قائمة حكام لتوانيا

(تم التحويل من گراندوق لتوانيا)
الرئيس جمهورية لتوانيا
Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas
Flag of the President of Lithuania.svg
Coat of arms of the President of Lithuania.svg
الحالي
Gitanas Nausėda

منذ 12 يوليو 2019
الأسلوبHis/Her Excellency
عضوالمجلس الأوروپي
المقرالقصر الرئاسي
ڤلنيوس
المعيـِّنانتخاب مباشر
طول المدةFive years
renewable once, consecutively
الشاغل الافتتاحيAntanas Smetona
4 أبريل 1919
التشكلدستور لتوانيا
الراتب€70,000[1] (سنوياً، بعد الضرائب)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.president.lt

The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes,a king, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory. The timeline includes Lithuania as a sovereign entity or legitimately part of a greater sovereign entity, as well as Lithuania under control or occupation of an outside authority (i.e. Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic). The incumbents and office-holders are listed by names most commonly used in English language. Where appropriate, the alternatives in Lithuanian, Ruthenian (later Belarusian) and Polish are included.

The state of Lithuania was formed in the 1230s: when threatened by the Livonian Order in the north and the Teutonic Knights in the west, the Baltic tribes united under the leadership of Mindaugas. He became the only crowned king of Lithuania. His state became known as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After Grand Duke Jogaila became also king of Poland in 1386, the two states became more closely connected, and from 1440 both were ruled by a common ruler. In 1569 the Union of Lublin was signed and a new entity—the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—emerged. The commonwealth was partitioned in 1795 and Lithuania became part of the Russian Empire until 16 February 1918. The Council of Lithuania was able to establish the country's sovereignty only in 1919, after the end of World War I. The first republic of Lithuania existed until 1940, when it was occupied by the Soviet Union. During the Soviet-German War, Lithuania was occupied by Nazi Germany. In 1944, as Germany was losing the war, Russia re-occupied Lithuania and established the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to declare independence. The restored Republic of Lithuania is a democratic republic, a member of both the European Union and NATO.

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گراندوقية لتوانيا (1236–1569)

Title: Grand Duke (لتوانية: didysis kunigaikštis; بالبيلاروسية: vialiki kniaź; پولندية: wielki książę) except for Mindaugas, who became king of Lithuania (لتوانية: Lietuvos karalius).


بيت مينداوگاس (1236–1268)

Dates are approximate because of scant written sources.

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة التعليقات
ح. 1236–1263 مينداوگاس Mindaugas.jpg في البداية گراندوق، منذ 1253 ملك لتوانيا. After he was killed by his nephew Treniota, a war between nobles for power erupted.
1263–1265 Treniota Treniota.jpg
1265–1268 Vaišvilkas Vojshalk.png Son of Mindaugas, voluntarily gave up the throne in favour of his brother-in-law Švarnas.

مونوماخوڤيتشي (1268–1269)

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة التعليقات
1268–1269 Švarnas Shvarn.jpg

بيت مينداوگاس (1269–1285)

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة التعليقات
1270–1282 Traidenis Lithuanian Grand Duke Traidenis.JPG
1282–1285 Daumantas

بيت گديميناس (1285–1440)

بعض التواريخ تقريبية.

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة التعليقات
1285–1291 Butigeidis مؤسس Gediminid dynasty
1291–1295 Butvydas Brother of Butigeidis, father of Vytenis and Gediminas
1295–1316 Vytenis Vytenis kunigaikštis.jpg Son of Butvydas
1316–1341 Gediminas Gedimin grav xvii.jpg Son of Butvydas. After his death, the domain was divided between his seven sons.
1341–1345 Jaunutis Son of Gediminas. Overlord and Grand Duke, deposed by his brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis.
1345–1377 Algirdas Kunigaikštis Algirdas.jpg Son of Gediminas. His co-ruler was Kęstutis, who was active in the west. Algirdas was mostly active in the east.
1377–1381 Jogaila Jogaila of Lithuania.Image from around 1475-1480.jpg Son of Algirdas. Crowned the King of Poland in 1386 and established the personal union of Lithuania and Poland. Founder of the House of Jogailaičiai.
1381–1382 Kęstutis Kiejstut.JPG Son of Gediminas, co-ruler with Algirdas. Kęstutis ruled western Lithuania (with its capital in Trakai). He deposed Jogaila in 1381 and took control of the whole of Lithuania, only to be captured and killed by him the next year.
1382–1392 Jogaila Jogaila of Lithuania.Image from around 1475-1480.jpg Also King of Poland 1386–1434. His governor in Lithuania was Skirgaila (1387–1392).
1392–1430 Vytautas the Great Vytautas the great.jpg Son of Kęstutis. He joined his father in the fight against Jogaila, then changed sides and became Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1392. He was to be crowned King of Lithuania in 1429, but the crown was stopped[مطلوب توضيح] by the Poles. He died before the second crown arrived.
1430–1432 Švitrigaila Lithuanian Grand Duke Švitrigaila.jpg Son of Algirdas, brother of Jogaila. Deposed by followers of Žygimantas, son of Kęstutis.
1432–1440 Sigismund Kęstutaitis Seal of Sigismund Kestutis.PNG Son of Kęstutis, brother of Vytautas. Killed by Švitrigaila's supporters.

