,000-ton tankers[citation needed] to take materials such as oil that are shipped through Georgia from Central Asia. Additionally, the city exports regional agricultural products. Since 1995 the freight conversion of the port has constantly risen, with an approximate 8 million tons in 2001. The annual revenue from the port is estimated at between $200 million and $300 million.[citation needed]

As Georgia's Black Sea coast continues to develop, high-rises are being built amongst Batumi's traditionally classical cityscapes.

Since the change of power in Adjara, Batumi has attracted international investors, and the prices of real estate in the city have trebled since 2001. In July 2007, the seat of the Constitutional Court of Georgia was moved from Tbilisi to Batumi to stimulate regional development.[14] Several new hotels opened after 2009, first the Sheraton in 2010 and the Radisson Blu in 2011.[citation needed] The city features several casinos that attract tourists from Turkey, where gambling is illegal.[citation needed]

Batumi was host to the Russian 12th Military Base. Following the Rose Revolution, the central government pushed for the removal of these forces and reached an agreement in 2005 with Moscow. According to the agreement, the process of withdrawal was planned to be completed in 2008, but the Russians completed the transfer of the Batumi base to Georgia on 13 November 2007, ahead of schedule.[15]

الجغرافيا

المناخ

نافورة جامعة باطومي.

Batumi has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) according to Köppen's classification. The city's climate is heavily influenced by the onshore flow from the Black Sea and is subject to the orographic effect of the nearby hills and mountains, resulting in significant rainfall throughout most of the year, making Batumi the wettest city in both Georgia and the entire Caucasus Region.

The average annual temperature in Batumi is approximately 14 °C (57 °F). January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 5 °C (41 °F). August is the hottest month, with an average temperature of 22 °C (72 °F). The absolute minimum recorded temperature is −6 °C (21 °F), and the absolute maximum is 40 °C (104 °F). The number of days with daily temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F) is 239. The city receives 1958 hours of sunshine per year.

Batumi's average annual precipitation is 2،435 mm (95.9 in). November is the wettest month with an average of 312 mm (12.3 in) of precipitation, while May is the driest, averaging 84 mm (3.3 in). Batumi receives snow most years, but it is often limited in amount (accumulating snowfall of more than 30 cm (11.8 in) is rare), and the number of days with snow cover for the year is 12. The average level of relative humidity ranges from 70 to 80%.

ملف:Batumiroad.jpg
باطومي
ملف:Batumitod.jpg
تمثال ميديا في نهج باطومي
متوسطات الطقس لباتومي
شهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر السنة
العظمى القياسية °C (°F) 23 (73) 26 (79) 28 (82) 32 (90) 33 (91) 36 (97) 40 (104) 32 (90) 34 (93) 31 (88) 30 (86) 24 (75) 40 (104)
متوسط العظمى °م (°ف) 9 (48) 10 (50) 11 (52) 15 (59) 18 (64) 22 (72) 25 (77) 25 (77) 22 (72) 19 (66) 15 (59) 11 (52) 17 (63)
متوسط الصغرى °م (°ف) 3 (37) 4 (39) 5 (41) 9 (48) 13 (55) 17 (63) 19 (66) 19 (66) 16 (61) 13 (55) 9 (48) 6 (43) 11 (52)
الصغرى القياسية °م (°F) -5 (23) -7 (19) -5 (23) 1 (34) 5 (41) 6 (43) 11 (52) 7 (45) 10 (50) 1 (34) 1 (34) -6 (21) −7 (19)
هطول الأمطار mm (بوصة) 281 (11.1) 228 (9) 174 (6.9) 122 (4.8) 92 (3.6) 163 (6.4) 182 (7.2) 255 (10) 335 (13.2) 306 (12) 304 (12) 276 (10.9) 2٬718 (107)
المصدر: weatherbase.com[16] 6.04.2009

أقسام المدينة

According to the 31 March 2008, decision of the Batumi City Council, Batumi is divided into seven boroughs, those of:

  • Old Batumi (ძველი ბათუმის უბანი)
  • Rustaveli (რუსთაველის უბანი)
  • Khimshiashvili (ხიმშიაშვილის უბანი)
  • Bagrationi (ბაგრატიონის უბანი)
  • Aghmashenebeli (აღმაშენებლის უბანი)
  • Javakhishvili (ჯავახიშვილის უბანი)
  • Tamar (თამარის უბანი)
  • Boni-Gorodok (ბონი-გოროდოკის უბანი)
  • Airport (აეროპორტის უბანი)
  • Gonio-Kvariati (გონიო-კვარიათის უბანი)
  • Kakhaberi (კახაბრის უბანი)
  • Batumi Industrial (ბათუმის სამრეწველო უბანი)
  • Green Cape (მწვანე კონცხის უბანი)[17]

أفق المدينة

Port of Batumi in 1881

Contemporary architecture

Batumi Neptun Square
Batumi boulevard and beach
Marriott Hotel, Batumi
Radisson Blu Hotel, Batumi

Batumi's skyline has been transformed since 2007 with remarkable buildings and monuments of contemporary architecture,[3] including:[18]

  • Marriott Hotel
  • Radisson Blu hotel
  • Public Service Hall
  • Hilton Batumi
  • Leogrand

A large Kempinski hotel and casino is to open in 2013, a Hilton Hotel as well as a 47-storey Trump Tower is also planned.[19] Alliance Privilege, a building compromising Marriott Hotel, Casino and serviced apartments is one of the contemporary buildings with unique architecture by the beach.

Novelty architecture

Novelty architecture in Batumi includes:

المعالم

المعالم الرئيسية

Attractions include

Tourist attractions

Panorama view of Batumi Europe Square and Medea Statue

المواصلات

The city is served by Batumi Airport, one of three international airports in the country.

