لغة الماوري

"Te Reo" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة the television channel، انظر Te Reo (TV channel).

قالب:Use New Zealand English

Māori
Māori, Te reo Māori
موطنهاNew Zealand
المنطقةPolynesia
العرقMāori people
الناطقون الأصليون
Some 50,000 people report that they speak the language well or very well;[1]
149,000 self-report some knowledge of the language.[2]
Latin (Māori alphabet)
Māori Braille
الوضع الرسمي
لغة رسمية في
Flag of New Zealand.svg نيوزيلندا
ينظمهاMāori Language Commission
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-2mao (B)
mri (T)
ISO 639-2mao (B)
mri (T)
ISO 639-3mri
Glottologmaor1246
GlottopediaMaori[3]
Linguasphere39-CAQ-a
IETFmi-NZ
Idioma maorí.PNG
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

قالب:Māori sidebar

ماوري (Māori ؛ قالب:IPA-mi) هي لغة سكان نيوزيلندا الأصليين. وتعتبر جزء من لغة المالايو ,

يصل عدد متحدثيها لمئة وستين ألفا يتواجدون في نيوزيلندا وجزر كوك.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

الأصول

"First Lessons in the Maori Language", 1862,
by W. L. Williams, first Bishop of Waiapu


التبويب اللغوي

انظر أيضاً: اللغات الأسترونيزية

East Polynesian

 

Rapa Nui

 
Central Eastern

Tahitic

 

Maori

 
 

Rarotongan

 
 

Tahitian

 
 

Rapa

 
 
Marquesic

 

Hawaiian

 
 

 

Marquesan

 
 

Mangareva

 
 
 
 
 


التوزع الجغرافي

Speakers of Māori according to the 2013 census.
  < 5%
  5–10%
  10–20%
  20–30%
  30–40%
  40–50%
  > 50%


اللهجات

North Island dialects[4]

Biggs proposed that historically there were two major dialect groups, North Island and South Island, and that South Island Māori is extinct.[5] Biggs has analysed North Island Māori as comprising a western group and an eastern group with the boundary between them running pretty much along the island's north–south axis.[6]

لهجات الجزيرة الشمالية

In the southwest of the island, in the Whanganui and Taranaki regions, the phoneme ⟨h⟩ is a glottal stop and the phoneme ⟨wh⟩ is [ʔw]. This difference was the subject of considerable debate during the 1990s and 2000s over the then-proposed change of the name of the city Wanganui to Whanganui.

In Tūhoe and the Eastern Bay of Plenty (northeastern North Island) ⟨ng⟩ has merged with ⟨n⟩. In parts of the Far North, ⟨wh⟩ has merged with ⟨w⟩.[بحاجة لمصدر]


لهجات الجزيرة الجنوبية

Part of the annotation to a Ralph Hotere exhibition at Dunedin Public Art Gallery, written bilingually in English and southern Māori. Note several regional variations, such as Nohoka (Nohoanga, a place or seat), tikaka (tikanga, customs), pako (pango, black), and whaka (whanga, harbour).


التقويم

From missionary times, Māori adopted phonetic variants of the English names for the days of the week and the months of the year. Since about 1990, the Māori Language Commission has promoted new "traditional" sets. Its days of the week have no pre-European equivalent, but reflect the pre-Christian origins of the English names.[بحاجة لمصدر] The commission based the months of the year on those of the traditional Māori lunar calendar (maramataka).[7]

Day Adaptation Official
Monday Mane Rāhina
Tuesday Tūrei Rātū
Wednesday Wenerei Rāapa
Thursday Tāite Rāpare
Friday Paraire Rāmere
Saturday Rāhoroi/Hāterei Rāhoroi
Sunday Rātapu/Wiki Rātapu
Month Adaptation Official
January Hānuere Kohi-tātea
February Pēpuere Hui-tanguru
March Māehe Poutū-te-rangi
April Āperira Paenga-whāwhā
May Mei Haratua
June Hune Pipiri
July Hūrae Hōngongoi
August Ākuhata Here-turi-kōkā
September Hepetema Mahuru
October Oketopa Whiringa-ā-nuku
November Noema Whiringa-ā-rangi
December Tīhema Hakihea


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التأثير على إنگليزية نيوزيلندا