بيت ياگيلون (1440–1569)

The act of personal union with Poland was signed as early as 1385; however, the continuous line of common rulers of the two countries started only with Casimir IV (even then, Polish and Lithuanians twice selected different rulers following the death of an earlier common monarch, but the Lithuanian one always eventually assumed the Polish throne). The monarchs retained separate titles for both parts of the state, and their numbering was kept separate. The أسرة ياگيلون was a direct continuation of the Gediminids.

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة التعليقات
1440–1492 Casimir IV Jagiellon Casimir IV Jagiellon.PNG Son of Jogaila. Elected and crowned King of Poland in 1447 after the death of king Władysław III of Poland
1492–1506 Alexander I Alexander of Poland.PNG Son of Casimir IV. Elected and crowned King of Poland in 1501 after the death of king John I Albert
1506–1548 Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I of Poland.PNG Son of Casimir IV.
1548–1569 Sigismund II Augustus Sigismundus II Augustus of Poland.PNG Son of Sigismund I the Old. De facto ruler since 1529.


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الكومنولث الپولندي-اللتواني (1569–1795)

تأسس الكومنولث الپولندي-اللتواني باتحاد لوبلن في 1569. The elected King of Poland was to be elected by Lithuanian noble families as a Grand Duke of Lithuania (until then the Lithuanian dukedom was hereditary). The first common ruler of both countries was Sigismund II Augustus. Following the partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795, the commonwealth ceased to exist and Lithuania became part of the Russian Empire for 123 years. There are some gaps in the timeline as it took a while to elect a new king. The first Grand Duke elected after the Gediminid line became extinct and after the Valois fled back to France was Stephen Báthory, who had made an effort to be recognized as Grand Duke of Lithuania by establishing Vilnius University.

اللقب: ملك پولندا وگراندوق لتوانيا

لتوانية: Lenkijos karalius ir Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis

بالبيلاروسية: кароль Польшчы, вялікі князь літоўскі (karol Polščy, vialiki kniaź litoŭski)

پولندية: Król Polski, wielki książę litewski

لاتينية: Rex Poloniae et Magnus Dux Lituaniae

الفترة الگراندوق الصورة البيت تعليقات
1569–1572 Sigismund II Augustus Sigismundus II Augustus of Poland.PNG Jagiellon Son of Sigismund I the Old.
1573–1575 Henry Valois Bacciarelli - Henri.jpeg Valois He abandoned the throne and fled to France, where he was crowned as King Henry III.
1575-
1586/1596
[which?]
Anna I Jagiellon

Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow

Jagiellon Daughter of Sigismund I the Old.
1576–1586 Stephen Báthory Stefan Batory 11.PNG Báthory Received the title jure uxoris since he was married to Anna Jagiellon;
Báthory
1588–1632 Sigismund III Vasa Bacciarelli - Zygmunt III.jpeg Vasa Proponent of a personal union between The Republic and Sweden, King of Sweden between 1592 and 1599.
1632–1648 Ladislaus IV Vasa Wladislaus IV of Poland.PNG
1648–1668 John II Casimir Vasa Bacciarelli - Jan Kazimierz.jpeg Abdicated and became a monk, last of the Vasa dynasty in Poland-Lithuania.
1669–1673 Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki Bacciarelli - Michał.jpeg Lithuanian nobility
1674–1696 John III Sobieski John III Sobieski of Poland.PNG Polish szlachta
1697–1706 Augustus II the Strong Friedrich August der Starke von Polen.jpg Wettin Also Elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I.
1706–1709 Stanisław Leszczyński Stanislaw Leszczynski1.jpg Polish szlachta Great Northern War
1709–1733 Augustus II the Strong Friedrich August der Starke von Polen.jpg Wettin 2nd reign
Also Elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I.
1733–1736 Stanisław Leszczyński Stanislaw Leszczynski1.jpg Polish szlachta 2nd reign
War of Polish Succession
1733–1763 August III Wettin King Augustus III of Poland.jpg Wettin
1764–1795 Stanislaus August II Stanisław II August Poniatowski in coronation clothes.PNG Polish szlachta During his reign the merger of the Grand Duchy with the Kingdom of Poland was passed in 1791; abdicated following the Partitions of Poland; died in exile in Russia.