الديموغرافيا والديانة

رصيف قوارب في باطومي.

According to the 2002 Georgian census, Batumi had a population of 121,806 with كثافة سكان of 7293.8 per km2. Ethnic groups include:

الدين

Of the 4,970 inhabitants in 1872, about 4,500 were Muslim (Adjarians, Turks, Circassians, and Abkhazians). In the 1897 census, the Orthodox Christian population was 15,495 (mostly Slavs) while Muslims numbered 3,156, including some of whom were citizens of Turkey.[23]

As of 2014, out of 152,839 inhabitants of Batumi, 68,7% is Eastern Orthodox Christian, and they primarily adhere to the national Georgian Orthodox Church.[24][25] Muslims make up 25,3% of population,[24] while there are also Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Jehovah's Witness, Seventh-day Adventist, and Jewish communities.[25]

The main places of worship in the city are:

الثقافة

Apollo Cinema

Batumi has 18 various museums, including State Art Museum of Adjara. Rugby Union club Batumi RC competes in the Georgian Didi 10 and previously competed in the Pan-European Rugby Europe Super Cup. Football club FC Dinamo Batumi play at the Batumi stadium.

A sculpture by Tamara Kvesitadze of two standing figures on the seashore shows the story first told in the 1937 Austrian novel, Ali and Nino, of lovers who are parted after World War I. Each day, the two figures move toward each other but never stay together. Ali, an Azerbaijani Muslim, falls in love with Georgian princess, Nino, but sadly, after they are finally able to get together, the war hits home and Ali is killed. It was installed in 2010.[27]

السياحة

المعالم السياحية تتضمن متحف أجارا الحكومي، حديقة نباتات باطومي، التي بدأها الپروفسور كراسنوڤ (شقيق الجنرال پيوتر كراسنوڤ)، aquarium, circus, and a former resort area along the Black Sea coast.

طوابع البريد

المقالة الرئيسية: Postage stamps of Batum under British occupation

مدن شقيقة

مشاهير باتومي

Notable people who are from or have resided in Batumi:

المصادر

  1. ^ "Population – National Statistics Office of Georgia". Archived from the original on 2 July 2025. Retrieved 15 July 2025.
  2. ^ "რეგიონული სტატისტიკა".
  3. ^ أ ب Spritzer, Dinah (9 September 2010). "Glamour revives port of Batumi". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  4. ^ А.Э. Котов (A.E. Kotov) (17 July 2009). ""Из истории Южно-Кавказской железной дороги" ("From the History of the South Caucasus Railway")" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 6 September 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ "Каспийско-Черноморское нефтепромышленное и торговое общество (Баку) - Ротшильды и Баку" [Caspian-Black Sea Oil Industry and Trade Society – Rothschilds and Baku] (in Russian). Our Baku. Retrieved 31 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ Mir-Yusif Mir-Babayev (February 2015). "Baku-Batumi – The world's longest pipeline" (in English). Visions of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 31 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ Simon Sebag Montefiore, Young Stalin, page 77.
  8. ^ Yergin, Daniel (1991). The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9780671799328.
  9. ^ Andersen, Andrew (2014). Abkhazia and Sochi – The roots of the conflict 1918-1921. Asteroid Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-1495381454.
  10. ^ Nazaroff, Alexander (1922). "Russia's Treaty with Turkey". Current History. 17 (2): 276–279. ISSN 2641-080X. JSTOR 45330678.
  11. ^ "Aslan Abashidze" (in English). BBC. 4 May 2004. Retrieved 11 November 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ "Abashidze Flees Georgia" (in English). Civil.ge. 6 May 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ "15,000 Protesters Demand Abashidze's Resignation" (in English). Civil.ge. 5 May 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "საქართველოს საკონსტიტუციო სასამართლო". constcourt.ge. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
  15. ^ "Russia Hands Over Batumi Military Base to Georgia". Civil Georgia, Tbilisi. 13 November 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
  16. ^ "Weatherbase" (in English). Retrieved April 6 2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  17. ^ (in جورجية) დადგენილება N 3-1 ბათუმის უბნები[dead link] (Decision #3.1. Boroughs of Batumi). Batumi City Council. Accessed 15 November 2009
  18. ^ Planet, Lonely; Noble, John; Kohn, Michael; Systermans, Danielle (1 April 2012). Lonely Planet Georgia, Armenia & Azerbaijan. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781743213032. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016 – via Google Books.
  19. ^ "TOURISM IS FLOURISHING IN BLACK SEA RESORT", AP, November 11, 2012 Archived 17 أغسطس 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "News & Events". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013.
  21. ^ "باتومی – گرجستان". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  22. ^ Georgia Census 2002: Ethnic group by major administrative-territorial units. State Departments of Statistics of Georgia. Accessed October 11, 2007.
  23. ^ Sichinava, V (1958). Batumis ist'oriidan ბათუმის ისტორიიდან [From the History of Batumi] (in الجورجية). Batumi. p. 110.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ أ ب "georgia-religion 2014". Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  25. ^ أ ب National Statistics Office of Georgia. Population Census 2014: Population by Regions and Religion Archived 14 سبتمبر 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved: 6 May 2016
  26. ^ "Batumi: sights". Official website of Batumi. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  27. ^ "Ali and Nino, Batumi, Georgia". October 23, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  • Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia. Georgian SSR (Supplementary Edition). 1981. pp. 16–18.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Batumi

| Batumi

]].

41°38′19″N 41°38′14″E / 41.63861°N 41.63722°E / 41.63861; 41.63722{{#coordinates:}}: لا يمكن أن يكون هناك أكثر من وسم أساسي واحد لكل صفحة

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