المقالة الرئيسية: تأثير الماوري على إنگليزية نيوزيلندا

New Zealand English has gained many loanwords from Māori, mainly the names of birds, plants, fishes and places. For example, the kiwi, the national bird, takes its name from te reo. "Kia ora" (literally "be healthy") is a widely adopted greeting of Māori origin, with the intended meaning of "hello".[8] It can also mean "thank you", or signify agreement with a speaker at a meeting. The Māori greetings tēnā koe (to one person), tēnā kōrua (to two people) or tēnā koutou (to three or more people) are also widely used, as are farewells such as haere rā. The Māori phrase kia kaha, "be strong", is frequently encountered as an indication of moral support for someone starting a stressful undertaking or otherwise in a difficult situation. Many other words such as whānau (meaning "family") and kai (meaning "food") are also widely understood and used by New Zealanders. The Māori phrase Ka kite ano means 'until I see you again' is quite commonly used.

المترجمون أونلاين

Māori is available on Google Translate, Microsoft Translator and Yandex.Translate. Various Māori dictionaries exist on the website Glosbe. Another popular online dictionary is Māori Dictionary.[9]

انظر أيضاً

Wikipedia
لغة الماوري edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ملاحظات

المراجع

  1. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة tereoMaori
  2. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Ethnologue
  3. ^ Glottopedia article on لغة الماوري.
  4. ^ Harlow 2006.
  5. ^ Biggs 1988.
  6. ^ Bauer 1997.
  7. ^ "Māori Orthographic Conventions". Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Māori (Māori Language Commission). Retrieved 23 سبتمبر 2019.
  8. ^ Swarbrick, Nancy (5 سبتمبر 2013). "Manners and social behaviour". teara.govt.nz (in الإنجليزية). Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 21 فبراير 2018.
  9. ^ "Māori Dictionary". maoridictionary.co.nz.

المصادر

  • Banks, Sir Joseph (1771). The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, Journal from 25 August 1768 – 12 July 1771. Project Gutenberg. Also available at Wikisource.
  • Bauer, Winifred (1993). Maori. Routledge descriptive grammars. Routledge.
  • Bauer, Winifred (1997). Reference Grammar of Māori. Auckland: Reed.
  • Bauer, Winifred; Evans, Te Kareongawai; Parker, William (2001). Maori. Routledge descriptive grammars. Routledge.
  • Biggs, Bruce (1988). "Towards the study of Maori dialects". In Harlow, Ray; Hooper, Robin (eds.). VICAL 1: Oceanic languages. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian linguistics. Auckland, New Zealand. January 1988, Part I. Auckland. Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
  • Biggs, Bruce (1994). "Does Māori have a closest relative?". In Sutton, Douglas G. (ed.). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 96–105. ISBN 1-86940-098-4.
  • Biggs, Bruce (1998). Let's Learn Māori. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
  • Griffiths, George John; Goodall, Maarire (1980). Maori Dunedin. Dunedin: Otago Heritage Books.
  • Clark, Ross (1994). "Moriori and Māori: The Linguistic Evidence". In Sutton, Douglas G. (ed.). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 123–135. ISBN 1-86940-098-4.
  • Harlow, Ray (1994). "Māori Dialectology and the Settlement of New Zealand". In Sutton, Douglas G. (ed.). The Origins of the First New Zealanders. Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 106–122. ISBN 1-86940-098-4.
  • Harlow, Ray (1996). Maori. Languages of the world. LINCOM Europa. ISBN 9783895861208.
  • Harlow, Ray (2006). Māori, A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-1107407626.
  • Harlow, Ray (2015). A Māori Reference Grammar. Wellington: Huia. ISBN 9781775502036.
  • Goodall, Maarire; Griffiths, George J. (1980). Maori Dunedin. Dunedin: Otago Heritage Books.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

وصلات خارجية

Wikipedia
لغة الماوري edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
يمكنك أن تجد معلومات أكثر عن لغة الماوري عن طريق البحث في مشاريع المعرفة:

Wiktionary-logo-en.png تعريفات قاموسية في ويكاموس
Wikibooks-logo1.svg كتب من معرفة الكتب
Wikiquote-logo.svg اقتباسات من معرفة الاقتباس
Wikisource-logo.svg نصوص مصدرية من معرفة المصادر
Commons-logo.svg صور و ملفات صوتية من كومونز
Wikinews-logo.png أخبار من معرفة الأخبار.

قالب:Languages of New Zealand قالب:Polynesian languages

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=لغة_الماوري&oldid=2384598"