مملكة لتوانيا (1918)

The Council of Lithuania declared independence on 16 February 1918 and invited Wilhelm of Urach to become king of Lithuania. The name of the state was the Kingdom of Lithuania. On 9 July 1918, the council declared the Duke of Urach as King Mindaugas II of Lithuania. However, on 2 November the council revoked this decision as it was likely Germany would lose the war.

Term Incumbent Image House Remarks
11 July – 2 November 1918 Mindaugas II
(Wilhelm Karl)
ملف:WilhelofUrach.jpg House of Urach Government change to a democratic republic.

دولة لتوانيا (1918–1920)

State of Lithuania was ruled by the Presidium of the State Council of Lithuania, its chairman was de facto Head of State. Institution of Presidium of the State Council of Lithuania was changed into President's[مطلوب توضيح] on 4 April 1919. Chairman of the Presidium Antanas Smetona was elected as First President of the State of Lithuania by the State Council of Lithuania.

No Term President Image Remarks
- 2 November 1918 – 4 April 1919 Antanas Smetona Antanas Smetona 2.jpg President of the Presidium of the Council of Lithuania.
1 4 April 1919 – 19 June 1920 Elected as the President of Lithuania by the Council of Lithuania.

جمهورية لتوانيا (1920–1940)

The institution of President (لتوانية: Prezidentas) was created on 4 April 1919.

No Term President الصورة التعليقات
2 19 June 1920 – 7 June 1926 Aleksandras Stulginskis Aleksandras Stulginskis (1885-1969).jpg Acting President (as Constituent Assembly). Re-elected by the Seimas on 21 December 1922 and in June 1923.
3 7 June – 18 December 1926 Kazys Grinius Kazys Grinius.jpg Elected by parliament, but overthrown by a military coup d'état.
- 18–19 December 1926 Jonas Staugaitis Jonas Staugaitis.jpg Formally, for one day, as the head of Seimas (renounced the office after the coup d'état).
- 19 December 1926 Aleksandras Stulginskis Aleksandras Stulginskis (1885-1969).jpg Formally, as the new head of Seimas, only for several hours.[Is this notable?]
(1) 19 December 1926 – 15 June 1940 Antanas Smetona Antanas Smetona 2.jpg Second term, elected president after a military coup d'état. After the Soviet ultimatum of 1940, Smetona travelled to Germany, then to Switzerland and then to the United States. He did not sign any Soviet given documents, unlike Latvian and Estonian Presidents who were forced to do that after their countries occupations, to legitimate the occupation of Lithuania and upon leaving he hoped to form a government in exile. In the United States, he was active in public and sought to unite the Lithuanian Americans and all the other Lithuanians abroad in order to raise the Lithuania's occupation affair all the time till his tragic death in 1944.[2]
- 15–17 June 1940 Antanas Merkys Antanas Merkys.jpg The Prime Minister, de facto acting president after Smetona's departure. Not recognised by Lithuanian diplomats abroad; he assumed the role of president illegally, as Smetona had neither resigned nor died.
- 17 June – August 1940 Justas Paleckis Justas Paleckis 1961b.jpg Chosen unconstitutionally by leaders of the Lithuanian communists under pressure from the Soviet Union, not recognized internationally nor by the Lithuanian diplomatic service.[3]
- 16 February 1949 – 26 November 1954 Jonas Žemaitis HPIM0823.JPG Officially named as the fourth (acting) President of Lithuania in March 2009.[4]
- 26 November 1954 – 29 November 1957 Adolfas Ramanauskas Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas.jpg Officially named as the Head of State in November 2018.[5]


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جمهورية لتوانيا الاشتراكية السوڤيتية (1940–1941 و 1944–1990)

The Soviet Union occupied Lithuania and established Lithuanian SSR in July 1940. As Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Lithuania was occupied by the Germans. For a few days before the German occupation, Lithuania was ruled by pro-German rebel government of Juozas Ambrazevičius. Under the Germans, the General District of Lithuania was governed by the administration of general Petras Kubiliūnas. As Nazi Germany retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied the country and reestablished the Lithuanian SSR in 1944.

Title: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania (لتوانية: Lietuvos komunistų partijos Centro komiteto pirmasis sekretorius; روسية: Первый секретарь Центрального Комитета Коммунистической партии Литвы).

رقم الفترة الأمين الأول تعليقات
1 21 July 1940 – 24 June 1941
13 July 1944 – 22 January 1974
Antanas Sniečkus
2 18 February 1974 – 14 November 1987 Petras Griškevičius
3 1 December 1987 – 19 October 1988 Ringaudas Bronislovas Songaila First leader of the party to be deposed of his power (Sniečkus and Griškevičius held office until their death)
4 19 October 1988 – 11 March 1990 Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas Lost power as independence was declared

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet acted as a collective head of state from 25 August 1940 to 11 March 1990.

الفترة Chairman of the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet
تعليقات
1 25 August 1940 – 14 April 1967 Justas Paleckis In exile in Russian SFSR 1941–1944
2 14 April 1967 – 24 December 1975 Motiejus Šumauskas
3 24 December 1975 – 18 November 1985 Antanas Barkauskas
4 18 November 1985 – 7 December 1987 Ringaudas Songaila
5 7 December 1987 – 15 January 1990 Vytautas Astrauskas
6 15 January 1990 – 11 March 1990 Algirdas Brazauskas

جمهورية لتوانيا (1990–الحاضر)

The leader of the Supreme Council was the official head of state from the declaration of independence on 11 March 1990 until the new Constitution came into effect in 1992 establishing the office of President and the institution of Seimas. The state and its leadership were not recognized internationally until September 1991 [NB: Iceland was the first country to recognise the regained independence of Lithuania in February 1991[6]

Title from 1990 to 1992: Chairman of the Supreme Council (Parliament) (لتوانية: Aukščiausiosios Tarybos pirmininkas). Title from 1992 onwards: President (لتوانية: Prezidentas).

No پورتريه الاسم
(ميلاد–وفاة)
اِنتُخِب تولى المنصب ترك المنصب الانتماء/ملاحظات
-
Vytautas Landsbergis 2004.jpg
Vytautas Landsbergis
(born 1932)
11 March 1990 25 November 1992 As Chairman of the Supreme Council.
4
Algirdas Brazauskas 1998.jpg
Algirdas Brazauskas (acting)
(1932–2010)
25 November 1992 25 February 1993 First post-Soviet President
Algirdas Brazauskas
(1932–2010)
1993 25 February 1993 25 February 1998
5
Valdas Adamkus 16072008.jpg
Valdas Adamkus
(born 1926)
1997–98 26 February 1998 26 February 2003
6
Paksas March 2003 (cropped).jpg
Rolandas Paksas
(born 1956)
2002–03 26 February 2003 6 April 2004 Impeached and removed from office.
-
Artūras Paulauskas.jpg
Artūras Paulauskas
(born 1953)
6 April 2004 12 July 2004 As leader of Seimas, temporarily performed the duties of the President until the next election.
7
Valdas Adamkus 16072008.jpg
Valdas Adamkus
(born 1926)
2004 12 July 2004 12 July 2009
8
Dalia Grybauskaite 2014 by Augustas Didzgalvis.jpg
Dalia Grybauskaitė
(born 1956)
2009
2014
12 July 2009 12 July 2019 First female President of Lithuania. Became the second President to be re-elected.
9
Gitanas Nauseda (cropped).png
Gitanas Nausėda
(born 1964)
2019 12 July 2019 Incumbent

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ https://m.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/article.php?id=79837533
  2. ^ Jakubavičienė, Ingrida. "Istorijos puslapiai: kaip A. Smetona prezidentavo pasitraukęs iš Lietuvos". Kauno diena (in الليتوانية). Retrieved 17 August 2014.
  3. ^ "Lietuvos okupacija (1940 m. birželio 15 d.)". LRS.lt. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  4. ^ "Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas". istorineprezidentura.lt. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  5. ^ "XIII-1651 Dėl Adolfo Ramanausko-Vanago pripažinimo Lietuvos valstybės vadovu" (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ "Lithuania: "Thank you, Iceland!".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  • History, Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 26 August 2006.
  • (in لتوانية) Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.), Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.) (Rulers of Lithuania (13–18th centuries)), Mokslo ir enicklopedijų leidybos institutas, Vilnius 2004. ISBN 5-420-01535-8

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Lithuania topics قالب:Leaders of Lithuania since 1919 قالب:Years in Lithuania

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